I-Indiana ukuhlaselwa kwe-HIV kugxininisa ingozi yokungasebenzi
Ngo-Matshi 27, ngo-2015, ngoko-i-Indiana Governor Governor Mike Pence wachaza imeko yongxamiseko emva kwamagosa ezempilo karhulumente kukho ukuqinisekisile iimeko ezingama-81 ezintsha ze-HIV phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi (IDUs) kwiScott County. Uninzi lweziganeko zazingqaliwe kwaye zijikeleze idolophu yaseAustin (pop 4,295), apho ukusuleleka kwakubangelwa ikakhulu ngokukwabelana kweenaliti ngelixa ujoba i-opioid painkiller, i-Opana (i-oxymorphone).
Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, inani lamanqaku aqinisekisiweyo likhulile ngo-190.
Emva kokukhululwa kweendaba, uPence waqalisa amanyathelo ezempilo zongxamiseko, kubandakanywa inkqubo yenguqu yeshishina yesikhashana abapolitiki abanonophelo kwixesha elide belichase. Inkqubo yexesha elide inikezela abasebenzisi baseScott County ngeengcebiso zokunciphisa ulwaphulo kunye nokunikezelwa kweeveki zentlalo yamahhala. Ukongezelela, ukubhaliswa kwesosiza kwiprogram entsha yezempilo e-Indiana ( HIP) kwenza abahlali abanomvuzo ongezantsi bafumane inkxaso yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
I-Indiana iphakathi kwamazwe amabini e-US awenza isenzo sobugebengu ukusabalalisa nokufumana iisringana ngaphandle kwemithi, ngenxa yokuzikhusela ukuba ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukulandela ukugqabhuka kwe-Indiana, abameli belizwe bavumile umyalelo-mali ovumela iinkqubo zokutshintshisa iinaliti ukuba zisebenze kwamabhunga athile kodwa kuphela ukuba igunya lezempilo lendawo "lichaza ingqungquthela ye-HIV yesifo se-hepatitis C phakathi kwabajobi abasebenzisa iziyobisi" kunye nomkomishinala wezempilo welizwe uyavumelana nesicelo.
Imizamo yokugqithisa isigxina esisigxina, umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintshiselwa kweesalane uye wachitha ixesha elide, kunye noPence ngokwakhe ukumemezela ukuchaswa kwakhe kwinqanaba elisekelwe "kwizizathu zokuziphatha."
Kwakungekho nje umzekelo xa uPence ethatha isigwebo sokugweba iintsholongwane zeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ngethuba lokuphumelela kwakhe kwiCongress ngo-2000, uPence ucebisa ukuba iimali ze-HIV zemfundo ezinikezelwa phantsi kwe-Ryan White Care Act zichithwe kwimibutho "ebhiyozelayo nokukhuthaza" ubungqingili "kumaziko anika uncedo kulabo abafuna ukutshintsha ukuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo."
Ngoxa ukugqabhuka kuye kwagqithisa ngokufanelekileyo ihlabathi kwi-Indiana kunye ncinane, edolophini ehlwempuzekileyo emngceleni waseNyakatho yeKentucky-baninzi bememezela isiganeko "esingazange senzeke" -banye bayalumkisa ukuba akufanele kubonakaliswe njengento eyodwa okanye eyodwa.
Indlela iNgqungquthela yase-Indiana ibonisa ngayo iNkcubeko yaseRashiya kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu
Nangona isondo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengendlela yokuqala yokudlulisa i-HIV emhlabeni wonke, uphando lwe-epidemiological lubonise ukuba oku akusoloko kuyimeko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amagosa ezempilo ehlabathini lonke abone i-spike ephazamisayo kwiintsholongwane ezintsha ze-HIV kwi-Asia Ephakathi, eYurophu yaseMpuma naseRashiya, ngokunyuka kwama-250 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-2001.
Kwemininzi yale mimandla, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa namhlanje kubonwa njengendlela yokuqala yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV-kuquka i-Estonia apho iipesenti ezingama-50 zazo zonke iintsholongwane zibandakanya ii-IDU kunye neSt. Petersburg, eRussia apho ii-IDU zimela iipesenti ezingama-59 zazo zonke iintsholongwane zikaGawulayo. Yonke into echazwe, i-40 ekhulwini lezo zonke iintsholongwane ezitsha kulo mmandla zifanelekile, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ukwabelana ngeenaliti ezingcolile nge-HIV.
Nangona ukufana phakathi kwe-Austin, i-Indiana, ne-Central Asia kungabonakali konke okubonakalayo okokuqala, abaqhubi be-infections baba malunga neencwadi zezifundo zabo.
Ubuthakathaka obunzulu obunzulu, ukungabikho kweenkonzo zokuthintela, kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuthengiswa kweziyobisi zingasoloko zihlangane, njengokuba zenzekile e-Austin, ukudala "isiqhwithi esipheleleyo" ngokuqhambuka.
E-Indiana, umzekelo, iNqanawa engu-65, elinezinto ezinqamle ngqo kwi-Austin, iyaziwa njengeyona ndlela eyingozi yezidakamizwa phakathi kwezixeko zase-Indianapolis naseLouisville, eKentucky. Amazinga aphezulu obuhlwempu e-Austin (37%) ayaziwa ukuba adibaniswa nezinga lokunyuka kwe-injection usetyenziso lweziyobisi, kunye nokunxibelelaniswa kwezentlalo ezixhaswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-Opana (zichanekileyo phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezintathu ezisemthethweni ezisetyenziswa kakubi e-US namhlanje ).
Ngogqirha omnye kuphela edolophini kunye nokukhanyela okunzulu kwenkqubo yokutshintshisa iinaliti ukuqhuba kakubi nakwezinye izinto ngaphantsi komhlaba, abaninzi bayavuma ukuba kuncinci ukukhusela ukuqhambuka kokungabikho.
Ngokuthelekiswa, ukunyuka kwama-IDU kwi-Asia ephakathi, eMpuma Yurophu naseRashiya kunokulandelwa emva kwee-1990s emva kokuqhekeka kweSoviet Union. Ukuwa kwezokuhlaliswa kwezentlalo ezenzeke ukuba abathengisi bezonyango banikele ithuba lokunyusa intengiso ye-heroin evela e-Afghanistan, umlimi ophezulu kakhulu we-opium, kummandla wonke. Ngokuncinci kwindlela yokuphendula karhulumente kunye nangaphandle kweenkonzo zokukhusela kunye / okanye ukunyangwa kweziyobisi, ubhubhane phakathi kwama-IDU avunyelwe ukuba lukhule kulokho namhlanje: ukugqithiswa kwesigidi se-HIV kule mimandla emithathu kuphela.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMichiza yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eMelika
Iimpawu ezifanayo zibonwa kungekuMntla Afrika nakumaMbindi Mpuma, kodwa kwiipokethi kulo lonke iNtshona Melika. Enyanisweni, ngowama-2007, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuthiwa yinkalo yesithathu ebangelwa ingozi kwi-US, emva kokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nendoda enobudlelwane obunxinxileyo .
Ukususela ekuqaleni-ukuya koo-1990, iinzame zenze ukwandisa iinkqubo zomthetho-ntshintsho zentsaliti zokuzigcina eziyimfihlo zokunciphisa kangcono iziganeko ze-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo phakathi kwe-IDU. Namhlanje, kukho iiprogram ezingaphezu kwe-200 e-US, ukuhambisa iipiringi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36 ngonyaka.
E-New York State, amagosa ezempilo karhulumente achaza ukuba iziganeko zentsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kwe-IDU ziye zahla ukusuka kuma-52 ekhulwini ngo-1992, xa inkqubo yokutshintshiselwa kweesalane yayisungulwa, ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini ngo-2012. Ukusetyenziswa okunyanga kweyeza-antiretroviral phakathi kwama-IDU kubonakala negalelo kumanani aphantsi.
Imithombo:
KwiSebe lezeMpilo lase-Indiana. "I-State, Local and Federal Officers Respond to Result of HIV." E-Indiana, Indianapolis; ukukhutshwa kwenkcazelo ekhutshwe ngoMatshi 27, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Inkxaso kaPence yokuguqulwa kweyeza akuyona into ehleliweyo." Politifact. Disemba 2, 2016; papashwa kwi-intanethi.
IStathdee, S. kunye neStockman, J. "I-Epidemiology ye-HIV Phakathi kwabaSebenzi kunye nabangenayo Injecting Drugers: Iindlela ezikhoyo kunye neempembelelo zokungenelela." Ingxelo yeHIV / AIDS yangoku. Meyi 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Oluhlaza, iT; UMartin, E .; Bowman, S; okqhubekayo. Ubomi Emva kokuvalwa: Uvavanyo lweSyring Syringe Exchange. I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente. Meyi 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
ISebe lezeMpilo le-AIDS eNew York. " Ukunciphisa Ulwaphulo olunzulu Ukuguqula umkhondo weNtsholongwane entsha ye-HIV. " I-Albany, eNew York; kukhutshwa ngoMatshi 4, 2014.