Ukulinganisa Ingozi yokuThumela ngohlobo loKuveza
Xa kuxubusha ingozi ye-HIV, kubalulekile ukuqala ukubeka imimiselo emine ekufuneka yenzeke ukuze kuhanjiswe i-HIV:
- Kufuneka kubekho umzi womzimba apho i-HIV iyakhula . Oku kubandakanya i-semen, igazi, i-vaginal fluid, okanye ubisi lwebele. INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ayikwazi ukuphumelela emoyeni okanye kwiindawo zomzimba onomxholo ophezulu we-asidi, njengesisu okanye isantya.
- Kufuneka kubekho indlela yokudluliselwa kwamanzi okutshintshiselwa ngamanzi . Iindlela eziphambili zokudlulisela ziquka imisebenzi ethile yesondo, iileyile ezikwabelwanayo , ukunyuswa kwezempilo , okanye ukusasazeka kumama ukuya kumntwana .
- Kufuneka kubekho indlela yokuba intsholongwane ifikelele kwiiseli ezisengozini ngaphakathi komzimba . Oku kuya kwenzeka ngokuphuka okanye ukungena kwesikhumba okanye ngeengxube ze-mucosal ze-anus okanye ibhinqa. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayikwazi ukungena kwesikhumba esifanelekileyo.
- Kufuneka kube neenqanaba ezaneleyo zegciwane kwisifo somzimba . Yingakho i-saliva, i-sweat, kunye neenyembezi ziyimithombo engabonakaliyo ye-HIV kuba ukuxinwa kwintsholongwane kulezi zixhobo zitsholongwane kuthathwa njengenganele. Ukunciphisa i-enzymes kwi-saliva (ebizwa ngokuba yi-secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitors, okanye i-SLPIs) yaziwa ngokunciphisa kakhulu amandla okugciwane le-HIV.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba umsebenzi "unobungozi obukhulu" okanye "umngcipheko ophantsi", ngoko, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakuhle komsebenzi ngamnye kule miqathango emine.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kunokufumaneka emva kokuphela kwesifo
Ukunikezela ipesenteji ebonakalayo kwi-"riskiness" yomsebenzi othile ngumsebenzi onobuqili. Ngelixa iinkcukacha zingabonisa ukuba kunokuphela kwe-one-in-200 (okanye i-0.5 ekhulwini) ithuba lokusuleleka ngumsebenzi onjalo kunye nolu hlobo, oko akuthethi ukuba awukwazi ukusuleleka emva kokutshatyalaliswa komnye kuphela.
Kunoko, iipesenti ze-0.5 "ukuchazwa ngamathuba" kwenzelwe ukubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wesifo esisodwa kuya kubakho abantu abangama-200 ababandakanya umsebenzi othile. Akuthethi ukuba kufuneka wenze okuthile ngamaxesha angama-200 ukuze usuleleke.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iingqikelelo zengozi zisekelwe kwizinto ezimbini kunye neemeko zodwa-ukuba umntu omnye unayo i-HIV kwaye enye ayifuni. Izinto ezinxulumene nazo, ezinjengezonyango ezikhoyo zesondo , i-general health, kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane yomntu osulelekileyo, unokuqhubela umngcipheko kude kube yinto enobungozi obuncinane.
Uqikelelo lweHIV Transmission Risk Per Exposure
Uqikelelo olungezansi alufanele luthatyathwe njengoluqilileyo kodwa kunokuba lusebenze njengendlela yokuqonda umngcipheko ochaphazelekayo we-HIV ngohlobo lokuchazwa. Ezi manani zisekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-meta-uphando lwamaqela amaninzi olulindeleke ngokuthe ngqo kumngcipheko we-exposed exposure.
| Ukuboniswa | Uhlobo lokuPhuma | Umngcipheko wobuNgcipheko |
| Uhlalutyo | Ukuxhatshazwa ngesondo ngesilwanyana kunye ne-ejaculation | 1.43% (enye ngo-70) |
| Ukuxhatshazwa ngesondo sangasese ngaphandle kokunyuka | 0.65% (enye kwi-154) | |
| Ubundlobongela obunqambileyo obunqamlekileyo, ongalukanga | 0.62% (enye ngo-161) | |
| Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokulinganayo, ukusoka | 0.11% (enye ngo-909) | |
| Vaginal | Ukwabelana ngesondo, umfazi wesilisa (ilizwe elinenzuzo ephezulu) | 0.04% (enye kwi-2500) |
| Ukwabelana ngesondo, i-male-to-female (ilizwe elinenzuzo ephezulu) | 0.08% (enye ngo-1250) | |
| Ukwabelana ngesondo, i-female-to-male (ilizwe eliphantsi-ngeniso) | 0.38% (enye ngo-263) | |
| Ukwabelana ngesondo, isondo kunye namadoda (ilizwe eliphantsi-ngeniso) | 0.3% (enye ngowama-333) | |
| Ukulala ngesondo, isifo se-HIV | 0.07% (enye ngo-1428) | |
| Ukwabelana ngesondo ngesondo, i-HIV-static symptomatic symptomatic | 0.55% (enye ngo-180) | |
| Ngomlomo | I-Oral-penile (fallatio), iyakwamkela | 0% ukuya ku-0.04% (enye kwi-2500) |
| I-Oral-penile (fallatio), ingenise | 0% ukuya kwi-0.005% (enye ngo-20000) | |
| Umlomo womlomo (anilingus), nokuba ngumlingani | nganyaniseki | |
| I-Oral-vaginal (cunnilingus), okanye iqabane | nganyaniseki | |
| Ngemizuzu | Ukwabelana ngokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa , ukungaxilwanga | 0.67% (enye ngo-149) |
| Ukulimala kwenkunkuma yokusebenza | 0.24% (enye ngo-417) | |
| Isalathisi esingekho emsebenzini emsebenzini w / isirinji elahliwe | ephantsi ukunyaniseka | |
| Ukumpontshelwa ngegazi (i-US) | 0.0000056% (enye kwi-1.8 yezigidi) | |
| Ukukhulelwa | Unina kumntwana, akukho unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) | 25% (enye kwezine) |
| Umama ukuya komntwana, ii-ART ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuhambisa | 0.8% (enye ngo-125) | |
| Unina kumntwana, kwi-ART ene-viral load load | 0.1% (enye ngo-1000) |
Ukunciphisa Ingozi yakho yeHIV
Injongo yokuqonda umngcipheko onxulumene nayo kukuseka iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wosulelo okanye umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthatha amancinci ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kweikhondom kuhambelana nokuncipha kwamaxesha angama-20 kwingozi ye-HIV, ngelixa ukukhetha ukufakwa kwe-fallatio ngaphezu kokulala kwesini esilumkileyo kubangelwa ukuhla kwe-13. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubukho be-STD okanye isilonda sesisu sandisa ingozi ye-HIV ngenye indawo ukusuka kuma-200 ukuya kuma-400 ekhulwini.
Ngokuqinisekileyo into eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya amathuba okudluliselwa kwe-HIV ngumthwalo wentsholongwane yomntu ogulayo.
Idatha yangoku ibonisa ukuba umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo ene-viral load angama-96 ekhulwini angaphantsi kancinci ukudlulisela i-HIV kunomntu onentsholongwane ebonakalayo.
Isicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba unyango njengendlela yokuthintela (I-TasP) ixhasa ngokugqithiseleyo ukusetyenziswa kweyeza-antiretroviral ukunciphisa ukunyanzelisa umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ikwaqinisa kwakhona imfuno yokuvavanywa kwangaphambili ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwiimeko ezixutyanisiweyo (i- serodiscordant ).
Ukwazi i-serostatus kunye neyakho iqabane lakho kukuvumela ukuba wenze ukhetho oluchanekileyo malunga nokuzikhusela kangcono-ingaba kukuphepha kwimisebenzi yengozi, sebenzisa iikhondom, okanye uhlolisise kwangaphambili i-prophylaxis (PrEP) njengendlela yokunciphisa Intsholongwane engenayo i-HIV iyakwazi ukuthintela.
Imithombo:
Jin, F .; Jansson, J .; Umthetho, M .; okqhubekayo. "Ukunxibelelana rhoqo nge-HIV kumadoda angqingili eSydney ngexesha le-HAART." AIDS . Matshi 27, 2010; 24 (6): 907-913.
Dosekun, O. kunye neFox, J. "Uhlolo-nkcazo lweengozi ezinxulumene neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha ngokwesini kwi-HIV." Iimbono zangoku kwi-HIV ne-AIDS , ngoJulayi 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
Boily, M .; Baggaley, R .; Wang, L .; okqhubekayo. "Umngcipheko we-HIV kunye nentsholongwane yezocwangciso ngentsholongwane yezocansi: Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlalutya kweemvavanyo zophando." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. NgoFebruwari 2009; 9 (2): 118-129.
Baggaley, R .; Boily, M .; White, R .; okqhubekayo. "Ingozi yokuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kunye ne-blood parenteral and transfusio n: ukuhlolwa kweenkqubo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta." AIDS ; 20 (6): 805-812.
T; okqhubekayo. "Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuThengiswa kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO: Ukulinganisa umngcipheko we-Per-Act kwi-HIV kwiSiseko soKhetho lomlingani, uMthetho woTyhini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweComso." Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ; 29 (1): 38-43.