Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi
Ukuba uceba ukunyelwa igazi, unokukhathazeka ngeengozi ezinxulumene nokwamkela igazi elizinikeleyo. Nangona iingozi zingekho, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwegazi e-United States kukhuselekile kakhulu, kukho imingcipheko ehlala ihambelana nokuxilongwa.
Ukuhlola okubanzi kunceda ukunqanda ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo; Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingozi ezongezelelweyo umntu kufuneka aziqwalasele xa ecinga ukunyelwa igazi.
Le mngcipheko, ezinye zazo ezinzulu, kufuneka zilinganiswe neengxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa ukungabikho kwegazi okanye iiseli zegazi, ezifana ne-anemia kunye ne-hypovolemia.
Ukuguqulwa (iHemolytic) Indlela yokuTshintshiswa kweGazi
Isenzo esichaphazelekayo, esaziwa njenge-hemolytic reaction, sisabela ekulawulweni kwegazi lomnikeli. Amanyathelo athatyathwa ukukhusela impendulo enzima, ngokuqala ngeenkqubo zesebhu ezithintela ukulawulwa kwegazi okungenzeka kubangele ingxaki.
Impendulo ye-hemolytic iyenzeka xa isistim somzimba sesigulane esifumana ukumpontshelwa igazi sitshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngethuba lolawulo, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amathuba okuphendula, ukuquka ukunikela igazi ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba nayiphi na impendulo ingacatshangelwa ngaphambi kokuba igalelo elikhulu legazi linikezelwe kwaye lijonge ngokuthe ngqo nayiphi na imiqondiso yobunzima. .
Ubunzima bempendulo kunye nemiphumo yokungaphumeleli igazi kuya kugqiba ukuba igazi liya kuqhubeka linikwe okanye ukuba ukuxilongwa kuyomiswa. I-Benadryl, iTylenol okanye ezinye iilwimi zentlungu, i-antihistamines okanye i-steroids inokunikezelwa ukuba ime okanye iyanciphise indlela yokusabela ngayo.
Kwezinye iimeko, isigulane esaziwayo ukuba sisabela ekumponjweni kwegazi sinikezelwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba umngcipheko wokuphendula ungaphantsi kweengozi ezinxulumene nokuphuma ngegazi.
Iimpawu kunye neMpawu zoNgeniso olusisigxina kuTshintshiselwano
- I sizathu
- I-Fever : Ngokukhawuleza kwintsholongwane emva kokuxilongwa kwegazi kuqala kungaba ngumqondiso wokusasazeka kwamanzi. Ukushisa kwesigulane kufuneka kuhlale kuthathwa ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa.
- Ukuxhalabisa: Isigulane sinokuvakalelwa okanye siyikwesaba xa kusenokuza kwenzeka.
- I-Tachycardia: Ngokukhawuleza kunokuba isantya senhliziyo isenzeke ngaphambi kokuphendula, ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zithathwa ngokukhawuleza phambi kokulawulwa kwegazi.
- I-Hypotension: Uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi kunezinye eziqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zokuphendula igazi.
- Ubuhlungu: Intlungu yesifuba kunye nentlungu ebuyiswe yimva ayimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula.
- Dyspnea : Unzima ukuphefumla kungabonakala kwiimpembelelo ezinzima.
- Iintsholongwane zentsholongwane: Iingso zinokubunzima ukucofa igazi ngenxa yeenombolo zegazi ezifile ezihlaselwe ngumzimba wokuzivikela.
- I-Urine Yamanzi: Kanye neentsholongwane ezingasebenzi, umchamo wesigulane ungabonisa ubungqina begazi elidlulileyo kwiintso.
- Ubuhlungu bePlank: Ukukhubazeka kweentso kunokuba bubuhlungu kwaye bubuhlungu njengentlungu.
- Umngcipheko ophezulu weNtsholongwane: Ukuba umnikeli wakho wegazi wayegula xa azinikele okanye agule kungekudala emva koko, umngcipheko wakho wesifo usulelekile . Umngcipheko wakho uphezulu xa isistim somzimba sakho siphelile okanye ukuba ugula kakhulu.
- Ukufa: Kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka, ukuba ukusabela kwe-hemolytic kunzima kakhulu.
Izifo Zisasazwa Ngokwegazi
Iqula legazi lomnikeli lihlolwe ngokucophelela kwizifo ezithathelwanayo kwaye likhuselekile kakhulu . Nangona kunjalo, kukho ithuba elincinane kakhulu lokufumana izifo ezisongela ubomi ezivela kwigazi lomnikelo. Kukho nethuba elincinane lokuthengisa ezinye izifo okanye izifo ezithintela igazi.
I-Heart Heart, i-Lung ne-Blood Institute iqikelela ukuba kukho i-1 kwi-2,000,000 ithuba lokufumana i-Hepatitis C okanye i-HIV kwi-transfusion. Kukho ithuba eli-1 kwi-205,000 lokuthenga i-Hepatitis B.
Nangona kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ngeengozi zokumpontshelwa igazi, kubalulekile ukugcina ezi ngxaki ngokubhekiselele. Ngokomzekelo, unamaxesha amaninzi okuba ubulawe yi-asteroid kunokuba ufumane i-HIV okanye i-Hepatitis C ngokufakela igazi.
Izifo ezinokusasaza ngegazi
- UkuTshintshiselana okuHlanganisiweyo nokuLawulwa kweeLung (TRALI): Kwiiyure emva kokumpontshelwa, ukuphefumula ubunzima, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, umkhuhlane ukhona, kunye ne-x-ray esifubeni iya kubonisa ukuba i-pulmonary isingenise. Isigulane sinokuba nzima kakhulu ukufumana i-oksijini eyaneleyo kwiimeko ezinzima. Ukuxilongwa akuqhelekanga, kodwa abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kungaphantsi kwe-diagnosenti kwaye kwenzeka ngokwenene kwi-300-5,000 transfusion, kwaye yinto yesithathu ebangela ukuba ukufa kubangelwe ukufa, kuxhomekeke kwisifundo.
- I-Creutzfeldt-Jakob Izifo (i-CJD): Isifo esingaqhelekanga sisifo sengqondo esisisigxina somntu wesifo seenkomo. Umngcipheko wokuthengisa i-CJD uphantsi kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba umnikeli unentsholongwane yesifo.
- I-Malaria: Ngokuqhelekileyo idluliselwa ngummiyane, umngcipheko wokubambisana ne-malaria uphantsi kumazwe okungaqhelekanga ngayo. Umngcipheko ukhulu kakhulu kwiindawo zehlabathi, ezifana ne-Afrika, apho i-malaria ihlala ifunyaniswa khona. I-Malaria ibangela ukukhulelwa, ukugubha, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, i-anemia, intlungu yesisu kunye neentloko.
- I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV): Intsholongwane eqhelekileyo, ikhona kwi-80% yabemi. Iimpawu ezinjenge-Flu zikhona xa umntu ebamba i-CMV, okanye ingabonwa. Abantu abanesistim e-immune eyancitshiswayo bangafumana igazi eliye lahlolwa kwi-CMV.
- I-Babesiosis ne-Lyme Izifo: Ukusabalala ngokukhawulwa kweekiti, zombini iimeko zidala ukukhathala okungapheliyo . I-Babesiosis ifana ne-malaria, ibonisa ngomkhuhlane, ukugubha izibilini kunye ne-anemia. I-Lyme ixhaphake kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zokhuni apho abantu bahamba khona, i-Babesiosis ininzi kakhulu kufuphi naseLong Island e-United States.
- I-Chagas: Isifo sisasazeka ngama-parasites, iChagas iyaxhaphaka eMexico, eMntla Merika naseMzantsi Melika. Ukhohlo olungaphendulwanga, lunokubangela umonakalo komzimba, kodwa amayeza atholakala ngamaziko okuLawula izifo.
- I-Syphilis: Ukugula okuqhelekileyo kusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano ngokwesondo, i-syphilis ibangela izilonda kwizitho zangasese kwaye ngamanye amaxesha emlonyeni. I-Syphilis iphathwa ngokukhawuleza kodwa ingabangela iingxaki zempilo xa zisishiya phambili ngaphandle kweyeza.
- I-Epstein Barr (i-EBV): Enye ye-virus ye-herpes, i-EBV ikholelwa ukuba ikhona kwizidumbu ezingama-95% yabemi. Xa i-EBV ikhutshwe ngumntwana osemtsha, inengozi yokuphuhlisa i-mono, okanye isifo sokubanga, iqikelelwa kwi-30-50%.
- I-Herpes: Nangona izifo ezininzi zibangelwa yi-herpes yintsapho ye-virus, abaninzi abantu bathetha i-herpes yomzimba xa bethetha ixesha. Le ntsholongwane ibangela izilonda kwizitho zangasese kunye nezilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni.
ILizwi
Ukunikezelwa kwegazi eUnited States kuphephe kakhudlwana, kwaye amathuba okufumana igazi elingcolileyo liphantsi kakhulu. Oko akuyikuba nako ukuphendulwa kwegazi elinikeziweyo, ngezinye iimeko ezinzulu ezibangelwa ngumzimba ukuchonga igazi njengelinye ilizwe, nangona luhlobo olufanayo lwegazi. Ukuphendula kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kumntu oye waba nexesha elidlulileyo, ngoko qiniseka ukuba uzazisa ababoneleli benkonzo yakho yezempilo ukuba uye wafumana impendulo ye-hemolytic ngexesha lokupakishwa kwangaphambili.
> Imithombo:
> I-Malaria kunye nokunyelwa igazi. I-Kitchen AD, i-PL ye-Chiodini. INational Blood Service, eLondon, UK
> I-Red Red Transfusion kunye neNosocomial Infection Rates. URobert W. Taylor, MD, FCCM, uLisa Manganaro, uRN, uJacklyn O'Brien, uRN, uSteven J. Trottier, MD, FCCM, uNadeem Parkar, MD, uChristopher Veremakis, MD.
> Izingozi zokufa. LiveScience.
> Ukutshintshwa kweTransferment - Hemolytic. Medline Plus.