Asifumananga isitofu sokukhusela i-HIV. Xa izazinzulu zenza, kungenakusebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nangona oko kunokuzwakala kunzima, kukho ezinye izicwangciso eziyaziwayo zokukhusela i-HIV, kubandakanywa negalelo elingenako.
Iindlela eziziwayo ngokuzikhusela i-HIV
1. Yenza isondo ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba unesondo , sebenzisa ukukhusela nokusebenzisa iikhondom . Hlola i-HIV.
Vavanywa kunye namaqabane akho. Hlola i-STD kwaye ufumane ezi zifo ze-STD.
2. Gwema ukusebenzisa kwakhona izixhobo . Nabani osebenzisa iinaliti kufuneka asebenzise kuphela iinaliti ezicocekileyo , nokuba isisibhedlele okanye ukuba i-self injection.
3. Yenzelwa ukukhuselwa. Omnye umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo + ophethwe ngokupheleleyo nge-HIV kwaye unomthwalo omncinci okanye ongabonakaliyo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (inani legciwane lengculazi egazini lakhe) akunakwenzeka ukuba athathe umntu. Nentsholongwane kaGawulayo, ukuzitholela ngokwakho kuthetha ukuthethi nje, kodwa nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulisa intsholongwane kwiqabane lakho.
Kukho kwakhona ukutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili kweprophylaxis kunye ne-post-exposure prophylaxis. Njengoko unyango lwe-HIV kunye nemithi lunceda ukukhusela i-HIV ekusasazeni, ukunika imishanguzo kulabo abanokubonakalayo banceda ukunqanda ukutshintshwa kwe-HIV.
4. I-Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PrEP) ivumela abo abangenayo i-HIV, kodwa besengozini ye-HIV, bathathe ipilisi imihla ngemihla ukuze banciphise ithuba labo lokuba ne-HIV .
Ngokuqhelekileyo bathabatha ipilisi ye-once-a-day efana neTruvada enesibini imishanguzo ye-HIV, i-tenofovir kunye ne-emtricitabine. Oku akunjalo ngamachiza amaninzi njengemigangatho epheleleyo, equle ubuncinane amayeza amathathu. Ukuthatha le pilisi rhoqo imihla ngemihla kunokunciphisa ithuba lokufumana i-HIV ngama-92 ekhulwini.
Ayisebenzisekanga kangako ukuba ingathathwa rhoqo imihla kwaye wonke umntu unakho ukulibala.
Kunzima ukukhumbula ukuthatha ipilisi imihla ngemihla. Awuyi kuthatha indawo yesondo ekhuselekileyo (okanye inaliti ekhuselekileyo), kodwa inciphisa umngcipheko kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-HIV. Oku kuthetha ukuthatha ipilisi imihla ngemihla kodwa ipilisi ekhethiweyo inqabile ayinayo imiphumo emininzi kubantu abaninzi.
Abo bathatha i-PrEP bayazi ukuba basengozini ye-HIV. Oku kungabandakanya ukuba ngumlingane oqhelekileyo womntu one-HIV. Oku kungabandakanya amadoda angama-gay abaqaphele ukuba basengozini kumlingane omtsha kwaye bafuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Kusenako ukufumana i-HIV xa uthatha i-PrEP nangona uthatha ipilisi imihla ngemihla, kodwa umngcipheko ungaphantsi.
Uya kufuneka uhlolwe ngugqirha emva kweenyanga ezintathu ukuba uthatha i-PrEP.
5. I-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PEP) ikhusela abo sele bebenokubonakalayo kwi-HIV banciphise ithuba lokufumana i-HIV. Kule meko, umntu oye wachazwa ngokukhawuleza ufuna ukunyamekela ngokukhawuleza, ethemba okungenani kwiiyure ezingama-24 (kwaye kungekudala iiyure ezingama-72).
Unokufumana i-PEP kwiofisi yakho yonyango, isebe elingxamisekileyo, ikliniki yokunakekelwa ngokukhawuleza, okanye iklinikhi ye-HIV. Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza ukuba utyhilekile. Ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo unemibuzo, bangabiza: Isiko soNxibelelwano lweKliniki oluxhaswa yiCDC (888) 448-4911.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-HIV kunokuvela kwi:
- inaliti yengozi ithambile ngumqeshwa ononophelo olunceda unogulane ngeHIV +
- ukudlwengulwa, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo
- ukulala ngesondo kunye nokungavumelekanga kunye nomlingane weHIV +
- ukuba negazi le-HIV (okanye ezinye izifo zomzimba) zikhawuleza emehlweni akho okanye emlonyeni
- nokuba nesilonda esivulekileyo okanye i-scrape ichithwe ngegazi le-HIV (okanye ezinye izifo zomzimba)
- ukwabelana ngeesaliti (okanye izinto ezingenayo inzalo kunye neyonyango engenayo) kunye nomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo
- kunqabile kakhulu: ukugalelwa kwegazi okungafanelekanga ngegazi le-HIV
Ukuboniswa akubandakanyi ukunxibelelana okungaqhelekanga. Akubandakanyi ukumanga okanye ukutshiza.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-PEP ibandakanya amayeza amabini, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwengozi kunye nokufumaneka kweziyobisi, i-PEP ingaquka iziyobisi ezintathu, i-regimen epheleleyo yeyeza.
Olu unyango olunamachiza e-HIV luqhubeka ngenyanga.
Nangona abo bathatha i-PEP sele benokuthi baveze, ubuninzi bezinto ezichasayo azikhokelela ekusulelekeni. Umngcipheko ungaphantsi kwe-1 kwi-100 kwiintlobo ezininzi zokungcola. Ngaphambi kokuba i-PEP, ezininzi iimfuno kunye neentlobano zesini, nangona umntu eyaziwa ngokuba ne-HIV, akuzange iholele ekuhanjisweni kwe-HIV. Umngcipheko uxhomekeke kumthwalo wentsholongwane (ininzi yegciwane egazini). Nangona kunjalo, iinaliti zithatha ukusuleleka kwizifo ezimalunga nama-2.3 kwi-1 000. Umngcipheko wesondo uxhomekeke kukuphi uhlobo, kunye nokulala komntu owamkelekileyo (13.8 per 1,000), ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zesini zithatha umngcipheko we-4-11 kwiintlanganiso ezili-10 000.
I-PEP ayikho i-100 ekhulwini ephumelelayo, ngoko ke umntu othabatha iPEP emva kokuchasana kufuneka asebenzise ukhuseleko (iikhondom) kunye neqabane lakhe ukuphepha ingozi.
Iindleko ze-PEP imishanguzo ye-HIV inokuba yingxaki. Ukuba ulwaphulo lomzimba wesondo okanye uhlaselo lwakho luyimpembelelo yolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ufuna uncedo e-US ukuhlawula la mayeza, nceda uqhagamshelane neenkonzo zenkxaso yexhoba kwimeko yakho. Kwabanye, kukho ezinye iindlela zokufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza ukuba awunayo inshorensi. Iindleko akufanele zilibazise ukunakekelwa njengoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba la mayeza athatyathwa kungekudala emva kokuvelela.
Kukho Mhlawumbi Kungaba yindlela entsha yokukhusela i-HIV
6. Injectable, i-ARV-long-anti Acting medication ingaba yindlela enye yokuthintela nokunyanga i-HIV. Oku akusiyo isitofu. Kunoko, kufana neepilisi zithathwa unyango, i-PEP, okanye i-PrEP, kodwa ijojowe. Kusemgangathweni; akukho apha, kodwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu kwindlela i-HIV inokuphathwa ngayo kwaye inqande.
Abaphandi baye bazama ukufumana indlela yokwenza unyango kunye nokuthintela ukuba kusebenze ixesha elide. Akukho nkunkuma esele ivumelekile ende, kodwa yinto ethile kwimisebenzi enokuthi ingenzeki kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. Ukuthatha ipilisi imihla ngemihla kunzima. Nabani na ongakulibala. Xa sikhohliwe iipilisi, amanqanaba ethu eziyobisi ayancipha kwaye ukuxhatshazwa kunokukhula. Ukuba ukuchasana kukhula ne-HIV, iziyobisi ziyayeka ukusebenza. Izidakamizwa ezintsha ziza kuqaliswa, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kunokusula usebenzise amaqela apheleleyo amayeza kwaye kukho iiklasi ezininzi, okanye amaqela, amayeza e-HIV. Kubalulekile ukukhusela ukukhuselwa.
Ukuba izidakamizwa zazihlala iiveki okanye iinyanga, kwakungeke kube nzima ukuqiniseka ukuba unyango lwenziwa. Iiklinikhi zinokuze zenze unyango kulabo ababenzima ukufumana amayeza abo. Ngaloo ndlela, isilwanyana esingasetyenziswa ixesha elide sinokukunceda abantu bahlale bephilile, kwiimichiza zabo, kwaye mhlawumbi banqande ukumelana.
Iimvumi ze-HIV ezinokutsha zingadlulela kwiiveki ezine ukuya kweebhozo okanye ngaphezulu. Babenethemba lokuba babeza kudlula iiveki ezili-12, kodwa kubonakala ngathi banxiba ngokukhawuleza.
Iziyobisi ezisetyenzisiweyo zifana neentlobo zamachiza esisetyenziswayo kwiipilisi, ezifana ne-integrase inhibitors kunye ne-NNRTIs (engeyi-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Umehluko kukuba ezi zi yobisi zenziwe ukuba zijojowe. Le miyeza ejoyiweyo yakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide. Esikhundleni sokuba ugqoke emva komhla okanye kunjalo, iziyobisi zingatsho kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo inyanga okanye ezimbini.
Kuya kuthatha ixesha ukubona indlela le ndlela isebenza ngayo. Siza kubona indlela esebenza ngayo kubantu abahlukeneyo-iminyaka eyahlukileyo, abafazi, kumayeza ahlukeneyo, kunye neembali ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amanqanaba eziyobisi ahlale ephezulu kwigazi nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukuba amanqanaba eziyobisi egazini (nakwezinye iinxalenye zomzimba) aphantsi kakhulu, intsholongwane ingakwazi ukuphakamisa ukubuya. Oku kunokumelana nokubeka umngcipheko njengemingcipheko enganyangekiyo iya kukhethwa. Ngoko nje ngokuba kubalulekile ukuba iipilisi zithathwa imihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukuba iziyobisi ezingenayo idala ingxaki efanayo kwaye ziguqa ngokukhawuleza kwabanye abantu. Oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ilandele ixesha apho umntu ekhetha ukuyeka isigulo-esinjengenxa yemiphumela emibi-kunye namanqanaba eziyobisi angancipha ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isigxina simisiwe.
Siza kuphinda sibone ukuba ngaba kukho iziphumo ezinobungozi kwiisenki eziyingxaki. Iilenki zinikezelwe kwi-glutes, kunokuba kungengengalo, njengoko kuninzi ngaphezulu ukujojoka kunokuba uhlaselwe rhoqo ngumkhuhlane. Ezi zijoyi zibuhlungu abanye abantu.
Zonke iziyobisi zithatha amaninzi ukuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyasebenza njengoko silindele. Nangona iziyobisi zisetyenzisiweyo, ukuveliswa okutsha kuya kuvavanywa kakhulu. Izifundo ezikhoyo ngoku zibonise le ndlela ukuba ifane neepilisi-kwaye akukho nto imelana nayo. Uninzi lwabantu luchaze luyathanda le regimen.
Ezi ziyobisi ezinokusetyenziswa ngeziyobisi zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela kunye unyango.
Ngesinye isikhathi, abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu we-HIV banokufumana ukudubula nganye kwiinyanga ezimbini ukukhusela. Oku akuyi kuba yisitofu, kodwa kunoko, njenge-PrEP, bekuya kuba izidakamizwa ezaneleyo ukuphepha ukuvumela i-HIV ukuthintela umntu. Oku kusenokungagqibekanga: kwizifundo ubuncinane abantu ababini banesifo, kodwa abanye baninzi bakhuselwe.
Abanye bangena ekuxhalabiseni ngokuthatha imithi imihla ngemihla ukuba bafune ukutyelela iklinikhi yabo ngokudubula nganye kwiinyanga ezimbini. Le nto ingaba yindlela entsha yokuphatha i-HIV. Inokuba luncedo ngokwenene kwiindawo apho izibonelelo zingaphelelanga-kwaye iintlekele ziqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela ukuba abantu bafune ukuzithemba ngokukhawuleza, beshiya amakhaya kunye neeklinikhi zabo, bafanele ukuba babe neenyanga okanye ezimbini ngaphandle kweepilisi zabo. Inokukunceda nakwiiklinikhi ezinengxaki zokubeka ixabiso elikhulu lamachiza kwaye uzama ukubonelela ngeengcebiso. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga i-HIV ngempumelelo kwaye unyango olusebenzayo lunokuthintela ukusulela nokuyeka i-HIV, ngokupheleleyo.
> Imithombo:
> Aids.gov. I-post-exposed prophylaxis (PEP).
> Aids.gov. I-pre-exposed prophylaxis (PrEP).
> CDC. Izithintelo zeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo.
> UMargolis DA, uBoffito M. Ixesha elide lisebenza ngamagciwane antiviral for treatment. I-Curr Opin AIDS AIDS. 2015; 10 (4): 246-52.