Yiyiphi Eyona Ngcono Kokuhlola Iengozi zeCardiac?
Kuyaziwa ukuba ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa kubaluleke kakhulu kwingozi yobunzima be- coronary disease (CAD) , ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha . Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bahluke malunga nokuba yiphi indlela eyona nto ibhetele yokuqikelela ukuba umntu "uninzi" kakhulu kunene-oko kukuthi, unzima kangangokuba ubunzima bawo bunokuchaphazela umngcipheko we-cardiovascular risk . Amanyathelo amathathu aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo yi-BMI (i-index mass body), isinqunyilo sesinqe, kunye nesilinganiselo sesisindo somlenze.
Kodwa ingcono omnye kunabanye?
BMI
Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ukuvavanya umngcipheko wesigxina u-BMI, umlinganiselo wesisindo sakho kwisikwere sokuphakama kwakho. I-BMI ye-25 - 29.9 ithathwa njengongaphezulu komzimba, ukususela ku-30 ukuya ku-34.9 inzima, kwaye i-35 okanye ngaphezulu iphinde iphelile. I-BMI calculators kulula ukuyisebenzisa (yonke into oyifunayo ukuphakama nobukhulu bakho) kwaye iyatholakala kwi-intanethi ngokulula. (Nantsi enye evela kwi-NIH.)
I-BMI iluncedo kuba le mvavanyo isetyenziswe kwizifundo ezininzi zeekliniki, ngoko ke uhlalutyo oluninzi lwenziwe nge-BMI. Enyanisweni, iinkcazo eziqingqiweyo zokuthi "zikhulu kakhulu," "zigqithise" kwaye "zigqithise kakhulu" zazingezantsi ezisekelwe kwezi zifundo ze-BMI.
Nangona kunjalo, i-BMI ayisoloko ichanekile. I-overestimates fat fat (body mass) kunye nabantu abanomzimba obuninzi obuninzi kunye neentlupheko zokuhlala zingabantu abakhulile (abahlala belahlekelwa ubunzima besisu).
Uluhlu lwentambo
Ingcamango yokusebenzisa umlenze wesikhumba njengomngcipheko weengcipheko uvela ekubeni i-fetes fetes (inqwaba yezicubu ezinamafutha esiswini) ngokuqhelekileyo kucatshangelwa ukuba "yimbi" kunokuba iqokelele amanqatha kwenye indawo (njengezintambo okanye amathanga).
Oku kungenxa yokuba ukukhuluphala kwesisu kuyahambisana nobungozi obuninzi nje ngesifo se-cardiovascular, kodwa nesifo se-metabolic , i- hypertension , nesifo sikashukela .
Izifundo zibonise ukuba inqamle yesigxina yeesentimitha ezingama-40 okanye ngaphezulu (102 cm) kumadoda, kwaye ama-intshi angama-35 okanye ngaphezulu (88 cm) kubasetyhini, inxulumene nenengozi ephezulu yengqondo.
Ratio ye-Waist-To-Hip
Isilinganiselo sesisindo somlenze sinye enye indlela yokuvavanya ukukhuluphala kwesisu, kwaye uphando luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba lo mlinganiso uhambelana kakhulu nenengozi yengqondo. Ukubala isilinganiso sakho sobunqumla-umlenze, qhathanisa zombini uzinqamlezo zakho kunye neembalo ze-hip, uze uhlule umlinganiselo wesikhumba ngesilinganiselo se-hip. Kubasetyhini, umlinganiselo kufuneka ube ngu-0.8 okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye kumadoda, kufuneka ube ngu-1.0 okanye ngaphantsi. (Oku kuthetha ukuba kubasetyhini kufuneka bancinci ngaphezu kweenyawo, kwaye ngamadoda, isinqindi kufuneka sibe sancinci okanye ifane neenqatha.)
Isilinganiselo esinqeni somlenze sinceda ngenxa yokuba abantu abancinci bebodwa bodwa banokubeka ingozi kumngcipheko. Ngokuthelekisa ukunqumla kwinquma yokukhawulela, unokufumana uphawu olubhetele lokunyanyisa kwesisu.
Yiyiphi Imilinganiselo Eyilungile Ngomngcipheko Wokubikezela?
Akukho mpendulo ecacileyo kulo mbuzo.
I-BMI ngokuqinisekileyo imilinganiselo "yokulinganisa", kuba ngumlinganiselo ophakanyiswe yi-NIH, i-American Heart Association, i-American College of Cardiology, kunye ne-Obesity Society. Ezi ngcebiso, kwakhona, zisekelwe kwiqela elikhulu lophando oluye lwasebenzisa i-BMI ukuba liqikelele iziphumo ze-cardiovascular.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ngelixa i-BMI ilungile kakhulu ekuqikeleleni umngcipheko jikelele kubantu abaninzi, kungenzeka ukuba ayikho imilinganiselo echanekileyo yomntu ngamnye.
Kwakhona, aluqwalaselanga ngokukodwa ukulinganisela kwesisu somntu umntu anokuba nayo.
Ucwaningo oluninzi luye lwabonisa ukuba umlinganiselo webhande lomzimba ungaba nechanekile ngakumbi kuneBMI ekuchazeni isifo senhliziyo. Ngokukodwa, ngelixa i-BMI ihamba phambili ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo, yinto enobuthakathaka obuthathaka xa ezinye izinto ezinobungozi (ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukutshaya, i-cholesterol, ukutya, umsebenzi, kunye negazi) ziqwalaselwa. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye izifundo zibonise umlinganiselo ophakamileyo ophakamileyo olusisigxina sokuba sisifo esiqinileyo sesifo senhliziyo, nangona emva kokuba izibalo zahlengahlengiswa kule miba yengozi.
Ngaphantsi
Ukugqithisa umzimba kubaluleke kakhulu kubungozi beesifo senhliziyo kunye nezimo ezinobulunga njengesifo sikashukela. Umbuzo wendlela engcono ngayo ukulinganisa ukuba ngaba sinzima kakhulu "yinto enhle, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, akunzima kakhulu ukuba sibone.
Oogqirha abaninzi ngoku baxhomekeke ekudibeneyo kwamanyathelo okucebisa izigulane kwiingozi ezichaphazelekayo. Ukuba i-BMI yakho ingama-35 okanye ngaphezulu, yinto eninzi into ofuna ukuyifumana. Yaye ukuba i-BMI yakho ingama-30 ukuya kuma-35, ngaphandle kokuba ungumakhi womzimba okanye olunye uhlobo lomdlali we-muscular, ngokuqinisekileyo ukhuluphele kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba unomlinganiselo "ogqithiseleyo", ukwazi ukuba umlenze wakho okanye umlenze wakho unokukuxelela into ebalulekileyo, ekubeni ukukhuluphala kwamathumbu akubi nakunokuba ubunzima bakho obukhulu abukwibala.
Enye enye inzuzo yesikalo se-okha-to-hip ratio kukuba unokuzivavanya ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokulinganisa nantoni na, kwindawo yangasese kwikhaya lakho. Vele uhlambele kwii-skivvies uze uzibuke kwisibuko, zombini kwintloko kunye nakwiprofayili. Ukuba ulolo lwakho lukhulu kunokuba lube lukhulu kunamacenge akho, unqabile, kwaye ukugqithisa kwakho kuninzi kuncedisa ingozi yakho yempilo yengqondo . Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho, ubunzima bakho yinto oya kuyidinga ukuyilungisa.
Imithombo:
UKM osemthethweni, uCarroll MD, Kit BK, et al. Ubuninzi bokukhuluphala kunye neendlela ekuhanjisweni kwenani lombutho phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US, ngo-1999-2010. JAMA 2012; 307: 491.
Jensen MD, uRyan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 I-AHA / ACC / i-TOS isikhokelo sokulawulwa kokugqithisa nokugqithisa kubantu abadala: ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force kwiZikhokelo zokuSebenza kunye ne-Obesity Society. Ukuhamba ngo-2014; 129: S102.
Coutinho T, Goel K, Correa de Sá D, et al. Ukudibanisa i-index mass mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of death in subjects with coronary disease disease. Indima "yesisindo esisigxina." J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 61: 553-560.