Uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lweMinyaka engaphezu kwama-400
Ngamanye amaxesha uva i- fibromyalgia ebizwa ngokuba yi "fad diagnosis" okanye "isifo esitsha," kodwa inyaniso kukuba i-fibromyalgia ayikude. Inamakhulu eminyaka yembali, enegama elininzi lweenguqu kunye neengcamango ezilahliwe endleleni.
Ngelixa lingazange lithatyathwe luluntu lonyango, kwaye ukwamkelwa kwayo akusoloko kwindalo, i-fibromyalgia ifike ixesha elide kwaye uphando lwangoku luqhubeka lufaka ubungqina bokuba luyingozi ngokwenyama.
I-akhawunti ye-fibromyalgia edlalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ephuma kwiphepha lika-2004 ngabaphengululi uFatma Inanici no-Muhammad B. Yunus. Le mbali yahlanganiswa nomsebenzi wabo kunye nolwazi olutsha kwixesha elishumi elidlulileyo.
Buyela Ekuqaleni - 1592-1900
Ekuqaleni, oogqirha babengenazo iinkcazo ezahlukileyo kuzo zonke iimeko ezibuhlungu esizazi namhlanje. Inkcazo kunye nesigama saqala ngokubanzi kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zancinciwe.
Ngomnyaka we-1592, udokotela waseFransi uGilumeume de Baillou wazisa igama elithi "rheumatism" ukuchaza intlungu ye-musculoskelet eyayingabangeli kwingozi. Le yithuba elibanzi eliya kubandakanya i-fibromyalgia kunye ne-arthritis nezinye izifo ezininzi. Ekugqibeleni, oogqirha baqala ukusebenzisa "i-muscular rheumatism" ngenxa yeemeko ezibuhlungu, ezifana ne-fibromyalgia, engazange ibangele ukubola.
Kwiminyaka amabini anamanci kamva, iingcaciso zisekhona ngokucacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngowe-1815, udokotela ogqirha waseScotland uWilliam Balfour waphawula iigulane kwizicubu ezixubileyo kwaye wachaza ukuba ukuvuvukala kungasemva kweentlobo zeentlanzi kunye nentlungu.
Kwakhona wayengowokuqala ukuchaza amaphupha amathenda (okuza kusetyenziswa kamva ukuxilonga i-fibromyalgia .)
Emva kwamashumi ambalwa emva kamva, udokotela waseFransi uFrancios Valleix wasebenzisa igama elithi "neuralgia" ukuchaza oko wayekholelwa ukuba ubhekiswe intlungu esuka kwiindawo ezihamba phambili ezihambahambayo. Ezinye iingcamango zomhla zazibandakanya ukuphela kweentsholongwane ezingapheliyo okanye iingxaki ngeemisipha ngokwazo.
Ngo-1880, i-American neurologist uGeorge William Beard yaqulunqa i-neurasthenia kunye ne-myelosthenia ukuchaza iintlungu ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nokukhathala nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Wayekholelwa ukuba imeko yayibangelwa uxinzelelo.
1900 - 1975
Ukudalwa kwesigama esithile ngokugqithiseleyo kwagqitywa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Amagama ahlukeneyo ngokugula okufana ne-fibromyalgia:
- myogeloses
- ukuqina komzimba
- fibrositis
I-Fibrositis, eyakhiwe ngo-1904 nguBrithani we-neurologist uSir William Gowers, nguye onamathele. Iimpawu zeGowers ezikhankanywe ziya kubonakala zijwayelene nalabo abane-fibromyalgia:
- intlungu
- novelwano kwiingcinezelo
- ukukhathala
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- novelwano kubanda
- ukugqithisa kweempawu nge-muscle ngaphezulu-usetyenziso
Njengonyango, wacebisa ama-cocaine injections, njengokuba i-cocaine yayisetyenziswe ngamachiza njenge-antichetic.
Ngokomzimba, "i-fibro" ithetha isisombululo esisebenza kunye ne "itis" sithetha ukuvuvukala. Kungekudala emva kokuba uGowers ebeka igama, omnye umphandi wanyathelisa uphando olubonakala luqinisekisa ubungqina beenkolelo zeGowers malunga neendlela zokuvuvukala kwimeko. Oku kwakunceda ukuqinisa i-term fibrositis kwisiqhelo. Okumangalisa kukuba, lo mnye uphando olulandelayo lufunyanwe luba nephutha.
Kwiminyaka ye-1930, inzala ephakanyisiwe kwiintlungu zesisulu ezibhekiselelwe kwithenda / izicwangciso zamatye kunye neetshathi zeepateni zaqala ukubonakala.
Iilenki zengingqi ze-anesthetic zaqhubeka zonyango oluphakanyisiweyo.
I-Fibrositis yayingeyona nto ixilongwa ngokungaqhelekanga emva koko. Iphepha le-1936 lathi i-fibrositis yayiyindlela eqhelekileyo ye-rheumatism engapheliyo. Kwakhona kwathiwa, eBrithani, kubalwa ngamaphesenti angama-60 e-inshorensi yesifo se-rheumatic disease.
Kwakhona kweso sihlandlo, intlungu yeentlungu zesifo se-muscle yaboniswa ngophando. Uphando lweendlela ezibuhlungu luchaza intlungu ejulile kunye ne- hyperalgesia (impendulo ephakamileyo yentlungu) kwaye kungenzeka ukuba ngowokuqala ukubonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-nervous central ibandakanyeke kwimeko.
Ukongezelela, iphepha elibhekiselele kumaphuzu okuqala kunye neentlungu ezithunyelwayo zibeka igama elithi "i- syndromes " yeentlungu zendawo.
Abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba intlungu ebanzi ye-fibrositis ingavela kumntu omnye onamava amaninzi e-syndrome yeentlungu.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yabuya kugxininisa xa oogqirha bebona ukuba amajoni ayenokuba ne-fibrositis. Ngenxa yokuba abazange babonise iimpawu zokuvuvukala okanye ukuguqulwa komzimba, kwaye iimpawu zabonakala zidibene nokuxinezeleka nokuxinezeleka, abaphandi babhala ngokuthi "i-rheumatism yengqondo." Uvavanyo lwe-1937 lwaluphakamisa ukuba i-fibrositis "yimeko engapheliyo ye-psychoneurotic state". Ngaloo ndlela, ingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwenyama kunye nengqondo yazalwa.
UFibrositis waqhubeka nokufumana ukwamkela, nangona oogqirha bebengavumelani ncam. Ngomnyaka we-1949, isahluko malunga nemeko ibonakala kwincwadi yesicatshulwa ye-rheumatology ebizwa ngokuba yi- Arthritis kunye neemeko eziManyeneyo . Yayifunde, "[T] apha akakwazi kusayi kuba naluphi na ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokuba kukho imeko enjalo." Ikhankanyile ezininzi izizathu ezinokwenzeka, kubandakanywa:
- sulelo
- ezibuhlungu okanye ezisebenzayo
- izinto zezulu
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Sekunjalo, iinkcazo zazingenakucacisa ukuba siyazi ngoku njengokuba ziquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo babandakanyeka ukukhathala, iintloko, nokukhathazeka kwengqondo, kodwa ukulala okungazange kuthethwe.
Inkcazo yokuqala ye-fibrositis efana nento esiyiqonda namhlanje njenge-fibromyalgia yafika ngo-1968. Umphengululi wephepha lika-Eugene F. Traut wathi:
- ibhinqa
- ukuguquka nokuqina
- ukukhathala
- intloko
- i-colitis
- ukulala ebuthathaka
- 'uxhalabele'
- Iingongoma zethenda ezifunyenwe ngumvavanyo ngokomzimba
- uxhulumano olubalulekileyo lomzimba
Ngaphandle kwentlungu, waqonda ezinye zeengingqi ezibonakala ngathi ziqhelekileyo, kubandakanywa nento esiyazi ngoku njenge-carpal tunnel syndrome. Wachaza "amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omgudu womgogodla," onokuyibona kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga zanamhlanje: intlungu kwi-axial squke (amathambo entloko, umhombo, isifuba nomgudu) kunye nawo onke amaqhosha amane omzimba.
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, umphandi uHugh A. Smythe wabhala isahluko sencwadi kwi-fibrositis eyayinempembelelo enkulu ekufundeni kwangaphambili kwaye yaholela ekuthiwa ngu "utata omkhulu we-fibromyalgia yanamhlanje." Ukholelwa ukuba nguye owokuqala ukuchaza ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ukuhlula kwi-syndrome yeentlungu zentlungu.
U-Smythe akazange afake kuphela ukulala ebuthakathaka kwiinkcazo kodwa uchaza ukuba ubuthongo obunjani kwizigulane kwaye wanikezela nge- electroencephalogram engabhaliswanga (ukufundwa kokulala) okufunyenwe ukubonisa ukungasebenzi kwi-stage-3 kunye ne-stage-4 yokulala. Ngaphezu koko, wathi ukulala okungapheliyo, ukuxhwaleka kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo konke kunokukhokelela kwimpawu eziphakamileyo.
Uphando olulandelayo luqinisekisile ukungabikho kokulala kunye nokubonisa ukuba ukulala kokulala kungakhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjenge-fibromyalgia kubantu abanempilo.
USmythe wabe esezibandakanya kwiphononongo echazwe bhetele kwaye ephakanyise ukusetyenziswa kwabo ekuxilongweni. Kwakhona kubonisa intlungu engapheliyo, ubuthongo obuphazamisayo , ubunzima bokusa , kunye nokukhathala njengeempawu ezinganceda ukuxilonga imeko.
1976 - Okwangoku
Nangona abaphandi bebeqhuba inkqubela entle, bazange bafumanise ubungqina bokuvuvukala, "itis" kwi-fibrositis. Igama latshintshelwe kuba yi-fibromyalgia: "i-fibro" echaza izicubu ezinxulumene, "yam" isichaza isisu, kwaye "algia" ithetha intlungu.
Sekunjalo, kukho imibuzo eninzi. Iimpawu eziphambili zazingacacanga kwaye ziqhelekileyo kubemi. Oogqirha babengasenaso isibambiso kwi-fibromyalgia.
Emva koko, ukuqhutyelwa kwe-seminical led lead ngu-Muhammed Yunus kwaphuma ngo-1981. Kuqinisekisile ukuba intlungu, ukukhathala nokulala ebuthathaka kwakuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abane-fibromyalgia kunezifundo zokulawula impilo; ukuba inani lamanqaku eethenda lalikhulu kakhulu; kwaye ezinye iimpawu ezininzi ziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi. Ezi zimpawu zongezelelweyo ziquka:
- ukuzithoba
- i-paresthesia (imizwa engaqhelekanga yentsholongwane)
- Iziganeko ezigqithisiweyo ezifana nesifo sengqondo sesifo esilumkileyo (IBS), iintloko zentlungu, kunye nemigraines
Eli phepha lisele ngokwaneleyo leqoqo lezimpawu eziqhelekileyo ukuchaza ngokusemthethweni i-fibromyalgia i-syndrome kunye neendlela zokuqala ezibonakaliswe ukuhlula abo abane-fibromyalgia kwabanye.
Ubutyebi bophando luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba le mpawu kunye nezimo ezigqithisiweyo zihambelana ne-fibromyalgia.
U-Yunus wabukhokelela uphando ngokumisa ingcamango yeemeko eziliqela, eziquka i- dysmenorrhea yokuqala (ixesha elibuhlungu) kunye ne-IBS, intloko yesifo, kunye ne-migraine. Emva koko wayekholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa into yayisisiphazamiseko semisipha, kodwa eso siphakamiso sasiza kubakho kwi -ory of sensitization .
Ukususela kule ngongoma, sinexabiso elikhulu lophando olupapashwe kunye nenkqubela eyenziweyo. Asinakho zonke iimpendulo, kodwa siye safumana ukuqonda okungcono kwezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke emzimbeni wethu.
Intuthuko ebalulekileyo iquka:
- Ngowe-1984 - Ukufunda okokuqala kwanyathelisa ukuxhomekeka kwezinga eliphezulu le-fibromyalgia kulabo abane- arthritis ye-rheumatoid
- 1985 - Ukufundwa kokuqala kokulawulwa kwentombazana ye- fibromyalgia kwanyatheliswa
- Ngo-1986 - Izidakamizwa ezithonya i- serotonin kunye ne- norepinephrin zaboniswa kuqala
- 1990 - Ikholeji yaseMerika yaseRheumatology imisa imigaqo yokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni yentlungu kunye nobubele obuninzi kwizinto ezili-11 ze-18 zeethenda ezithile, ngoko ke kulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokubandakanya uphando kwihlabathi jikelele
- Ngo-1991 - i-Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire eyenzelwe oogqirha ukuba bahlole umsebenzi
- Ngo-1992 - Ukufumanisa ukukhula kwe-hormone ephantsi
- Ngo-1993 - Izifundo zibonisa ukwenziwa kwe-central sensitization kunye ne- HPA axis (umgaqo wokunyamezela) okungavumelekanga
- 1994 - Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphezulu P (isithunywa sentlungu) kwi-cerebrospinal fluid
- Ngo-1995 - Uvavanyo lokuqala lokusasazeka kwe-US lubonisa i-fibromyalgia kwipesenti ezimbini zabemi
- Ngo-1995 - I-SPECT yokuqala (ukucinga ngengqondo) kubonisa iimeko ezingavamile zokuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo
- Ngo-1999 - Ukufunda okokuqala kubonisa i-genetic component ukuba uchaze ukuba kutheni ihlala kwiintsapho
- 2000 - Ukuhlaziywa kobungqina beemali kwixesha eliphakathi lokunciphisa i-syndromes
- 2005 - I-American Pain Society ikhupha izikhokelo zokuqala zokunyanga iintlungu ze-fibromyalgia
- U-2007 - ULyrica (pregabalin) uba ngowokuqala unyango oluvunywe yi-FDA e-US (i- Cymbalta (duloxetine) no- Savella (milnacipran) olulandelayo, ngo-2008 no-2009, ngokulandelanayo
- U-2010 - I-American College yaseRheumatology ikhipha enye indlela yokuxilonga usebenzisa iimibuzo kwiindawo zamatyala
Uphando luye lwaqhubeka lukuncipha ezi ziphumo kunye nokuphakamisa izinto ezintsha ezinokuthi zenzeke. Ezinye iindlela eziqhubekayo zophando ziquka:
- ukuvuvukala kwe-fascia : uphando oluthe lwacetyiswa luye lwacebisa ukuba intlungu ebanzi ye-fibromyalgia inokuba yinto evuthayo, kodwa kwi-web egciniweyo yomzimba wonke we-tissue ebizwa ngokuba yi-fascia
- Iimvenge ezongezelelweyo kwimithanjeni yegazi : uphando olupapashwa kakhulu lubonisa ukushisa okongezelelweyo kunye neentlungu-ukuva iingxaki kwinkqubo yokujikeleza
- i-fiber-neuropathy encinci : ukudibanisa uphando lubonisa ukuba ezinye iimbilini ezikhethekileyo zingonakaliswa
- amajoni omzimba awaqhelekanga: ezinye iindlela zokuphanda zibonisa umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga kwisistim somzimba sokukhusela umzimba esingasichaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omzimba omzimba okanye ukuzimela komzimba , okanye ukusabela okuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-serotonin
Abaphandi abaningana basebenzela ukuseka iinqunjana ze-fibromyalgia, bekholelwa ukuba yinto ephambili yokubethekisa iindlela ezisisiseko kunye nokunyanga okungcono. Ezinye unyango zihlala ziphantsi kophando, kwaye iinjongo eziphambili sele zichonga kunye nokuseka izixhobo zokuxilonga injongo, ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okanye ukukhangela.
ILizwi
Nangona i-fibromyalgia isengayifumananga ukwamukelwa kwindalo yonyango, isondele ngakumbi kunanini ngaphambili. Njengoko uphando luqhubeka lubonisa ukuba luyinyani kunye nempilo, le meko izuza ukuthembeka. Oku kunceda abo bethu bafumane ukuqonda, inhlonipho, kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ukhetho olungcono lwempilo ukuze sikwazi ukufumana ixesha lethu elizayo.
> Imithombo:
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> Behm FG, et al. BMC Clinical Pathology. 2012 Dec 17; 12: 25. Iimpawu ze-Immunologic eziqhelekileyo kwi-Fibromyalgia.
> I-Caro XJ, i-Winter ER. Arthritis & rheumatology. 2014 Apreli 9. [Epub phambi kokuprinta] Ubungqina be-Epidermal Nerve Fiber Ukunyaniseka kwi-Fibromyalgia: Iziphumo zeKlinikhi kunye ne-Immunologicalic Implications.
> I-Caro XJ, i-Winter ER, i-Dumas AJ. Rheumatology. 2008 Feb; 47 (2): 208-11. I-Subset ye-Fibromyalgia Izigulane zifumana iziphakamiso ze-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy kunye neNkcazo yokuphendula kwi-IVIg.
> Inanici F, Yunus MB. Iingxelo ezikhoyo zamandulo kunye neentloko. 2004 Oct; 8 (5): 369-78. Imbali ye-Fibromyalgia: edlulileyo ukuza.
> Oaklander AL, et al. Ubuhlungu. 2013 Nov; 154 (11): 2310-6. Injongo Ubungqina Bokuba i-fiber encinci ye-Polyneuropathy I-Underlying Some illhoods iyalandelwa njenge-Fibromyalgia.
> Smith HS, Harris R, Clauw D. Ugqirha wezinhlungu. Ngo-2011 uMar-Apr; 14 (2): E217-45. I-Fibromyalgia: I-Dislike Processing Disorder eya kwi-Complex Pain Generalized Syndrome.
> Uceyler N, et al. Ubunongo: I-Journal ye-Neurology. 2013 Juni; 136 (Pt 6): 1857-67. I-Small Fiber Pathology kwizigulane nge-Fibromyalgia Syndrome.