Iingqungquthela eziphezulu ze-Condom ezili-10 zinqabile

Imizobo yemigodi esuka kwiminyaka eyi-12 000 eyadlulayo ibangelwa ukubonisa ubungqina bokuqala bokusetyenziswa kwekhondom. Ikondom enkulu kunazo zonke ifunyenwe imihla ukuya ngo-1642. Ngoko ke, kukhuselekile ukutsho ukuba iikhondom ziye zahlala ixesha elide. Ngelishwa, iindlovu zamakhondom ziye zajikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Izizathu zokungagqoki iikhondom kunye neengcamango malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom zimise abantu abaninzi ekusebenziseni le ndlela yokubaluleka kokuzalwa .

Ngokutsho kukaBill Smith, uMlawuli oyiNtloko weSizwe soMbutho we-STD abalawuli,

"Imfundo ekusebenziseni ikhondom ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo, zizinto eziphambili ekunciphiseni iimpazamo zekhondom kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo. Kodwa sisenomsebenzi omkhulu phambi kwethu. Ukuqinisekisa isizwe esinempilo esinezempilo, kufuneka sibambe abantu ngenyani abayidingayo ukwenza ukukhetha okulungileyo ukuzikhusela kunye namaqabane abo. "

Ngoko ke, unolwazi olunjani malunga neikhondom? Nalu uluhlu lweenkolelo eziqhelekileyo ezikholelwa kwiintsomi zekhondomu kunye nenyaniso malunga nale mithi.

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom zihlala zihlala okanye ezinye iifayile zokuThengisa

IQINISO: Iikhondom zibhekwa njengeCandelo II zeZonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuveliswa kweikhondom kulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo, ngoko ke iikhondom kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yemveliso yecandelo lika-FDA ne-FDA. Ama-American kunye nabavelisi bekhondomu bavavanya ngekhompyutha nganye iikhondom kwimigodi kunye nezinye iziphoso. Baqhuba ukuvavanya okongeziweyo kwiikhondom ezingaqhelekanga kwiqela ngalinye (ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya uvavanyo lokuvuza kwamanzi ukufumana izimbobo kunye novavanyo lokuqhuma emoyeni ukujonga ubungqina bekhondom). I-FDA ihlola amaziko okuvelisa iikhondom ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwenza iimvavanyo zabo ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa ikhondom.

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom azikhuseli malunga neengxaki zoxhatshazo lweengculaza njengeClamydia kunye neGonorrhea

IQINISO: Ama-STI afana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, ne-trichomoniasis isasazwa ngokukhutshwa komzimba. Iikhondom zinika ukhuselo olufanelekileyo kwezi zifo kuba ziba ngumqobo, zivimbela iimfihlo ezibangelwa ezi zifo ze-STI. Uphando oluqhutywe ukuhlalutya izifundo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom luxhasa le mabango:

• Iikhondom ziye zaboniswa ukuba zinempumelelo kakhulu ekukhuseleni i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, ne-trichomoniasis; xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangasetyenzisanga iikhondom, abasetyhini abasebenzisa iikhondom bahlala benciphisa ukunyuswa kwe-62% engozini yokuthenga i-gonorrhea kunye nokunciphisa u-26% engozini yokufumana i-chlamydia.
• Ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo nokuchanekileyo kweikhondom okanye iikhondom zowesifazane zidibene nokunciphisa okukhulu kwiimeko ezihlangeneyo ze-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, kunye ne-syphilis kubasetyhini abacingelwa ukuba basengozini enkulu yokufumana ii-STIs.
• Ukuphononongwa kwee-45 zophando zophando lwekhondom kunye ne-gonorrhea kunye / okanye i-chlamydia ukutheleleka kubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iikhondom kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubambisana nezo zifo kwabesilisa nabasetyhini.

Kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweikhondom ukukhusela kulezi zifo zengxaki zengqondo zixhomekeke ngenxa yokunciphisa indlela ekuqhutywe ngayo uphando ngalo mbandela.

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Ingqungquthela yeCondom: Ukusebenzisa iiKomondari ezimbini zinika ukhuselo olungcono kunokuba linye

IQINISO: Nangona kubonakala ngathi kunengqiqo, iikhondom "ezimbini" zilingani nakakhulu ukukhuselwa. Enyanisweni, lo mkhuba unokwenza ukuba iikhondom ziphumelele. Xa iikhondom ezimbini zisetyenzisene kunye, ukuxubana okungakumbi kunokuvela phakathi kwabo; oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba enye okanye zombini iikhondom iyakrazula. Akufanele nje kuphela ukusebenzisa ikhondom enye ngexesha, kodwa ikhondom yesilisa ayifanele isetyenziswe nekhondom yabesifazane (ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo).

• Ngaba iikhompyutyana ezingcono kunye?

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom zeLatesx ziphela kuphela iikondom eziphumelelayo

IQINISO: Le ngqungquthela yinto ekhohlisayo njengoko kuxhomekeke kwindlela ochaza ngayo. Kukho iintlobo ezine zeekondom zesilisa: i-latex, i- polyurethane , i- polyisoprene , kunye nemvelo / i-lambskin . I-FDA ivunyile i-latex, i-polyurethane, kunye ne-polyisoprene ikhondom ukuze isebenze ekukhuseleni ukukhulelwa kunye nokukhusela i-STIs. Kwiimvavanyo zesebhu, iikhondom i-polyurethane ziboniswe ukuba ziyimingcipheko ephumelelayo ngokumelene nesilisa kunye ne-STIs njengemikhondom ye-latex. Kodwa, kukho inkxalabo yokuba ngohlobo oluthile, "okwenene", iikhondom i-polyurethane ingenakho ukunika inani elifanayo lokusebenza njengemikhondom ye-latex. Oku kubangelwa ukuba iikhondom i-polyurethane ayinjalo njenge-elastic and looser-fiter than condoms, ngoko ke le khondom inokuthi ikwazi ukuphula okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngexesha lokulala. Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neekondomu ze-latex, iikhondom i-polyurethane ziphindwe kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ziphule ngexesha lesini.

Iikhondom zeWundskin ziqulethe amancinci amancinci. Iilonda zincinci kakhulu ukuze inambuzane iphumelele, ngoko ke le khondom iyasebenza ekukhuseleni ukukhulelwa; Nangona kunjalo, iibhaktheriya / iintsholongwane ezibangelwa i-STI zingadlulela kule mihlaba. Ngoko, iikhondom ze-lambskin azikhuseli kwizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo.

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Ingqungquthela yamangqangi: Ubungqingili beekhondom Akunanto

IQINISO: Xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni iikhondom, ubukhulu benza umehluko. Ekubeni ubukhulu bepenisi buyahluka, ukusebenzisa iikhondom ezichanekileyo kubalulekile. Ukuze kusebenze kakuhle, ikhondom kufuneka ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo. Ukungasebenzi kakubi kwekhondom kuya kwenzeka xa usebenzisa ikhondom engafanelekanga - iikhondom ezincinci / ezinqamlekileyo zinokuthi zenzeke ngakumbi xa iikhondom ezinkulu / ezikhululekile zinokuthi zenzeke.

• Ngaba Ubunzima beCondom bubaluleke kakhulu?
• Indlela yokulinganisa ubukhulu bePenis
• Umtya weKondom

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikondom zinokunikela Ngomnye ukhuselo malunga neengxaki zoxhatshazo, kodwa ayikho i-HIV

IQINISO: Uphando luyaqhubeka kwaye lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iikhondom zinika umqobo okhuselekileyo malunga ne-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela i-AIDS. Ukusebenza kwezikhondom ze-latex zokuthintela ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kuye kwasungulwa ngokwesayensi kwizifundo zebhubhoratri kunye nakwizinto zangempela zobomi bebini ezitshatileyo. Kufunyenwe ukuba phakathi kwezibini ezithandana nomfazi kunye nenye iqabane elichaphazelekayo ne-HIV, ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom okuqhubekayo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwe-HIV kumadoda ukuya kubafazi kunye nakwabesifazana ukuya kubayeni. Ukuphononongwa kweengcaphephe zophando lwekhondom ezifumene ukuba kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom, ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ezithembekileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko jikelele wokudluliselwa kwe-HIV ngo-80-87%.

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom zinokubangela umonakalo ngakumbi kunokuba zilungile

IQINISO: Njengawo nawuphi na isigqibo sokukhusela , kubalulekile ukuba uqikelele inzuzo yolawulo lokuzalwa ngokubhekiselele kwingozi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iikhondom akufanele zibenzakalise okanye zichaphazele impilo yakho. Le ngqungquthela ithetha ngakumbi kubantu abangenayo imiba ethile yempilo kunye nezixube kwiikhondom okanye i-lubrication yekhondom. Iikhondom zeLatex azinakuba yinto ekhethekileyo xa ukhe ufikelele ekupheleni kwexesha. Ngomgca ofanayo, ezinye zezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca iikhondom (ezifana neparabens, glycerin, okanye spermicide ) ziye zaboniswa ukuba zenze iingxaki ezithile zempilo kwabanye abantu. Ukuba unengxaki kulezi zithako, unokwenza uphando lwakho ukuze ubone ukuba zisetyenziselwa kukukhangela kwikhondom oyithandayo.

• Ukubuza ukuba Ziyiphi iikhondom ezenziweyo?

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom aziphumelelanga ekukhuseleni ukukhulelwa

IQINISO: Xa isetyenziswe kakuhle kwaye nonke ixesha ulala ngesondo, iikhondom zi-98%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ku-2 kwabasetyhini abangama-100 abasebenzisana nabo ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa iikhondom baya kukhulelwa kunyaka wokuqala wokusetyenziswa kwekhondom. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ngokuqhelekileyo, iikhondom ziyimisebenzi engama-85% (ngoko-15 kwabafazi abangama-100 abasebenzisana nabo ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa iikhondom baya kukhulelwa kunyaka wokuqala).

Ezi manani zinokukwenza ukholwe ukuba iikhondom azisebenzi kakuhle. Gcinani engqondweni, ukuba ngaphandle kwekhondom iphule okanye iinyembezi, ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kufaka iiphene zekhondomu eziqhelekileyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ungasebenzisi ikhondom rhoqo xa ulala ngesondo.
• Ukungasebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo ikhondom (ukuyibeka engalunganga / ngaphakathi, ungagqoki ikhondom ixesha lonke - uyibeke ngokukhawuleza / uyisuse ngokukhawuleza, ungagqoki ikhondom efanelekileyo).
• Ukusebenzisa iikhondomu eziphelile.
• Ukuvula ipakethe yekhondom ngenjongo ebukhali okanye ukubethelela ikhondom ngamaconnil okanye ubucwebe.
• Ukusebenzisa iikhondom ezingagcinwanga kakuhle .
• Ukungasebenzisi i -lubricant -based based or based silicone .
• Ukusebenzisa iikhondom.

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Inkohlakalo yam: Iikhondom Ukunikezela Akukho Khuselo ngokubhekiselele kwi-Skin-to-Skin I-STI

IQINISO: Ii-STIs ezifana ne-herpes, i-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) kunye neentlobo ze-warts zomzimba zisasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lolusu. Iikhondom ziye zaboniswa ukukhusela kulezi zifo xa ikhondom ifihla isikhumba esiphelele .

Herpes / HSV-2

• Uphando olwenziwa ngamabhangqa apho umntu omnye one-HIV ye-herpes simplex ye-2 (HSV-2), ikhondom isebenzisa amadoda namabhinqa akhuselweyo ngamabhinqa amasha olutsha lwe-HSV-2.
• Ubungqina obukhulayo bubonisa ukuba iikhondom zinikela ngokukhuseleka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-HSV-2. Idatha ibonisa ukuba kukho ukunyuka kwe-3.6% kwiingxaki zokuthengisa i-herpes (HSV-2) ngesenzo ngasinye esingavinjelwe ngokwesondo, ukunyuka kwe-2.7% kwimiba yokubamba i-herpes xa kuthengiswa ngamakhondom, kwaye akukho kwanda kwengozi ye-herpes xa iikhondom zazihlala zihamba ngesondo.

HPV

• Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kudibaniswa nokuphulukiswa ngokukhawuleza kwezilonda ezinxulumene ne-HPV kunye neepenile kunye nexesha elincinci lokusuleleka kwe-HPV kwabasetyhini.
• Uphando luyabonisa ukuba amathuba omfazi wokufumana i-HPV eyancipha kakhulu njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kuyenyuka. Xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abasebenzisana nabo abasebenzisa iikhondom ezingaphantsi kwama-5% eentlanganiso zesini, abafazi abasebenzisana nabo iikhondom ubuncinane isiqingatha sexesha babenomngcipheko ophantsi we-HPV, kunye nabasetyhini abasebenzisana nabo neekondom 100% ingozi engama-70%.

Iimfazwe zomzimba zibangelwa yi-HPV. Iikhondom zinokunceda ukuhlawula umngcipheko wokusulela ulwaphulo lomzimba kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wesibeleko ehambelana ne-HPV ukuba indawo enesifo ifakwe ikondom. Iikhondom azikwazi ukukhusela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-HPV okanye i-HSV-2 kuba kusekho ukunxibelelana kwesikhumba nomnxeba.

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Inkohlakalo yamakhondom: Iikondom azikhuseli kwaye zinzima ukuyisebenzisa

IQINISO: Amakhondom amaninzi anemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo (njengokufudumala okutshisayo / ukubethelwa kweengqungquthela kunye neengqungquthela / ezinqamlekileyo) ezinokwenene zenza ulonwabo lube lunolwazi kubo bobabini nabasetyhini. Ukuba ikhondom ayinakukhathazeka ngenxa yokuba inzima kakhulu, kukho ubukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zeikhondom ezinokunikela ngokulungelelanisa nokulungele ukulungelelanisa. Njengoko naluphi na ukuziphatha okutsha, ekuqaleni, kufuneka usebenzise ukukhangela ikhondom ngokuchanekileyo .

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yayazi indlela yokugqityula ikhondom. Umgaqo omhle wesohlwayo kukuba iikhondom kufuneka ihambe njengentsimbi (ayifuni ikhefu yeshazi); kufuneka ube lula ukuwususa phantsi - ngaphandle kokuba unamathele iminwe yakho ngaphakathi kuwo ukuze uhlawule. Nangona kunjalo, ngomsebenzi omncinci, iikhondom zilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa, kwaye izibini zingabandakanya iindlela ezinobomi zokubeka ikhondom kumdlalo wabo wesondo. Kukho iikhondom eziye zenzelwe ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba uzibeka ngendlela echanekileyo (njengeSondom zeSensis ).

• Indlela Yokubeka Iikomondom Ngomlomo Wakho

> Imithombo:

> Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. "Ukusebenza kwamakhondom ekukhuseleni izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo." I-World Lion Organ 2004; 82: 454-461.

> "I-Nonlatex neLatex Condoms: Update." Ingxelo yoNyango (Ulwaphulo lwe-Contraception) 2003 ngo-Septemba; 14 (2): 10-13.

> Sanchez J, Campos PE, Courtois B, Gutierrez L, uCarrillo C, Alarcon J, Gotuzzo E, Hughes J, Watts D, Hillier SL, Buchanan K, Holmes KK. "Ukuthintela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) kubasebenzi besini besini: Ukuhlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo kwekhondomu nokuqinisa iinkonzo ze-STD." UkuThatshazwa koSondo ku-Disemba 2003; 30 (4): 273-279. Kufumaneka ngokubhalisa kwangasese.

> Stanaway JD, Wald A, Martin ET, Gottlieb SL, Magaret AS. Uhlalutyo lwe-crossover lwamakhondomu nokusetyenziswa kwegciwane lohlobo lwe-herpes simplex 2. I-Transm Dis ye-2012 ngoMeyi; 39 (5): 388-393.

> Warner L, Stone KM, Macaluso M, Buehler JW, Austin HD. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kunye nomngcipheko we-gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia: Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo koyilo kunye nemilinganiselo ehlolwayo kwizifundo ze-epidemiology. " UkuThatyalaliswa koSondo ka-2006; 33: 36-51. Kufumaneka ngokubhalisa kwangasese.

> I-Weller SC, i-Daver-Beaty K. "Ikhondom ukusebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-HIV." I-Cochrane Database yeZiko eziPhezulu zoPhando 2002, Inkcazo 1. Ubugcisa. Hayi: CD003255.

> Winner RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Holmes KK, Koutsky LA. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kunye nomngcipheko wesifo sengqondo somzimba we-papillomavirus kwabasetyhini abaselula. " I-New England Journal of Medicine, 2006, 354 (25): 2645-2654.