Ukwahlula amaNqaku kwiiNkcazo eziPheleleyo
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-35 yophando lwe-epidemiological ne-biomedical, umbuzo wokuba unokufumana i-HIV kwisini somlomo uhlala udideka kubantu abaninzi. Ngoko ke siqale ngokuhlula ama-hypotheticals kwiinkcukacha ezinzima kunye namanani.
Ukuba ucela umntu angenayo i-HIV kwisini somlomo, impendulo ethembekileyo kuya kufuneka ibe yinto engenakwenzeka. Okona kuninzi, isondo ngomlomo-mhlawumbi ngokwe-fallatio (ngomlomo-penile), i-cunnilingus (ngomlomo-isisu), okanye i-anilingus (ngomlomo-umlomo) -yindlela engcono yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV .
Xa kuthethwa oko, igama elithi "lingenza" libonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba abaninzi banzima ukuxosha.
Umngcipheko we-Theoretic and Documented
Nanini na xa kuxubusha ingozi ye-HIV, kubalulekile ukuhlula phakathi kwengozi ye-theoretic neyobhaliweyo. Umngcipheko okhutshwe ngumbhalo usekelwe kwinani langempela lamatyala apho i-HIV ingatshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisenzo somzimba wesondo. Kwaye, xa ukhangele ngelo lensi, umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngesondo ngomlomo kuphantsi kakhulu . Akunjalo, mhlawumbi, kodwa ujikeleza kuyo.
Enyanisweni, ngokwesifundo esivela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia yaseSan Francisco kwiziko le-AIDS Prevention Studie, amathuba okusulelwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngokusebenzisa isondo lomlomo olungakhuselekanga, lwaba ne-statistically zero, nangona abaphandi beye beza kudibanisa ukuba "asikwazi ukulawula ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukhuseleko lukhulu kunene. "
Ngombono ngamnye, kukho izinto ezininzi kunye neemeko ezinokunyusa ingozi yomntu, ngamanye amaxesha.
Ngokuqonda kunye nokuchonga ezi zinto, unokwenza ngcono, ukhetho olunolwazi malunga nempilo yesondo nawe kunye neqabane lakho.
Umngcipheko oqikelelweyo ngohlobo lwezesondo zomlomo
Ubuncwane bokudlulisa i-HIV ngokusebenzisa isondo ngomlomo kuxhomekeka kakhulu ngohlobo loqhagamshelwano olubandakanyekayo. Ukubeka eceleni zonke ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane kunokutshintsha ngokubhekiselele ekubeni umntu ongenasifo unokwenza okanye ufumana isondo ngomlomo.
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, umngcipheko unokugijima ukusuka kwipesenti ye-zero ukuya kwipesenti enye, ngokutsho kophando oluvela kwiLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Nangona kunjalo, loo manani angatshintsha xa ucinga ngeendlela ezithile zokuziphatha ngesondo.
Phakathi kwabo
- Ukuthobela i-fallatio , oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ongeyenasuleleko wenza isondo somlomo ngomlingani wesilisa kunye ne-HIV, uthathwa njengengozi ephantsi. Phakathi kwezibini ze-serodiscordant (apho omnye umlingani engekho i-HIV kunye nomnye ulungile), uphando lubonisa ukuba umngcipheko uphawula enye iipesenti ngaphaya kwexesha lokuphila lolwalamano. Phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) , isenzo sengozi ngasinye sinomngcipheko kwi-0.04%.
- I- downeration fallatio ("ukufumana i-blowjob") ayinakuncipha kakhulu ukuba i-enzyme ematheni ingakwazi ukunciphisa nantoni na iincinci ezincinci ezinokuba zikhona. Ngaphandle kwendlala engcolileyo yegazi, akukafuneka kubekho ityala lokukhuselwa kolu hlobo.
- I-Cunnilingus iphinde ibonakalise indlela engalindelekanga enikezelweyo yokuba akuzange kubekho ityala elibhalwe ngumfazi okanye iqabane lakhe ukuthatha i-HIV emva kokufumana okanye ukunika isondo ngomlomo.
- I-Anilingus ("i-rimming") iphinda ithathwa njengobungozi obunobuncwane, ngokukodwa kumlingane owamkelayo. Kwakhona, akuzange kubekho iimeko ezixeliweyo zokufumana i-HIV emva kokugxotha umlingane ogulayo nge-HIV.
Nangona la manani acetyisa ukuba umngcipheko we-HIV uphantsi kobubanzi bemihlaba, okungafanelekanga ukuba kungabonakali ngokusesikweni kumntu ngamnye. Kuyacaca ukuba, ubuninzi obunobungozi obunakho, umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwephepha uza kuba
Izinto ezongeziweyo zobungozi
Mhlawumbi inye, into ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni amathuba okusuleleka yintsholongwane yintsholongwane yentsholongwane yentsholongwane. Ukubeka nje, ukuphakama kwe- HIV umthamo wentsholongwane , ukukhutshwa komzimba xa umntu. Ngokwahlukileyo, umthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakali uhambelana nobungozi obusondeleyo.
Kukho ezinye zezinto ezinokuchaphazela umngcipheko:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa komzimba ngexesha lokwabelana ngomzimba ngesondo kucatshangelwa ukuba lukhuphe ngaphezu kwesondo lomlomo ngaphandle kokunyuka, nangona kungekho bukho ubungqina bokuthi u-ejaculation yiyona nto yodwa yentsholongwane.
- Ukutyunjwa, izibilini okanye izilonda emlonyeni womntu unokunikela ngeendlela zokuhambisa. Kule nto iphelile, impilo entle yamazinyo kufuneka ibonwe ukuze incedise ukunciphisa isifo sesisu kunye nezinye izifo zomlomo.
- Izifo ezithile ezithathelwana ngesondo, ezifana ne-syphilis ne-gonorrhea, zingabangela izilonda zesilonda okanye zinciphise izicubu ezincinci ze-mucosal zesini okanye i-anus. Izifo ezifana nalezi zinokuthi zingabonakali, ingakumbi ukuba zikhona emqaleni, kwisigxina okanye kwi-rectum.
- Izilonda okanye izilonda ezisuka kwiintsholongwane ezinxulumene ne-HIV ezinjenge-candidiasis okanye i-herpes simplex nazo zingonakalisa ukuthembeka kwe-mucosal yomlomo nomqala. Ngokuthatha unyango lwe-HIV , umngcipheko walezi zifo kunye nezifo zomlomo zingancitshiswa kakhulu.
- Ukugxininisa kwe-HIV kumanzi omzimba kungaphinda kwandiswe ngexesha lokuya esikhathini, njengoko iiseli ezithwala i-HIV zityhalalwa emlonyeni wesibeleko. Oku kuya kwenzeka xa umntu efumana i-urethritis, ukuvuvukala okunzima okungakwandisa ukutyhala kwintsholongwane kumntu onomthwalo ongenakulinganiswa wentsholongwane.
Iindlela zokunciphisa ingozi
Ngokucacileyo, indlela engcono yokunciphisa ingozi yokusuleleka kukukhusela isondo esilondekileyo . Oku kuyinyani ngokukhethekileyo ukuba unamaqabane amaninzi eentlobano zesini okanye ungaqinisekanga ngempilo yecala lomlingani wesini. Ezi ziquka iikhondom kunye namagumbi angamazinyo kulabo ababandakanyekayo kwi-cunnilingus okanye i-anilingus.
Kukho izicwangciso ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zinciphise umngcipheko:
- Ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo, ukuqala nokugcina ukunamathela kwi- antiretroviral therapy kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokudlulisa intsholongwane kwabanye. Isicwangciso, esaziwa njengonyango njengendlela yokuthintela (iTraP) , iboniswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo soxhatsha phakathi kwabalingani be-serodiscordant ngama-96 ekhulwini.
- Ukuba ungegciwane le-HIV, unokucela ugqirha wakho ukuba anikeze i- HIV ngaphambi kokutshatyalaliswa kweprophylaxis (PrEP) , unyango olulodwa lwemihla ngemihla oluya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwi-90%.
- Ukuhlolisiswa rhoqo kwe-HIV kunconywa kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokusuleleka, kuqukwa ne-MSM, ukusebenzisa i-drug user s, kunye nabantu abanamaqela amaninzi ezesondo. Izicatshulwa ze-STD zexesha elidlulileyo nazo zinconywa.
Ekugqibeleni, unxibelelwano lufana nokuphepha kwexesha elide le-HIV. Ingaba unesifo se-HIV okanye unge-HIV, ingozi enkulu ivela ekushiyekeni izinto ezingenakucatshulwa. Funda kabanzi ngeendlela zokuxoxisana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo okanye indlela yokuchaza isimo sakho se-HIV kumntu othandana naye.
Imithombo:
Baggaley, R .; White, R .; kunye noBuily, M. "Ukuhlaziywa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-orogenital HIV-1." International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008; 37 (6): 1255-1265. INGXELO: 10.1093 / ije / dyn151.
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "Izimpawu ezibalulekileyo: Ukukhusela i-HIV ngoNonophelo kunye noNyango - eMerika." Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). Disemba 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
> Amatye, uL .; Chahroudi, A .; Chen, H .; okqhubekayo. "I-Mural Influenced Immune Environment and Transal Transmission of HIV / SIV." Immunol Rev. 2013; 254 (1). INGXELO: 10.1111 / imr.12078.