GP 120, GP 41, kunye ne-GP 160
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane. Oko kwenza ukuba ihluke kwezinye i- retrovirus ezininzi. Akunalo nje iprotheni yengubo. Endaweni yoko, xa i-HIV ishiya isityeli esithatha inxaxheba ithatha inxalenye yelungu le-plasm membrane nayo. Ingqungquthela yomlenze iba yivulophu ye-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, imvulophu ye-HIV ayikwenziwe kuphela ngamalungu avela kumphathi. Kwakhona zenziwe ngamaprotheni e-HIV.
Iiprojekithi ze-envelope ze-HIV ziquka gp 41, gp 120, kunye ne-gp 160.
IGP imele "i-glycoprotein". I-Glycoproteins ine-carbohydrate, okanye ishukela, izixhobo kunye ne-protein ye-backbone. Inombolo emva kwe-gp ibhekisela kubude beeprotheni.
Qaphela: Azikho zonke i-glycoproteins ezidibene neentsholongwane. Uninzi lweeprotheyini ezibalulekileyo kumajoni omzimba kunye ne-glycoproteins. Ngoko zininzi ezinye iiprotheni ezitholakalayo emzimbeni womntu.
Iiprotheyini gp 120 mhlawumbi iyona eyaziwayo kakhulu kwiiprojekithi ze-HIV. Izigulane ezininzi zegciwane le- HIV ziye zazama ukukujolisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekubopheleleni i-HIV kumaseli e-CD4 . Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuba banokuphazamisa ngempumelelo i-gp 120 yokubopha, baya kuba nako ukunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwe-HIV.
Ukongeza kwi-gp 120, i-gp 41 nayo ibalulekile ekuncedeni ukungena kwe-HIV kumaseli ahambileyo. Inceda umlenze wentsholongwane kunye nefomfane yefom membrane. Le nxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokusulela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimbini ezimbini kukuqala ukukhupha i-RNA ye-viral kwi-cell ukuphindaphinda.
Enyanisweni, i-fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide isebenza ngokuphazamisa i-gp 41. I-Gp 41 yiprotheyini egcina i-gp 120 inamathele kwimvulophu yentsholongwane. Uhlala kwi-membrane kwaye ibophezela kwi-gp 120. I-GP 120 ayinamathele kwimvulophu ngqo.
I-GP 160 ayikho inxalenye yesithathu yeprojekthi ephepheni ye-HIV.
Esikhundleni salo, i-gp 160 yi-prepressor ye-gp 120 kunye ne-gp 41. Iproteinyini enkulu ikhowudi ye- env (imvulophu). Ikwahlulwa kwinqanaba elincinci ngama-enzymes kwiseli yommkeli - 120 + 41 = 161. (I-GP 160 ngamanye amaxesha ibhekiselwa kuye ngokwahlukileyo kwi-gp 120 kunye ne-gp 41. Nangona kunjalo, oko kudukisa.)
Inxaxheba ekungeneni kwe-HIV kunye ne-Infectivity
Iiprojekithi ze-envelope ze-HIV zinendima ebalulekileyo ekungeneni kwe-HIV kunye nokunyanzelisa. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuselweni nasekunyangeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthakazelisayo, isihloko seeprotheni ze-envelope zeprojekthi zivame ukuvela kwiingxoxo zokuvavanya i-HIV. Ngokomzekelo, i- Western Blot ayicatshangwanga ukuba iyicatshulwa ngokucacileyo kwi-HIV ngaphandle kokuba umntu uneengqungquthela ezinxamnye neeprovinsi ze-HIV kunye neiprotheyini zentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Kukho ukukhathazeka malunga nokuba iimvavanyo zokugonya i-HIV zingathintela njani iindlela zokuvavanya. Inani elikhulayo labantu abathathe inxaxheba kulezi zilingo kunokukhokelela kwiimvavanyo zentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Iigonti zivame ukucwangciswa ukwenza umzimba wenze ama-antibodies malunga nama-proteins athile, afana neeprotheyini ze-envelope ze-HIV. Ekubeni loo maqhinga e-antibodies ayenayo i-RNA engeyiyo i-RNA yokuhlola i-HIV, ingakhokelela ekukhohliseni ubuxoki.
Le nto enye into yokuba umntu uthembele kuphela xa avelisa amanqindi aphezulu kumaprotheni anganceda ukukhusela.
Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kwilingo lokugonywa kwe-HIV, xela ugqirha wakho. Kufuneka ugcine neengxelo eziqapheleyo zokuthatha inxaxheba. Kungenzeka ukuba inkqubo yokuhlola i-HIV ayiyi kuphinda ichaneke kuwe.
Umthombo:
Cooper CJ, Metch B, Dragavon J, Coombs RW, Baden LR; I-NIAID Intsholongwane yeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo (HVTN) I-Vacuum-Serucositivity (Indlebe). I-HIV-induced proopositivity / reactivity kwi-vaccine yokungena-HIV. JAMA. 2010 Julayi 21; 304 (3): 275-83.