Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV
Ukuvavanya i-HIV ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinkqubo yamanyathelo amaninzi. Uvavanyo lokuqala lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvavanya ukuvavanya . Iimvavanyo eziphakamileyo zokuvavanya zenzelwe ukufumanisa izifo ezinokutheleleka nge- HIV ezinokwenzeka. Olu vavanyo lokuqala luyalandelwa lulunye okanye ngaphezulu kweemvavanyo ezizodwa ukulawula ukuba kungenzeka ukuxilongwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ngokomlando, iimeko eziqhelekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezizodwa ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngokuqinisekileyo kukuhlolwa kwe-blot yaseNtshona.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zokuqinisekisa ezingasetyenziswa ngokunjalo.
Uvavanyo lweNtshona blot lusebenza njani?
Iimvavanyo zee-blots zaseNtshona ziyaziwa njengeprotein ze-immunoblot. Ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iiprotheni ezithile kwiisampuli. Inkqubo ebalulekileyo ye-Western blot ibandakanya ukuhlenga amaprotheni ngobude kwi-gel. Emva koko loo gridi ixutywa ngamagciwane asebenzayo kwiiprotheni ezithile ezicatshulwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa iiblothi zaseNtshona zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-HIV , le nkqubo iyenziwa ngokwenene. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimvavanyo zentsholongwane yaseNtshona, iiprotheni ezingaziwa zifunwa ngamayeza omzimba . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwe-blot test, oososayensi basebenza ngeesampuli ezilungiselelwe ii-proteins ze-HIV kwaye bajonge ukuba babone naziphi na izifo zamanzi kwigazi lomntu onamathele kubo.
I-Western blot test tests i-HIV ngokuqhelekileyo ibheka ama-antibodies ngokuphathelele ezi proteins ezilandelayo ze-HIV:
- Iiprotheyini ezivela kwiimvulophu ye- HIV: gp41, kunye ne-gp120 / gp160.
- Iiprotheyini ezivela kwingundoqo yesifo: p17, p24, p55
- Ii-enzymes ezisebenzisa i-HIV kwinkqubo yesifo: p31, p51, p66
Ukuze umntu athathwe njenge-HIV, kufuneka abe ne-antibodies enye yeprojekthi zeprovilo kunye neyodwa yeeprotheni eziphambili, okanye enye ye-enzymes.
Ukuba umntu unamagciwane anxamnye neentlobo zamaprotheni, iziphumo zabo zivame ukuba zithathwa njengezingagqibekanga. I-algorithm echanekileyo yokumemezela umphumo ogqithisileyo onokungafaniyo kwi-test nganye ye-blot test yaseNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zihlala zinciphisa umngcipheko wovavanyo olubuxoki oluchukumisa umntu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Iziphumo ze-blot zentsholongwane zaseNtshona zingabonakalisa uphawu olutsha lwe-HIV . Ezi ziphumo zolu vavanyo nazo ziyakwenzeka xa abantu bevelele okanye banesifo kunye nezinye i- retroviruses , ezifana ne- HTLV . Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umntu onentsholongwane ye-HIV engagqithanga uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngokwenene unentsholongwane kaGawulayo, uvavanyo lwayo lwe-Western blot luya kuba luchanekile emva kokuba ixesha elide lidlule.
Iimvavanyo zentsholongwane zaseNtshona zisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo zokuqinisekisa kunokuba zibe ziimvavanyo zeprayimari, kuba zincinci ngaphezu kovavanyo lokuqala lwe- ELISA okanye iimvavanyo zokuhlola i- RNA . Oko kuthetha ukuba abanako ukufumana intsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zentsholongwane zaseNtshona zisoloko zincinci ukunika isiphumo sokuvavanya esiphuculisayo xa sisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bokuqala bokuvavanya.
Ukuba uye waxelelwa ukuba Unayo uvavanyo lweNtsholongwane yaseNtshona
Ukuxelelwa ukuba uvavanyo lwe-blot yaseNtshona luyinto engapheliyo ingabangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kubantu abahlolwayo nge-HIV.
Kukho isibalo sezizathu ezingahambelani nokuvezwa kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO okungabangela umphumo onjalo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-blot zase-Western ezingapheliyo bavame ukucetyiswa ukuba bafune ukuvavanywa kwakhona, mhlawumbi okanye emva kwexesha elidlule.
Ukujonga kwakhona ngokukhawuleza ukujonga ukuba kukho iphosakele ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-Western blot. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukulinda inyanga okanye ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokubuyiselwa kuvumela ukuba ixesha lomzimba lomntu lenze ama-antibodies ezongezelelekileyo malunga ne-HIV antigens, ukuba ngaba sele sele isulelekile nge-HIV.
Ukubuya kwakhona kuya kudla ukulungisa isicatshulwa se-Western blot esingenakunyulwa kwisiphumo esihle okanye esibi .
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo ziyaqhubeka nokuthumela iimpawu zokudideka, oogqirha bangadinga ukutshintshwa ukuze basebenzise ezinye iindlela zokuqwalasela ukuba ngaba unesifo se-HIV. Akukho vavanyo olulodwa lwe-HIV olufanelekileyo kuyo yonke imeko.
Imithombo:
UGuan M. Ukuphindaphinda, izibangela, kunye nemingeni emitsha yeziphumo ezingapheliyo kwi-Western blot yokuvavanya ukuqinisekiswa kweengqungquthela kwisifo sengculaza somntu. Ukhuseleko lweKliniki Immunol. 2007 Juni; 14 (6): 649-59.
> Huang J, Wang M, Huang C, Liang B, Jiang J, Ning C, Zang N, Chen H, Liu J, Chen R, Liao Y, Yei L, Liang H. I-Extensive Logistic Registic Model Model ye-Identification Ulwaphulo lwe-HIV-1 lwakutsha nje: Uthembiso lwe-HIV-1 olujongene neNgcaciso yeeNdawo eziNcinci. Biom Res Res. 2018 Jan 14; 2018: 4390318. i-doi: 10.1155 / 2018/4390318.
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> Pandori MW, Westheimer E, Gay C, Moss N, Fu J, Hightow-Weidman LB, Craw J, Hall L, Giancotti FR, Mak ML, Madayag C, Tsoi B, Louie B, Patel P, Owen SM, Peters PJ . I-Multispot i-test ye-differentiation ye-HIV-1 / HIV-2 ngokukhawuleza inokufaniswa ne-Western blot kunye nesilingo sokungaxilwanga kwe-immunofluorescence ekuqinisekiseni intsholongwane kaGawulayo ekufundeni kwimimandla emithathu yase-United States. J Clinic Virol. 2013 Dec; 58 Isibonelelo 1: e92-6. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2013.10.006.