Ukuvavanya i-HIV kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbini. Okokuqala, uvavanyo oluphambili lwenziwa. Ukuba kulungile, ngoko uvavanyo luphindwaphindwa ukuze lukhangele iipositi zobuxoki . Ukuba uvavanyo oluphambili luyinto emihle kabini, ngoko isampuli ivavanywa ngeyesibini, uvavanyo oluthile lokuqinisekisa . Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuqiniseka ukuba uvavanyo oluphambili aluphendulwanga ngosulelo ngaphandle kwe-HIV.
Iintlobo zeeNtsholongwane zentsholongwane kaGawulayo zisetyenziselwa ukudibana
Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokucinga ngazo iintlobo zeemvavanyo ze-HIV .
Enye indlela ukujonga iindlela iindlela zokuhlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zisebenza. Enye indlela ukujonga indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV zisetyenziswa ngayo. Iimvavanyo eziprayimari zisetyenziselwa ukujonga nayiphi na uphawu lwe-HIV. Iimvavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga iimphumo zeziphumo eziphambili. Injongo yale nkqubo kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungafumani ngokuchanekileyo umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwe-HIV oluPrayimari
- I-EIA okanye i-Enzyme Immune Assay: Olu vavanyo lukhangele i-antibodies kwi-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, kunemida yayo. Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuvelisa iintsholongwane ezichasene ne-HIV kwiiveki ezingama-6 ukuya ku-12 zentsholongwane. Kodwa abanye abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bangathatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuvelisa izixhobo zokulwa nezifo ezaneleyo ukuba bavavanywe kakuhle kwi-EIA. Ngako oko lo vavanyo aluncedo kubantu abatsha abatshalelekileyo . Ngolu vavanyo, umntu osandul 'usuleleke ngeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO akayi kuvavanya. Nangona kunjalo, banokudlula i-HIV kwabanye abantu. Basenokuthi banokusuleleka.
- ELISA okanye i-Enzyme-Linkedun Immunosorbent Assay: Olu vavanyo lufana ne-EIA. Ikhangele izinto ezifanayo, kodwa isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithako.
- I-PCR okanye i- Polymerase Chain Reaction : Olu vavanyo lisebenzisa iteknoloji ukukhulisa i-RNA egazini kwigazi. Ngamanye amagama, yenza iikopi ezininzi ze-RNA. Oku kuvumela i-RNA ukuba ifumaneke kalula. Ngoko ke, i-PCR inokukunceda ukufumanisa inani elincinci legciwane kwisifo somntu osanda kusulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubiza, ixesha elidliwayo, kwaye alifumaneki lula
Iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HIV
- I-Blot yaseNtshona: Le ndlela yindlela esetyenzisiweyo yokuqinisekisa iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala. Uvavanyo lokuchasana noluntu olubhekiselele kwi-HIV-antibodies kunezovavanyo ze-EIA / ELISA. Nangona kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu. Yingakho isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa endaweni yovavanyo lokuqala.
- I-RIPA: Olu vavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa xa amazinga omntu olwabiwo aphantsi. Kungenziwa kwakhona xa iziphumo ze- Western Blot zicaca. Olu vavanyo lubiza, lukhuni ukwenza kwaye alufane lisetyenziswe.
- I-Assay ye-Immunofluorescence. Olu lunye uhlobo lovavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo olusetyenziswayo xa iziphumo ze-Western Blot zicaca. Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswe endaweni ye-Western Blot emva kovavanyo lwe-ELISA.
- Uvavanyo lwe- DNA / RNA Iimvavanyo : Ezi mvavanyo zifana ne-PCR. Ziyasetyenziswa ngezinye izihlandlo xa isiphumo sentshona singabonakali. Iimvavanyo zokupasa ziya kuba zibiza kakhulu ngexesha.
Iimvavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga umthwalo wentsholongwane yomntu. Le yintlawulo yesifo segciwane elikhoyo kwigazi labo. Iimvavanyo zentsholongwane kaGawulayo aziqhelekanga zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-HIV. Kunoko, ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga indlela unyango olufanelekileyo ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uphando oluthetha ukuba ukujonga umthamo wentsholongwane ngexesha elifanayo nokuba i-HIV ifunyanwe inganceda ukudibanisa abantu kudokotela ukuze banakekele.
Imithombo:
Ceffa S, Luhanga R, Andreotti M, Brambilla D, Erba F, Jere H, Mancinelli S, Giuliano M, Palombi L, Marazzi MC. Ukuthelekiswa kwe-GeneXpert yeCepheid kunye ne-Abbott M2000 ye-HIV-1 yangempela ixesha lokuhlola i-HIV-1 umthamo wentsholongwane ye-HIV kunye nokufumana ukusuleleka kwe-HIV-1. Iindlela zokuTywala. Ngo-2016 uMar; 229: 35-9. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2015.12.007.
I-Nair SV, i-Kim HC, i-Fortunko J, i-Foote T, i-Peling T, i-Tran C, i-Nugent CT, i-Joo S, i-Kang Y, u-Wilkins B, uLednovich K, i-Worlock A. i-Aptima i-HIV-1 I-Dx-I-test kunye nenani le-HIV-1. J Clinic Virol. 2016 Feb 4; 77: 46-54. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2016.02.002.