Xa sibhekisela kwiimvavanyo zokuxilongwa ezisetyenziswa kwi-HIV, sisoloko sithatha oko kuthetha ukuthini uvavanyo lwe-HIV olukhoyo-okanye uvavanyo olusetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungenayo intsholongwane.
Enyanisweni, kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa, unyango, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-HIV, konke oku kunokusixelela
- enoba sinayo i-HIV okanye i-HIV;
- zeziphi iziyobisi eziza kusebenza kakhulu ngathi ngabanye;
- indlela esiphumelelayo ngayo ukusabela kwiyeza:
- ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiphumo yecala yeziyobisi ephuhlisayo, kwaye;
- ingaba sihlakulela ukuchasana neziyobisi zethu zeHIV.
Ukubaluleka kokuvavanya i-HIV ngokungathandabuzeki akuzange kube mkhulu. Namhlanje, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-1.2 yezigidi zabantu baseMerika abaphila ne-HIV, i-20% ukuya kwi-25 yeepesenti ayifumanekanga, nangona abancinci ngaphezu kweyine bayakwazi ukugcina umthwalo wentsholongwane engabonakaliyo kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwonyango.
Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba uqonde ukuba yiyiphi imvavanyo echaphazelekayo, ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ezibhekiselele, nokuba zifaka njani kuwe njengomntu ngamnye, nokuba unayo i-HIV okanye akunjalo.
1. Ngubani ofanele afumane uvavanyo lwe-HIV (kwaye nini)?
Kwakuqhelekileyo ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV lukhuthazwa kuphela kulabo bachazwa "basengozini." Ngo-Ephreli 2013, zonke ezo zatshintshi xa i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhupha iingcomo ukuba bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-15 no-65 bahlolwe i-HIV njengenxalenye yokutyelela ngogqirha.
2. Iyiphi indlela ekhethiweyo yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV e-US?
Ngo-Juni 27, 2014, iiCentral for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) zinconywe isicwangciso esitsha sokuvavanya i-HIV ngokusebenzisa iisayiti zokudibanisa ezine-generation generation ezikwazi ukufumana intsholongwane kaGawulayo ukuya kwiiveki ezine ngaphambi kweemvavanyo zangoku-anti-based.
Esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekufumaneni i-antibodies (i-anti-antibodies (i-proteins ezikhuselayo eziveliswayo ekuphenduleni i-HIV), ezi zilingo zentsebenziswano ziyakwazi ukufumana izibini zomzimba kunye nama-antigen.
3. Ziziphi iindlela zakho zokuhlola i-HIV?
Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya i-HIV ezivela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi "point-of-care" iimvavanyo ezenziwa kwiziko lempilo ukuya kwiimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo zasekhaya ezikunika iziphumo kwimizuzu engama-20. Funda indlela nganye yezi mvavanyo zenziwa ngayo, zithini iiminganiso zabo, nokuba zingaphi (okanye kungenjalo) zifanelekile wena njengomntu ngamnye.
4. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV luyimfihlo njani?
Ukuphulwa komfihlelo kudla ngokukhankanywe njengesisona esona sizathu esiphezulu sokuphepha uvavanyo lwe-HIV phakathi kwabemi baseMelika abanomvuzo ophantsi. Nangona imithetho ejoliswe ekukhuseleni ulwazi lompilo lomntu, kusekho ukudideka malunga nokuba ubumfihlo bonyango buqala phi kwaye buphela. Funda ukuba ngamalungelo akho omthetho kunye nantoni na ongayenza xa ufumanisa ukuba ubumfihlo bakho buphuliwe.
5. Ziyaphi Iimeko Ezibuxoki Nezinto Ezimbi?
Nangona isantya sobuxoki kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya ngeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO zingekho phantsi, maxa wambi zivela. Funda ukuba kutheni le miphunga iqhubekile, ziphi iimvavanyo ezixhomekeke kwiziphumo ezingalungile, kwaye oko kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo ezinokwenzeka.
6. Iimvavanyo ezichanekileyo ze-HIV ekhaya?
Ngokutsho kwe-FDA, uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick Rapid In-Home lukhuselekile kwaye lusebenziseka kulula kodwa lubonisa ubuchule kunye neenkcukacha ezimalunga nama-95 ekhulwini-ngaphantsi kwee-99.3 zeepesenti kunye neephesenti ezingama-99.8 ezibonwayo ngeemvavanyo ziseklinikhi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani neemvavanyo zokunakekelwa kwendawo, i-home version version iyaziwa ukuba inezinga elibi elibi elingama-7 ekhulwini, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhlolwa kwesinye sezihlandlo ezili-12 kuya kuzisa "uphawu olucacileyo" olubhaliweyo.
7. Yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-CD4 Count and Viral Load Mean?
Kwimiqathango yazo engundoqo, i-CD4 count ibonisa amandla omzimba womntu, ngelixa umthamo wentsholongwane ulinganisa intsholongwane emzimbeni womntu.
Funda ukuba zezi zithethe zithini na zona, ukuba zihambelane njani, kunye nendlela yokubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo inokuthintela njani ukungaphumeleli kwe-HIV "yabantu" kwi-HIV.
8. Ngamaxesha amaninzi kufuneka ufumane i-CD4 yakho kunye ne-Viral Load ihlolwe?
Ngempumelelo yokwandisa unyango lwe-antiretroviral (i-ART) yanamhlanje, ugxininiso akufanele kubekwe ekusebenziseni izibalo ze-CD4 njengomlinganiselo wempumelelo ye-ART. Ngokwezikhokelo ezikhutshwe yiSebe laseMelika lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (DHHS) ngo-Meyi 1, 2014, imithwalo ye-viral kufuneka yodwa isetyenziswe ukucacisa oku, ngelixa iibalo ze-CD4 zingathi zikhethwe ngenyameko.
9. Ziyintoni na iimvavanyo zakho zegazi?
Xa umntu efunyaniswa ukuba une-HIV, ukuhlolwa kwegazi rhoqo kwenziwa njengexesha lokunyanga. Ezi mvavanyo ziyakwazi ukuqikelela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ukulinganisa impendulo yomntu kwizidakamizwa ngokwawo-ukufumana okanye ukuthintela imiphumo eyenziwa ngamanye amaxesha. Funda ukuba zezi ziphi na iimvavanyo kwaye njani, ngokuqonda amanani amancinci angundoqo, unokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphatheni okuqhubekayo kwe-HIV yakho.
10. Yiyiphi i-Resistance Against Genetic and Tropism Test?
Kukho iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba umntu ungumgqatswa wonyango oluthile lonyango kunye / okanye nayiphi iindidi zokuchaswa kweziyobisi eziye zaphuhliswa kumntu othiwa "i-pool pool". Ngokwenza le mvavanyo, oogqirha banokwenza ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho wokwenza unyango kumntu ngamnye, ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwonyango kunye neziphumo zonyango olufanelekileyo.