Uthelekiso lweeNtsholongwane eziKhuselekileyo ezikhoyo ngoku
I-US Preventive Services Task Force njengamanje icetyisa ukuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwe-HIV kubantu baseMerika abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya ku-65 njengenxalenye yokutyelela ugqirha. Ukongezelela, abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-HIV (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezisemlonyeni , amadoda alalana namadoda ) bayacetyiswa ukuba bavavanywe rhoqo ngonyaka.
Enye yeendlela ezithandwa kakhulu ze- HIV zivavanywa ngokukhawuleza, ziyafumaneka njengeziqendu zombini kunye neenguqu zasekhaya.
Zivumela izigulane ukuba zifumane iziphumo ezincinane kwiminithi engama-20, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olunokuthi kuthintela abantu ukuba babuyele kwiziphumo zabo.
Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji efana neemvavanyo zentsholongwane yomntu, iimvavanyo ze-HIV ezinokukhawuleza ziyafumaneka kwaye zivavanye igazi (zifuna ugqirha wakho ukuba athabathe umunwe wakho) okanye umlenze (odinga umlomo we-swab).
Kukho inani leemvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ze-HIV ezivunyiweyo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ezinye zifumaneka kuphela kwiofisi yakho ugqirha kanti enye eyodwa (i- OraQuick In-Home-home kit ) ingathengwa kwi-intanethi okanye kwi-pharmacy yakho yasekuhlaleni.
Phakathi kwezona zivavanyo zikhona kakhulu:
I-OraQuick I-HIV-1/2 I-Antibody Test Test
Olu vavanyo olukhawulezayo luye lwavunywa ukuba lusebenziswe ngegazi eliphambeneyo, i-plasma kunye nezixhobo zomlomo zokufunyanwa kwe-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2. Uvavanyo luqulethe i-paddle encane. Indawo yokuvavanya kwi-paddle ibandakanywe ne-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 amaprotheni.
Umzekelo wokuhlola (igazi, iplasma, okanye umlomo wamanzi) isetyenziswe kwisigxina (kwimeko yomlambo womlomo i-paddle is swabbed ngaphakathi emlonyeni) kwaye ifakwe kwisisombululo sikonjiniyela.
Ukuba i-specimen iqulethe i-HIV, ibopha kunye neeprotheni ezingenakunyuswa kwi-paddle test paddle ebangela umgca obomvu ukuba uvele.
Imizila ebomvu ebonakala kwindawo yokuvavanya kunye nommandla wokulawula we-paddle ibonisa uvavanyo oluhle. Zonke iimvavanyo ezintle zifuna ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqinisekisiweyo. Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kufuneka lufundwe kungekudala ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-20 kwaye kungadlulanga imizuzu engama-40 emva kokuba isampuli ibekwe kwisisombululo esiphuhlisa.
Ukutyhila iG2 I-HIV-1 Test Test
Olu hlobo lokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza lwe-HIV luye lwavunywa ukuba lusetyenziswe ne-plasma okanye i-sampum specimens. Nangona uvavanyo luthatha nje imizuzu emithathu ukuphuhlisa, uvavanyo luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kune-OraQuick kuba kufuna i-serum centrifuged okanye iplasma. Uvavanyo luqukethe i-cartridge eneendawo zokuvavanya. Njenga-OraQuick, nayiphi na i-HIV ekhoyo kwi-specimen yokuhlola ibophelela ngeprotheyini ehlanganiswe kwindawo yokuvavanya, eyenza i-dot ebomvu ibonakale. Ukuba iqhosha elibomvu livela kunye nomgca obomvu osetyenziswa njengolulawulo uvavanyo lubhekwa luhle, olufuna ukuhlolwa kovavanyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-Uni-Gold I-HIV-1 Yokuvavanya
I-Uni-Gold ivunyiwe ngenxa yegazi elipheleleyo, i-plasma, okanye i-serum esuka kwintambo okanye kwintonga yomunwe. Iqukethe iklajidi yecangechunge kunye nommandla wokuvavanya, indawo yokulawula, kunye neempempe kakuhle. I-specimen isetyenziswe kakuhle kwi-specimen kwaye ivumelekile ukuba ilandele, ilandelelwano kunye nomgca wokuvavanya owedlule ukulawula kunye neendawo zokuvavanya.
Njengoko kunjalo kwiimvavanyo ezimbini zokuqala esiye sathetha ngazo, nayiphi na i-HIV kwimodeli ebopha kwiiprotheni kwindawo yokuvavanya, ebangela ukuba umgca obomvu uvele.
Uvavanyo lubhekwa luncedo ukuba umgca obomvu ubonakala kwindawo yommandla wovavanyo kunye nommandla wolawulo. Isampuli ibhekwa njengento efanelekileyo ukuba umzekelo wesibomvu ubomvu ngombala. Njengazo zonke iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ukuba uvavanyo lukhangelekile uvavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo lufunekayo.
I-Multispot ye-HIV-1 / HIV-2 Test Rapid
Olu vavanyo lwe-HIV luye lwavunywa ukuba lusetshenziswe kwi-plasma eqhotyoshelweyo kunye ne-fresh, igazi elipheleleyo okanye i-serum. I-Multispot iqukethe i-cartridge yokuhlola kunye neeragents ezinhlanu: I-cartridge ine-membrane apho i-microparticles ikhutshwe khona kwiindawo ezine; ezimbini iindawo zokuvavanya nge-HIV-1; enye indawo yokuhlola i-HIV-2; kunye nendawo eyodwa yokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-specimen iyanele.
Uvavanyo lubhekwa luncedo kwi-HIV-1 ukuba indawo yokulawula kunye nokuba zombini ii-HIV-1 zibukeka zibomvu, kwaye zichanekile nge-HIV-2 ukuba kuvela ulawulo kunye ne-HIV-2. Ukuba ubomvu bubonakala kwindawo yokulawula, indawo ye-HIV-2, kunye nenye okanye zombini iindawo ze-HIV-1, uvavanyo lubhekwa njengesifo se-HIV esingasebenzi (ukungabonakaliyo). Kule meko, i-specimen ingavavanywa ngeendlela ezongezelelweyo ezivumela ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2. Uvavanyo alubi xa kuphela indawo yokulawula ibonakala. Ukungabikho kwendawo yokulawula kubonisa umphumo ongafanelekanga, kungakhathaliseki nawuphi na umzekelo wendawo.
Uvavanyo lweNkohliso olubi
Enye ingxaki ngokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kwe-HIV yenzeke ngokuvavanya kwezinto ezichanekileyo nezingalunganga . Nangona iinguqulelo ezitsha zitsho ziphuculwe kwiziphumo ezingamanga, zihlala zixhalabisa nge -home version ye-OraQuick uvavanyo olukhawulezayo ( echazwe ).
Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lweSigaba III sobuntu, ubuninzi besinye sezi-12 ze-OraQuick kwiimvavanyo zekhaya babuyisela umphumo ongalunganga, ngenxa yecandelo lobungqina obuphantsi kwemveliso. Iimvavanyo zingaphinda ziphuthe i-infection xa zenziwa ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yiwindow , apho izinga lama-antibodies liphantsi kakhulu ukuba lifumaneke ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi komsebenzisi kuthethwa njengokuba kunokukhathazeka.
Nangona kunjalo, amaqela okukhuthaza aphikisa ukuba iimvavanyo ezinjengalezi zibeka ukulawula kwakhona kwisandla somntu, zibonelela ngokukhululeka nokuzimela.
Ngenxa yoko, ama-laboratory ase-US aphendulela ngakumbi ekusebenziseni uvavanyo lwe- antigen / antibody (kuquka i- Alere Ukucacisa i-HIV-1/2 Combo ) engaphelelanga nje kuphela ixesha le window kodwa, kwezinye iimeko, landisa amathuba impendulo echanekileyo ngexesha lokusasazeka kakhulu .
Imithombo:
Pant Pai, N .; Balram, B; Shivkumar, S .; okqhubekayo. Ukuthelekiswa kwentloko kunye nentloko yokuchaneka kokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kokunyamekela i-HIV kunye nemimiselo yegazi ngokubhekiselele kumlomo: ukuhlolwa kweenkqubo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemeta. " Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. NgoJanuwari 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.
I-Pilcher, C; Louie, B; Facente, S .; okqhubekayo. "Ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Point-of-Care kunye neeNzame zeLebhu zeNgcaciso kunye nokuSungulwa koGawulayo eSan Francisco." PLOS | Nye. Disemba 12, 2013; INGXELO: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0080629.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "Okokuqala Ekhaya Ngokukhawuleza-Sebenzisa i-HIV Kit evunyelwe ukuvavanya." I-FDA Ulwazi lwezeMpilo yabathengi. Silver Spring, MD; Julayi 2012. Umbhalo: UCM311690