Izikhokelo zokuvavanya i-HIV jikelele zikho ixesha elide ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu abavavanywa i- HIV rhoqo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngelo xesha umntu efumene ukuba unentsholongwane entsha ye-HIV, banokuzibuza ukuba kukho nayiphi indlela yokwazi xa besulelekile okanye bawasulele.
Usulelo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zoogqirha ukufumana ukuba umntu osandul 'ukuvavanywa ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo usandul' ukusuleleka .
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, xa ukuvavanywa kwenziwa kamsinya kakhulu, oogqirha baya kufumana abantu abavavanya i- RNA okanye i-p24 antigen kodwa abangenayo i-antibody positive. Laba ngabantu ngabasekuqaleni kweentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Nangona kunjalo, abayi kukhankanywa kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ze-anti-based anti-based based HIV . Ngako oko, ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV ngokuthe ngqo kwintsholongwane yinto engavamile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha bazama ukujonga ukuba umntu oye wavavanya ukuvavanya kwisifo esifanelekileyo seGawulayo usandul 'ulwasuleleka okanye awukho. Aba bantu sele benama-antibodies against virus. Ngako oko, oogqirha babo basala ukuba bajonge ezithile iimpawu ezithile zezo zixhobo. Ezi mpawu ziya kuba zahlukileyo kubantu abaneentsholongwane zintsholongwane kaGawulayo kunabantu abano-HIV abasungulweyo.
Iimpawu ze-Antibody ukuba oogqirha bahlola ukuze bafumane isiganeko sonyango lwe-HIV ziquka:
- Uhlobo lwee-antibodies zikhoyo . Iimpawu ezihlukeneyo ze-antibodies zivela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo emva kokuvezwa kwe- pathogen . Izifo ezininzi zinokuba luncedo ekuqaliseni ukuba umntu usetshatshelwe okanye awunayo. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane ze-IgM eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane nazo zingafumaneka kubantu abanesifo se-HIV kwithuba elithile. Ngenxa yoko, oku akusoloko kuyiluncedo ekuphawuleni izifo ze-HIV njengoko oogqirha bangathanda. (Kodwa ke, ngamanye amaxesha kunokusetyenziswa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo ezingapheliyo kunye neentsholongwane zaso.
- Isixa se-antibodies zikhoyo . Emva kokuba iintsholongwane ziqale ukuvela ekuphenduleni intsholongwane kaGawulayo, zanda ngaphezu kweenyanga eziliqela. Emva koko baqala ukulinganisa. Ukuba ezi zinguqu zinokuthi zifunyenwe, ingaba ngumqondiso wesifo esandula kutshatyalaliswa.
- Yiyiphi i-HIV i-proteins i-antibodies eboshwe kuyo . Njengoko usulelo lwe-HIV luqhubeka, ixabiso elincinane lamanqindi ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo ngama-antigen antsholongwane kaGawulayo. Kuyakwazi ukusebenzisa le nto ukujonga ukuba umntu unentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye emva koko.
- Ziyiphi i-antibodies ezinamandla ezibophelela kwi-HIV . Abantu abaneNTSholongwane kaGawulayo abatsha abane-HIV banama-antibodies abophelela ngokungqongqo kwi-HIV kunabantu abanokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaye baqala unyango ngokukhawuleza emva kokusulelwa kwintsholongwane banokuthi babe ne-antibodies eneempatho ezifanayo.
Kodwa mhlawumbi akunakwenzeka
Ekugqibeleni, kunokwenzeka ukuba oogqirha bafumane ukuba ngaba uvavanyo olutsha lweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO luyisiphumo sentsholongwane entsha okanye isifo esipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, le ngcaciso ayikwazi ukumiselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Ukuchonga ukuba usulelo olusandul 'uvavanyo olutsha olusandululweyo lunentsholongwane entsha ye-HIV kaninzi luyenziwa ngabantu abasebenza kwi-HIV. Akuyinto eqhelekileyo yokunyamekela isigulane. Ngoko ke, ukuba usandululwazi nje ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwaye uxhalabele malunga nokuba usu-seroconverted , ungadinga ukuthetha nesifo sesifo esithathelwanayo malunga novavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Akunjalo bonke ogqirha baya kuqonda okanye banokufikelela, iteknoloji ebalulekileyo.
Enyanisweni, ininzi yexesha, oogqirha abaza kwenza ezi ntlobo zokuvavanya kwizigulane ezandul 'ukufumana izifo - nokuba zicelwe. Isigulane sisoloko sijongwa ukuba sinesifo esiphumelele (oko kukuthi satshatyalaliswa) sisifo kuphela xa bevavanywa kwaye bafumanisa ukungalunganga kunyaka odlulileyo. Izigulane ezithe zatsholongwane zintsholongwane kaGawulayo ezange zihlolwe rhoqo zihlala zingakwazi ukufumana ukuba zisandululweyo.
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba kukho ezinye iimeko apho abantu bapheliswa ngokuhlanjululwa endaweni esanda kutshatyalaliswa.
- Ukuba umntu une-antibodies anti-HIV kunye ne-RNA positive, kodwa i- Western blot isinqunyiwe. Oku kucatshulwa ukuba luphawu losulelo olubi. Ezi ziko zinokubanjwa ngokusebenzisa izilungiso zokuhlola eziqinisekisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana i-HIV.
- Xa umntu evavanya i-RNA yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kodwa engakhange avelise ama-antibodies anti-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, akuyiyo yonke into yokuvavanya i-HIV kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-RNA, ngoko ke ezi ziko zilahleka lula.
Kutheni ukuCandwa kweziNtsholongwane eziNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kubalulekile
Ukuchonga izifo ezitsha zentsholongwane kaGawulayo xa zisesemtsha kubalulekile. Ukwenza njalo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwe-HIV. Ngezizathu ezininzi, abantu basengozini enkulu yokudlulisela i-HIV kumaqabane abo, kwiinyanga, okanye kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuba banentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Isizathu sokuqala sokuba abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bangabe besengozini kumaqabane abo ngaphambi kokuba bavavanywe kakuhle. Ukuba abayifumene nomngcipheko wabo, basenokungakhuselekanga ukuba benze isondo ngokukhuselekileyo . Okwesibini kukuba abantu abasandul 'ukusuleleka bahlala benemithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane kwaye basasazeka kakhulu kunabantu abaye banesifo eside. Oku kwenza ithuba lokudlulisa intsholongwane ephakamileyo ngexesha lokuhlangana. Okwesithathu kukuba ukuba ungakhange uvivinywe, ngoko awuphilwanga . Unyango lunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokutshatyalalisa iqabane lakho. Enyanisweni, ngoku isetyenziswe njengendlela yokukhusela.
Imithombo:
Cohen MS, i-Gay CL, i-Busch MP, iHecht FM. Ukufumanisa ukusuleleka kwe-HIV. J Disfect Dis. 2010 u-Oktobha 15; 202 I-Suppl 2: S270-7.
ULee LM, uMcKenna MT. Ukubeka esweni isiganeko sosulelo lwe-HIV eMelika. Uvavanyo lwezeMpilo kaRhulumente 2007: Isibonelelo 1: 72-9.
Parekh BS, McDougal JS. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zebhubhoratri zokuqikelela i-HIV-1. Indian J Med Res. 2005 kuMatshi; 121 (4): 510-8.
Schüpbach J, Gebhardt MD, Tomasik Z, Niederhauser C, Yerly S, Bürgisser P, Inqaku L, Gorgievski M, Dubs R, Schultze D, Steffen I, Andreutti C, Martinetti G, Güntert B, Staub R, Daneel S, Vernazza P Uvavanyo lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo-yintsholongwane yomgca we-HIV-1/2. PLoS Med. 2007 Dec; 4 (12): e343.