Ngaba Ngokwenene Ndiyinike "Uphawu Lonke Ecacileyo"?
Omnye unokucinga ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV luya kunqunyulwa kwaye lome, kunye neziphumo nokuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo okanye i-HIV. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ithetha ukuba awukho iimpawu zeHIV kwigazi lakho. Inentsholongwane kaGawulayo ithetha ukuba unokwenza kwaye unentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Kodwa kukho imeko xa uvavanyo olubi lwe-HIV lungenakho konke okubonakalayo. Xa ukuvavanya i-HIV, kukho ixesha elifutshane le window xa umntu evavanya kakubi kwaye enenayo intsholongwane kwinkqubo yakhe.
Kwaye izizathu zilula: xa usuleleko lweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO, uhlaselo lomzimba luqala ukuhlakulela iiprotheyini ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- antibodies , ezizodwa kumntu ogqirha i-pathogen enenjongo yokunciphisa (kule Ntsholongwane kaGawulayo). Zizo zi-antibodies ezivakalayo zokuhlola i-HIV.
Kodwa inyaniso elula kukuba kuthatha ixesha elaneleyo lezo zikhuhlane zizaliswe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ukuze zifumane. Ngako ke, ukuba umntu omncinci wentsholongwane kaGawulayo uye waveliswa xa umntu evavanywa, umphumo wokuvavanya uya kubuyiselwa njengento engalunganga naphezu kokuba iimeko ezikhoyo zenzekile.
Ndiyazi Njani Ngokuqinisekileyo Ukuba Uvavanyo lwam I-100% alubi?
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukutheleleka nge-HIV akuzange kwenzeke, oogqirha babenconywa ngokuqhelekileyo uchungechunge lwee- HIV , ngokuvavanywa kokuqala emva kokutshatyalaliswa nezinye iinyanga ezintathu zithatha inyanga ezintathu emva kokungena. Abanye oogqirha baya kuncomela kwakhona enye vavanyo ye-HIV emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.
Ukuba zonke iimvavanyo zinyanga, kwaye umntu akanakho ukutyhila kwe-HIV entsha, ngoko banokuthi bangenayo intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nentsholongwane yentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu unesinye isifo sengculaza phakathi kweemvavanyo (ezifana nesondo elingenalo ikhondom okanye ukwabelana ngesilwanyana), iimvavanyo ziya kufuneka ziphinda ziphindwe, ziqale ukusuka kwindawo yokuchasana.
Iimvavanyo zokuvavanya ezitsha, eziqeshwe ukudibanisa i-antibody / antigen detection , zichaneke ngakumbi kwaye zilukhuni kunezovavanyo zakudala zentsholongwane. Ezi zikwazi ukufumana i-HIV ngethuba lokuqala, izigaba ezikhuselekileyo zentsholongwane, ukunciphisa ixesha lezithuba ngeenyanga.
Lo msebenzi wokuvavanya ngokufumanisa iiprotheyini ezithile ze-HIV ezibizwa ngokuba ngama- antigen , aqala ukuphendula ngamagciwane kwaye ke akhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunama-antibodies.
Ngolu hlobo lweemvavanyo, amaziko okuLawula nokuThusela (i-CDC) e-Atlanta azimisele ukuba uvavanyo olulodwa lwe-antigen / anti-antibody olwenziwe ngaphakathi kwithuba le window lwanele ukuqinisekisa ubungqina obubangelwa yi-HIV. Akukho mvavanyo efunekayo.
Imizuzu yokuvavanya
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngelixa ezininzi iimvavanyo zentsholongwane kaGawulayo - ezinjengovavanyo lwe-RNA okanye i-antibody / antigen-tests ezikhankanywe ngasentla - zinokuba nexesha elincinci le window, ukuchaneka kwabo nokuchaneka kwabo kungahluka, ngamanye amaxesha. Ngaphandle kweesilingo zokudibanisa, ezinye ziyaziwa ngama- 87 ekhulwini achanileyo ngexesha losuleleko oluthe xaxa nabanye baphuma kuma-54 ekhulwini.
Soloko uthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nexesha ofuna ukuvavanywa kwaye ukuba ukuphindaphinda kungadinga ukunika ithemba elikhulu kwiziphumo.
Xa kukho konke oku kuthethwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiklinikhi nasekhaya, kwaye bavavanya i-antibodies ye-HIV. Ngo-2012, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ivume i-first-use usetyenziso lwekhaya le-HIV ebizwa ngokuba yi-OraQuick, ekhoyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokuthengisa izidakamizwa namhlanje. Ezi zivavanyo zasekhaya zijolise ekufumaneni i-antibodies yamagciwane e-HIV ukusuka emanzini omntu, iziphumo zivela kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-40.
Kodwa ngokungafani neemvavanyo ezifanayo ezinikezwa kwiiklinikhi nasezibhedlele, inguqulo yekhaya iya kuvelisa malunga nomphumo omnye ongalunganga ovela kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ezili-12 ezenziwe. Ukuba uvavanyo luqhutywe ngokungalunganga okanye ngokukhawuleza, ukufumaneka kwesiqhelo sobuxoki kuya kuba mkhulu kuphela.
Ukuba usebenzisa i-home test, musa ukuthatha nayiphi na amathuba. Qhagamshelana nomnxeba weeyure ezingama-24 ezidweliswe kwifakwe yephakheji ukuba kukho nayiphi na imibuzo, ukungathandabuzeki, okanye iinkxalabo malunga nokuchaneka nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo.
Yintoni endiyenzayo xa Ndiye ndabonakaliswa kwi-HIV?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uye waveleleka kwi-HIV, hamba ngokukhawuleza ugqirha okanye igumbi lexakeka kwaye uhlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Unokubonelela nge- post-exposure prophylaxis , unyango lwe-HIV olunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-HIV, ngokufanelekileyo xa uqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-48 zokungabikho.
Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "Uvavanyo lweLebhu yokuHlola iNtsholongwane kaGawulayo: Iingcebiso eziPhuculo." Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoJuni 27, 2014.
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug (FDA). "Okokuqala Ekhaya Ngokukhawuleza-Sebenzisa i-HIV Kit evunyelwe ukuvavanya." Rockville, Maryland; kukhutshwa ngoJuni 3, 2012.