I- antibody , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-immunoglobin, iproteinyini ene-Y ifihliwe ngeentlobo ezithile zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezinokukwazi ukuchonga izifo (iintsholongwane ezithintekayo) ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Iingcebiso ezimbini ze "Y" ziyakwazi ukutshintshela kwi-cell okanye i-cell cell egciniweyo ekujoliswe kuyo ekuthiwa yi- antigen (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-antibody generator).
Ngokwenza njalo, i-antibody ibonisa kakuhle i-pathogen ye-neutralization, okanye ngokuyibulala okanye ukuyikhusela ekungeneni iseli eliphilileyo, okanye ngokusayina ezinye iiprotheni ezincedisayo ezizungeze kwaye zidle i-invader kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-phagocytosis [kwi-Ancient Greek ukuze " ukuba udle "(phagein) kunye" neseli "(kytos)].
Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngamaseli omhlophe amhlophe abizwa ngokuba yi-B-lymphocytes, okanye iiseli ze-B. Ngexesha lokubeleka (ngaphambi kokuba azalwe) kunye ne-neonatal (iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa), izifo zengqungquthela zidluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kwintsana ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba ngumgudu wokugonywa. Ukusuka apho, umntwana uya kuqala ukuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo iimpawu zengqungquthela, mhlawumbi ekuphenduleni i-antigen ethile (i-immune immunity) okanye njengengxenye yomzimba womzimba womzimba (ukukhulelwa kwangasese).
Abantu bayakwazi ukuvelisa iintlobo ze-antibodies ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi, ngasinye silwela uhlobo oluthile lwe-antigen. Indawo yokubopha i-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-paratope ifumaneka kwiingcebiso ze "Y" kwaye iyakhusela isayithi elongezelelweyo kwi-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-epitope.
Ukuhluka okuphezulu kweparatope kuvumela i-immune system ukuba ibone iindidi ezahlukeneyo zama-antigen.
IiAndibodies kunye neeAntigens
Xa unyango lwe-HIV lwenzeka, i-antibodies anti-HIV ebonakalayo iveliswa ngokuphendula ama-antigen ngaphakathi kweveki okanye ezimbini zokubhenca. Ama-antibodies ayenziwa ngokuphendula kwii-antigens ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane: i-p24 antigen, eyona nto ibonakala kuqala; kunye ne-gp120 kunye ne-gp41 antigens, ezifumaneka zombini kwintsholongwane.
Xa ususulelekile, ama-antibodies aqhubekayo ebomini kwaye anikezela iinjongo zemveli kwiimvavanyo zentsholongwane ka-HIV (kubandakanywa iimvavanyo zentengiso ekhaya ). Iimvavanyo ezidibeneyo zesizukulwana sesine ziyakwazi ukufumana ii-antibodies ze-HIV kunye ne-p24 antigen, ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekiswa okuchanekileyo kwimeko ye-HIV yomntu.
Imithombo:
Janeway, C; Imizila, i-P .; Walport, M .; kunye noShlomchik, M. I-immunobiology, u-5th Edition - I-Immune System kwiMpilo kunye nezifo. 2001; IGarland Science; Kwisixeko saseNew York; I-ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "NgoJuni 18, 2010, I-Letter Approval - ARCHITECT ye-HIV Ag / Ab Combo." Silver Spring, eMaryn; kukhutshwa ngoDisemba 22, 2009.
US Administration and Drug Administration (FDA). "I-FDA iyavuma ukuvavanya kokuqala ukuvavanya ukuvavanya ukufumana i-HIV-1 antigen kunye ne-HIV-1/2 antibodies." Silver Spring, eMaryn; ukukhululwa kwenkampani yokukhishwa kwe-Agasti 8, 2013.