Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyaxhatshazwa nguSasazo kunye nezifo
Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuvela kweengxaki zokuqala ze-AIDS e-US, izazinzulu ezintathu, uRobert Gallo , uLuc Montagnier, kunye noFrancoise Barre-Sinoussi , bafumene intsholongwane eyayibangela ukuba le mfihlelo engaqondakaliyo ye-immune disability, HIV.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, kwafunyanwa intlobo emitsha kwindoda ehlala e-Afrika, eyahlukahluka ngokwemizimba eyahluke kakhulu kuneyodwa eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngenxa yoko, intsholongwane yokuqala yayibizwa ngokuba yi-HIV-1 ngelixa i- strain entsha yabizwa ngokuba yi-HIV-2 .
Kwi-biology, uxinzelelo luyinto nje yokuhluka kohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezenza ukuba zihluke ngokupheleleyo. Ukufana kufana nokuba khona kodwa ekugqibeleni zizinto ezizimeleyo. Ukuthetha ngokwentando yabantu, i-HIV-2 yindlela ephantsi kakhulu ye-HIV kunye neengxaki ezingafaniyo kodwa ezihlukileyo.
I-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 ifana njani?
Nangona ukungafani kwimfuyo yabo ye-genetic, i-HIV-1 ne-HIV-2 yabelana ngokufana kwezi zilandelayo:
- Iimodare zokusasaza ziyafana (ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, uxhumano lwegazi kunye negazi, ukuthunyelwa komama ukuya komntwana ).
- Abantu abanentsholongwane ka-HIV-2 baxhomekeke kwizifo ezinjalo ezifanelekileyo njengaleyo abanesifo se-HIV-1.
- I-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 baphathwa ngemishanguzo efanayo ye- antiretroviral .
- Uvavanyo olufanayo lwe- CD4 lunokusetyenziswa ukujonga i-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2.
I-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 ihluke njani?
Kukho ukungafani kwenani phakathi kwe-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2.Kwazo:
- Intsholongwane ka-HIV-2 ibonakala ingacinci , ngokuqhelekileyo igxotha inkqubo ye-immune kwizinga elincinci kune-HIV-1.
- Abantu abanentsholongwane ka-HIV bahlala bengenasiphene kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abane-HIV-1.
- Nangona kunjalo, i-HIV-2 ibonakala iyasasazeka kwixesha elizayo kwizifo xa i- CD4 count t yehla ngaphantsi kweeseli 200 / mL.
I-HIV-2 iyanqandwa kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi xa kuthelekiswa ne-HIV-1 (nangona uhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe luvumelekile ukuba lukhulise ukusabalaliswa kwehlabathi lonke)
Uvavanyo lomthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza olusetyenziswa kwi-HIV-1 aluthembekiyo kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo-2.
- Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral zingasebenza ngokuthe ngcembe kubantu abane-HIV-2 nangona oku kuhambelana kakhulu nezidakamizwa zokuzala ezidala kunezo ezitsha.
Kuphi kwihlabathi i-HIV-2 ininzi ininzi?
I-HIV-2 igxininise kakhulu kumazwe aseNtshona Kapa njengeSenegal, iNigeria, iGhana kunye neCyril Coast. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iimeko ezimbalwa ziye zaxelwa ngaphandle kwale mimandla, kodwa ezo manani ziyatshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kumazwe anentsholongwane kaGawulayo-2 athandwa ngabantu abahamba ngamazwe okanye abo banokufudukela kwamanye amazwe abavela kumazwe angama-HIV anama-HIV.
Ngaphezu koko, ngaphakathi kwe-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 ziqela lamanani , ii-subtypes ("ii-clades"), kunye namacandelo amancinci , okwandisa ukwanda kweentsholongwane. Yiyo le ntlukwano eyenza i-HIV ibe "iinjongo ezihambelayo" kubaphandi abanobunzima bokudala isitofu sokugonya esinakho ukunyanga zonke iimpawu ezinqamlekileyo zentsholongwane.
Kukho amaqela asibhozo e-HIV-2, nangona i-subtypes A no-B kuphela ithathwa njengengqungquthela.
Intsholongwane ka-HIV-2 ikholelwa ukuba ihamba ngeentlobo ezivela kuhlobo lwe-SIV oluchaphazela i- mangabeys inqwelana ngqo kubantu.
Iqela le-HIV-2 libhekiselele kwiNtshona Afrika, nangona ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kuye kwabangela amancinci amancinci amaxwebhu e-US, eYurophu, eBrazil naseIndiya. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-HIV-2 yeqela le-B livalelwe kwiindawo zaseNtshona Koloni.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-HIV-1 ineamaqela amane kunye namaninzi amaninzi aphezulu kwimimandla eyahlukileyo kunye neqela elihlukileyo, kubandakanywa namadoda alala ngesini kunye nabasemlonyeni abasebenzisi beziyobisi .
ILizwi
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukufumaneka kovavanyo lwe-HIV-2 lucacisiwe kwaye lufumaneka kuphela ngesicelo esikhethekileyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zokudibanisa izizukulwana ezitsha (kuquka iAlere Determine Combo ) zakhishwa kwiimarike, zikwazi ukuvavanya kungekhona kuphela i-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2 kodwa i-antibodies antibodies kunye nama-antigen.
Ingaba uvavanyo oluhle lwe-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ufumana ingcali efanelekileyo ye-HIV onokukunceda ukuvavanya ukuba yintoni inonyango efanelekileyo yokunyanga intsholongwane yakho. Oku kunokwenziwa ngophando lwegazi olunokumisela isakhiwo se-virtual virus yakho, kunye nokuchonga ama-antigen ayenayo kwi-HIV-1 okanye i-HIV-2.
Iimvavanyo ziza kubonisa ukuba utshintsho oluthile olunikezela ukunganyangeki kwezidakamizwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-HIV. Ngokungabandakanyi iziyobisi ezingasebenzi kwaye zigcine ezo zenzayo, unokuqiniseka ukuba yintoni isiphumo esona siphumo esona sigqirha sonyango.
> Imithombo;
> Cock, K. et. al. "I-Epidemiology kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-HIV-2: kutheni kungekho-bhubhane lwe-HIV-2"; JAMA. 1993; 270 (17): iphe 2083-2086.
> Palm A .; Esbjörnsson, J .; Månsson, F .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kokufa kukaGawulayo kunye neAIDS phakathi kwabantu abachaphazelekayo abane-HIV-1 A3 / CRF02_AG xa kuthelekiswa ne-subtype A3." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. Matshi 1, 2014; 209 (5): 721-728.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A .; Paraskevis, D .; okqhubekayo. Ukusasazwa kwe-HIV-1 subtype kunye nezigqibo zabemi kwizilwanyana ezisandul 'ukuxilongwa eYurophu zibonisa izifo ezibangelwa yintlupheko. "I- retroviology. NgoJanuwari 14, 2013; 10: 7; i-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.
> Abecasis, A .; Wensig, A .; Paraskevis, D .; okqhubekayo. Ukusasazwa kwe-HIV-1 subtype kunye nesigxina sabantu abasemagqabini asandul 'ukufumana iYurophu banokubonisa ukuba izifo zesifo seengxowankulu. "I- retroviology. NgoJanuwari 14, 2013; 10: 7; i-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-10-7.