Kubonakala ngathi yonke imfuyo yonyaka ihlukile. Kwiminyaka ethile umkhuhlane unzima kakhulu kwaye wenza abantu abaninzi abagulayo kunye neminye iminyaka akubi kakhulu. I-Influenza (intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane) yenza abantu begula ngenxa yamakhulu eminyaka, ngoko kutheni kungenakwenzeka?
Ukuqonda i-Flu Strains
Umkhuhlane ungabangelwa yiyiphi na yamakhulu emininzi yesifo sengculaza.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, omnye okanye ezimbini ziza kulawula ngethuba leyiphi na ixesha lexesha lomkhuhlane. Ngelishwa, intsholongwane iyatshintsha kwaye ishintshe ngokuthe rhoqo, ngoko asikwazi ukuba yiyiphi i-strain eya kulawulo.
Nangona kukho amakhulu emininzi yomkhuhlane kwaye aqokelelwe kwiintlobo kunye neentlobo . Umkhuhlane A, umzekelo, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane olubangela ukugula kubantu. I-Influenza A isetyenziswe kwakhona kwi-H # N # amaqela. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda komdlavuza wamandulo kwenzeke ngo-2009-10. Kwaqala ngenxa yokuba ubunzima be-H1N1 obukade besuleleke i-pigs bashukunyiswa kwaye baqala ukusulela abantu. Kwakuhlobo lomkhuhlane abantu abaninzi abanalo ukukhuseleka okungafani nxamnye naso, ngoko kwagulisa inxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi. Ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho nje ngokubulala njengeminye yemingcipheko yangaphambili, njengomnye ngo-1918 owabulala ama-5 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi.
Nangona singenayo intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane, kukho ukungafani kwiinkalo ze-influenza yonyaka.
I-Influenza Iimvumi zidla kakhulu kunomkhuhlane B. I-Influenza C inokubangela ukuba ugula kubantu, kodwa iimpawu zifana nobumnene njengezobandayo, ngoko ke lo hlobo lwentsholongwane alubonakalwanga rhoqo ngenxa yokuba abantu abafunanga unyango bayanyamekela xa benayo. Ukongezelela, ezinye ii-subtypes ze-influenza A ziye zaziwa ngokuba zenza amaxesha angaphezulu kwamaxesha omkhuhlane kunezinye.
Kwiminyaka xa i- H3N2 yintsholongwane yintsimi ebalulekileyo, sihlala sibona amazinga aphezulu okubhedlelelwa kwezibhedlele kunye nokufa kwabantu ngaphezu kweminyaka xa enye uhlobo lomkhuhlane yenza abantu abagulayo.
Ukhuseleko lwe-Flu Ukusebenza
Amaziko ase-United States okuLawula nokuLawula (ii-CDC) iingxelo zokuthi ukugonya umkhuhlane we-gciwane kuphumelela phakathi kwama-40 ekhulwini kunye nama-60 ekhulwini xa isitofu sisigxina esifanelekileyo kwintlobo yesifo sengculaza. Le nombolo iphantsi iyancipha ngexesha leminyaka xa isitofu singagqibekanga. Nangona oko kuhla kakhulu kunenani lentsebenziswano kwezinye ezininzi izitofu, kusengcono kunokuba ungagonyanga nonke. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abagonywe (ikakhulukazi abadala abadala kunye nabantwana abancinci) abanako ukugula kakubi, bhedlele, okanye bafe xa befumana umkhuhlane kunezo ezingagonywanga.
Kungakhathaza ukuba ugula ngentsholongwane nangona emva kokuba uqhutywe ngumkhuhlane , kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akufanelekile ukufumana. Uyakuthi ugula ngakumbi ukuba awuzange ugonywe. Kukho abantu abaninzi abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zomkhuhlane kwaye banokulahlekelwa lula ubomi babo kumkhuhlane xa begula. Ukuba awugonyanga ukuba uzikhusele, yenzani kumntu onomdla malunga nokuba ngubani onokuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngumkhuhlane.
Into onokuyenza
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu ayenze ukuyenza ukuze azikhusele unyaka ngamnye ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane. Abantu abaninzi abagonywayo, ukhuselekileyo sonke.
Amanye amanyathelo abalulekileyo okumelwe athathe?
- Geza izandla zakho - Ucoceko lwesandla esifanelekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela ukusasazeka kwezifo zonke, kungekhona nje umkhuhlane.
- Gwema Ukuthintela Ubuso Bakho - Umkhuhlane usasazeka ngokubanzi ngamaconsi xa abantu bekhwehlela kwaye badibanisa kodwa banokusasazeka emoyeni nangokuthintela izinto apho igciwane lesifo sengculaza lifikile khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo uthinta ubuso bakho, amathuba amaninzi amagciwane kufuneka angene emzimbeni wakho ngeempumlo, emlonyeni, nakwamehlo.
- Fumana Ubuninzi Bokulala - Ukuphumla kunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuba uphilise kwaye uhlawule. Ukulala ngokwaneleyo ubusuku bonke kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukulwa naluphi na ugula oza kuhlangana nalo.
- Sebenzisa iSanitizer Hand - Xa isepha kunye namanzi ayitholakali, isistim yokubuyisela isandla sinendlela enkulu yokuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane. Ngethuba nje izandla zakho zingabonakali zicocekile, zinokubulala ngokuthe ngcembe ininzi yeentsholongwane ezandleni zakho xa zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo.
- Musa ukwabelana ngempahla - Esi sifundo abantu abaninzi bafunda ngexesha lobuntwana, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sibuyela kwimikhwa endala nabantu esibaziyo kakuhle. Ngelishwa, oku kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni kweentsholongwane kunye nokugula, kuba ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana nomkhuhlane, zisasazeka phambi kokuba sazi nokuba sigula. Gcina iziphuzo zakho, iifoloko, imimese, iipuni, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezingena emlonyeni wakho okanye empumweni yakho.
Izifundo ezifundwayo
Ngethuba leminyaka xa igciwane lokugonya lomkhuhlane lingahambelani kakuhle kwintlungu yomkhuhlane ojikelezayo kuluntu, kunokukhathaza wonke umntu. Abo bachonywe basenokugula, abo bangenayo ibango lokufumana i-vaccine akunakunceda kuba "ayisebenzanga nantoni na," kwaye amagosa ezempilo karhulumente asolwa ngokuba engazi ukuba kuza ntoni.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mntu unokubona ikusasa, kwaye ngelitshilo imithi yokugonya imfuyo ngoku ijolise kuphela kwiimfuno ezithile. Kuze kubekho izitofu zentsholongwane zomhlaba jikelele ezikhoyo, kuya kufuneka senze okusemandleni ethu kunye noko sinakho. Imfundo ibalulekile ukwenzela ukuba abantu baqonde indlela umkhuhlane onokubulawa ngayo kunye nendlela yokugonya umkhuhlane ukugcina ubomi nangona bengabonakali kakuhle kwintsholongwane. Nangona ebudeni beminyaka xa isitofu singagqithisi kakuhle, uninzi lwabantu abafayo kunye nezibhedlele ziphakathi kwabantu abangenasigxina.
ILizwi
INzululwazi ayizange iqhubele phambili apho siyakwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zesifo somkhuhlane ziza kubangela ukugula ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Iintsholongwane ze-Influenza zitshintsha kwaye zitshintsha rhoqo, zenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka. Izifo zentsholongwane esingazifezekanga okwangoku kwaye zizodwa kuphela kwiintlobo zentsholongwane ezifakiwe kuzo, ezinokuthi okanye zingabi yintlupheko eyenza abantu abagula ngexesha lonyaka. Sekunjalo, sisona sikhuseli esingcono kakhulu kunye nezifundo eziphindaphindiweyo zibonise ukuba ukufumana isitofu kugcina abantu ngaphandle kwesibhedlele kwaye kusindisa ubomi nangona kungengomdlalo omhle.
Umsebenzi omningi kunye nophando kuyadingeka-kwaye kwenziwa-ukuphucula imithi yokukhusela engcono engasayi kuyenza yonke inyanga. Kuze kube ngoko, imfundo ibalulekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ukuba umkhuhlane unokuba lukhulu kangakanani, njani usasazeka, kwaye unokuzikhusela njani wena kunye nosapho lwakho ekubeni ugula.
> Imithombo:
> Arriola C, Garg S, Anderson EJ, et al. I-Influenza Vaccination iguqula izifo ezixakekileyo Phakathi kwabantu abadala abahlala kwiZikolo eziKhuselekileyo abane-Influenza. Iiklinikhi ezingenayo . 2017; 65 (8): 1289-1297. i-doi: 10.1093 / cid / cix468
> CDC. Iinkcukacha eziphambili Ngomkhuhlane we-Flu vaccine. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm. Ipapashwe ngo-Oktobha 30, 2017.
> Flannery B, Reynolds SB, Blanton L, et al. I-Influenza Vaccine Ukuphumelela Ukulwa Nezilwanyana Ukufa: 2010-2014. Pediatrics . Epreli 2017: e20164244. I-doi: 10.1542 / iindlwana.2016-4244
> Grohskopf LA. Ukuthintela nokuLawula i-Influenza yonyaka kunye neeViccini: Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi malunga neMigudu yokuNgcwaba -United States, 2017-18 I-Influenza Season. I-MMWR I-Rep . 2017; 66. i-doi: 10.15585 / mmwr.rr6602a1
> I-Vaccine Impumelelo - I-Vacc Vaccine Isebenza njani? | I-Influenza yonyaka (i-Flu) | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm.