I-ABC ye-HSA kunye neeHHHP!
Iyiphi iAkhawunti yokuGcina impilo?
I-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo (HSA) uhlobo lwe-akhawunti ongayifaka imali ukuze ulondoloze izindleko ezinxulumene nempilo kwi-tax free.
Unokuba negalelo kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo kuphela ukuba:
- isicwangciso sezempilo esiphezulu (HDHP)
- akukho nkonzo ye-inshorensi yonyango, kuquka ne- Medicare- nangona kunjalo, uvumelekile ukuba ube nezinye iintlobo zengxelo ehlobene nempilo, njengengozi, ukukhubazeka, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo, ukunakekelwa kombono, okanye unonophelo lwempilo yomshuwalense wexesha elide.
- ayikwazi ukubizwa njengokuxhomekeke kwimbuyekezo yentela yomnye
Bobabini kunye nomqeshi wakho unokunika inkxaso kwi-HSA yakho. Nangona kunjalo, inani elipheleleyo leminikelo ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezu komda wonyaka obekwe nguRhulumente. Ngo-2018, igalelo eliphezulu li-$ 3,450 eline-self-cover kuphela phantsi kwe-HDHP, kunye ne-$ 6,850 xa unobungqina bentsapho (abantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu bahlanganiswe) phantsi kwe-HDHP.
Nawuphi na umnikelo owenziwe kwi-HSA yakho kufuneka ube yimali; iminikelo yesitokethi okanye ipropathi ayivunyelwe. Kwakhona, awukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na iminikelo kwi-HSA yakho xa ubhalisa kwi-Medicare. Nangona kunjalo, ungagcina imali kwi-HSA yakho kwaye uyisebenzise ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango.
Ukuba uhoxisa imali kwi-HSA yakho ngaphandle kokufaka iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo, uya kuhlawula irhafu yengeniso kwimali, kunye nesohlwayo. Isohlwayo kwizabelo ze-HSA ezingasetyenziselwa iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo zinyuka ukusuka kuma-10 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini ngo-2011, ngenxa ye-Care Affordable Act.
Izibonelelo zerhafu
Ngokwe-Internal Revenue Service (IRS), ii-HSA zineenzuzo ezilandelayo zerhafu:
- Unokufaka isicelo sokuncitshiswa kwentlawulo ngeminikelo okanye umntu ngaphandle komqeshi wakho, yenza kwi-HSA yakho.
- Iminikelo kwi-HSA yakho eyenziwe ngumqeshi wakho ingabandakanywa kwiholo lakho elipheleleyo.
- Nayiphi na inzala okanye enye imali oyifumanayo kwimali kwi-HSA yakho ayikho irhafu.
- Imali oyithathayo kwi-HSA yakho ingenakho ukuhlawulwa irhafu ukuba uyisebenzise ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango "ezifanelekileyo".
- Akukho mhla wokugqibela wokubuyisela iindleko zonyango usebenzisa i-HSA yakho. Ngaphandle kokuba iindleko zonyango ezifanelekile zenzeke emva kokuba usungule i-HSA, unokulinda iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ukuba uthathe imali ngaphandle kwe-HSA ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango (gcina iirisithi zakho, njengoko uzakuzifuna xa i-IRS ikubuza ukufakazela ukuba wenze, ngokwenene, ukufumana iindleko zonyango ozibuyisela yona).
- Emva kweminyaka engama-65, unokuthatha imali ngaphandle kwe-HSA nayiphi na injongo ofuna, ngaphandle kwesihlwayo. Kodwa ukuba awusebenzisi imali kwiindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo, uya kuhlawula irhafu yengeniso ekuhoxisweni, njengokuba uza kuvela kwi-IRA yendabuko.
Unokufumana iinkcukacha malunga neenzuzo zerhafu kunye nemithetho (kuquka imizekelo yendlela i-HSA isebenza ngayo) kwi-IRS Publication 969, ii-Akhawunti ze-Savings Health kunye nezinye iziCwangciso zeMpilo eziNcedisayo.
Ukusayina kwi-HSA
Amabhanki, iimanyano zemali-mboleko, iinkampani zomshuwalense kunye namanye amaziko emali azinikezelwa kwaye ajongene ne-akhawunti ye-HSA. Umqeshi wakho unokumisela isicwangciso esiza kukunceda ubhalise.
Qaphela ukuba i-HSA yakho ayikho into oyithengayo; I-akhawunti yokulondoloza apho ungayifaka imali kwi-tax-prefred basis basis.
Yintoni iSicwangciso seMpilo esiPhezulu esiPhezulu?
Ukuba unquma ukuvula i-HSA, kufuneka ube nesicwangciso sezempilo esiphezulu-deductible (HDHP). I-HDHP luhlobo lwesicwangciso se-inshurensi yezempilo emele ihambisane nemigaqo ethile ye-IRS. Kukho imimiselo malunga nokunciphisa ubuncinci kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yokuphuma kwipokethi, kwaye isicwangciso asikwazi ukubonelela nayiphi na inzuzo ngaphandle kokunyamekela (njengoko kuchazwe yi-IRS) ngaphambi kokuba ichithwe.
Ngo-2018, i-HDHP inokudityaniswa okungenani i-$ 1,300 kumntu oyedwa, okanye i-$ 2,600 kwintsapho.
Kwaye isicwangciso asikwazi ukuba ne-out-of-pocket esiphezulu esingaphezu kwama-6,550 ayi-6,550 kumntu oyedwa, okanye i-$ 13,100 kwintsapho. Ixabiso leemfuno ezincinci ezifunekayo ezidityanisiweyo kunye ne-out-of-pocket zilungiswa rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze zilandele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Imida ephezulu kwiindleko ezingaphandle kwee-HDHP ziphantsi kunomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuphuma kweefowuni osebenza kwezinye izicwangciso . Ngo-2014, bekunye, kodwa ifomula esetyenziselwe ukwandisa imida ye-HDHP iyahlula kwifomula esetyenziselwa ukwandisa umda wokuphuma kwipokethi kwezinye iiplani, ngoko umda ophezulu uphambene nexesha.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-HDHP ezingenayo imida engaphezulu kwe-pocket, ii-HDHP azikho izicwangciso zeeprayimari eziphantsi kakhulu, eziya kubonakala ukuba uthengisa iifowuni yakho kwimarike nganye. Kodwa ukuba ukhetho lwakho lukhawulelwe ngumqeshi kunye nesinye sezicwangciso ezikhoyo i-HDHP, kuya kuba yiplani ephantsi kunazo zonke umqeshi wakho owenzayo, njengoko ezinye izicwangciso ezikhoyo zingabandakanya iintlawulo (njengama- copays ukutyelela iofisi, endaweni yoko kufuneka uhlawule iindleko ezipheleleyo zokutyelela iofisi) phambi kokuba unqunywe.
Unokusebenzisa i-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza impilo ukuze uncede ukuhlawula iindleko zakho izicwangciso zezempilo.
UDkt. Mike Inkcazo: I-Deductible - Ixabiso elichithwe ngumvuzo omele uhlawule ngawo-ngonyaka-mali kwiindleko ezinxulumene nempilo phambi kokuba umgaqo-nkqubo wakho womshuwalense uhlawule. Ngaphantsi kwe-HDHP (okufuneka ube nayo ukuze ufake isandla kwi-HSA), i-deductible yakho iya kubakho i-$ 1,300 ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubuncinane ama-2,600 ama-$ 600.
Ukubhalisa kwisiCwangciso seMpilo esiPhezulu
Nayiphi na inkampani ethengisa i-inshorensi yempilo kwimeko yakho ingaba ne-HDHP. Umqeshi wakho unokunika i-HDHP kwaye kufuneka ube nako ukufumana i-HDHP efanelekileyo ngokuqhagamshelana notshintshiselwano kwimeko yakho , inkampani yomshuwalense yangoku, okanye i-arhente okanye umthengisi onikwe ilayisensi yokuthengisa i-inshorensi yempilo kwimeko yakho. Isebe lakho le-inshurensi yomhlaba linokukwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi malunga neeHDH ezifanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo?
Ukupapashwa kwe-IRS 502 ichaza iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo njenge "iindleko zokuxilongwa, unyango, ukunciphisa, unyango, okanye ukukhusela izifo, kunye neendleko zonyango oluchaphazela nayiphi na inxalenye okanye umsebenzi womzimba." Ezi ndleko ziquka iintlawulo zeenkonzo zonyango ezinikezelwa ngamagqirha, oogqirha bamazinyo, kunye nezinye iingcali zonyango. Ziquka iindleko zezixhobo, iimpahla kunye nezixhobo zokuxilonga ezifunekayo kule njongo. "
Ngaphantsi kwemiqathango yoMthetho woNonophelo ongenakunceda, awuyi kuphinda uhlawulelwe ngaphandle kwerhafu kwiindleko zee-anti-counter-anti-medication, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho akunikeze umyalelo kubo.
Ziziphi iiNzuzo kunye neNgciliso yeeAkhawunti zokuSindisa impilo?
Isebe le-Nondyebo yase-US lichaza ukuba inzuzo ye-HSA kunye nee-HDHP ziquka:
- Banikezela ukhuseleko ngokukhusela kwiinqununu eziphezulu okanye ezingalindelekanga.
- Ubungakanani bunokuthi bunokuhlawuleka kakhulu ngenxa yeeprama zomshuwalense wezempilo, ngenxa yokuba izicwangciso azenzi.
- Unenkqubela yokusebenzisa imali kwi-akhawunti yakho ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango, kubandakanywa neendleko zakho ezingabonakali.
- Ungayigcina imali kwi-akhawunti yakho kwiindleko zonyango ezizayo.
- Unako ukukhulisa i-akhawunti yakho ngokufumana imali yokufumana imali.
- Ukwenza zonke izigqibo malunga nokuba uninzi lwemali engayifaka kwi-akhawunti yakho, nokuba uyayigcina imali kwiindleko zexesha elizayo okanye uhlawule iindleko zonyango zangoku, kwaye yiziphi iindleko zonyango ozozihlawula ngemali ye-HSA. Unokukhetha ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango kunye nemali engekho ye-HSA (oko kukuthi, nangemali yentela), gcina iirisiti zakho, uze uzibuyisele iminyaka okanye emashumi emva kamva, ngemali engenayo irhafu kwi-HSA. Ngale ndlela, i-HSA ingasetyenziselwa njengengxowa-mali yongxamiseko okanye i-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi kwangaphambili.
- Ungagcina i-HSA yakho nangona utshintshe imisebenzi, utshintshe ukukhutshwa kwonyango, ungasebenzi, uye kwenye indawo, okanye utshintshe isimo sakho somtshato. Unokwenza kuphela umrhumo kwi-HSA yakho ngexesha le-HDHP. Kodwa imali kwi-HSA ingeyakho kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-inshurensi yezempilo (okanye ungenayo) ngelo xesha.
- Iimali zakho zihlala kwi-akhawunti unyaka nonyaka - akukho "ukuyisebenzisa okanye ukuyilahleka" imigaqo
Ukongezelela, i-HSA yakho ikubonelela ngokulondolozwa kwentela kathathu:
- ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu xa unika igalelo kwiakhawunti yakho
- imali engenayo irhafu ngokutyalomali
- ukurhoxiswa kweerhafu kwiimfuno zonyango ezifanelekileyo
Imibutho yabathengi, kubandakanywa iNyunyana yabathengi, umvakalisi weeNgxelo zabathengi, baye baxhalabisa ii-HSA kuba banika inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu abasemgangathweni abangenalo abaxhomekeke kwiintlawulo zabo.
> Imithombo:
> INkonzo yeNgeniso yangaphakathi. Umthetho woNonophelo ongenakunceda: Imibuzo kunye nezimpendulo kwi-Counter Counter and drugs.
> INkonzo yeNgeniso yangaphakathi. I-Bulletin yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Inombolo yeBulletin 2018-10 , Matshi 5, 2018.
> INkonzo yeNgeniso yangaphakathi. Ukupapashwa kwama-502 . Iindleko zonyango kunye namazinyo .
> INkonzo yeNgeniso yangaphakathi. Ukupapashwa kwe-969 (2017) IiAkhawunti ze-Savings Health kunye nezinye iziCwangciso zeMpilo eziNcedisiweyo.