Ukunxibelelana okulungileyo kudokotela (okanye ugqirha wamazinyo okanye isibhedlele) kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela oku, abalobi beMerika abakhubazekileyo (ADA) baquka ulwimi oluthe ngqo malunga nokufikelela kwezonxibelelwano zabantu abazizithulu nabanzima abantu abavayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziganeko ezininzi zokungaphumeleli (okanye ukugatywa ngokuthe ngqo) kwezibonelelo zonyango ukubonelela abaguquleli beelwimi.
Esi sihloko sithintele kum. Ngenxa yokunxibelelana okungenamsebenzi, ndiphantse ndilahleka iinto ezintle ukuze ndikhutshwe ngenxa yokuba udokotela wamazinyo akazange akhulume ngokufanelekileyo. Ndandingumongameli womlomo wengqungquthela yomlomo xa ejonga ngokukhawuleza yam x-rays, ebizwa ngokuba yiofisi yamazinyo, kwaye ndazimisela ukuba andizange ndiyidinga inyosi ekhishwe.
Isihloko III se-ADA
Isihloko III se-ADA siquka ukufikelela kwiindawo zokuhlala zoluntu. I-Subchapter III - IiNkonzo zoLuntu kunye neeNkonzo eziSebenza ngamaziko abucala, iCandelo le-12181, Iinkcazo, zithi le mizekelo elandelayo ibandakanywa kwiindawo zoluntu:
(F) i-laundromat, i-dryer-cleaner, ibhanki, i-barber shop, ivenkile yobuhle, inkonzo yokuhamba, inkonzo yokulungisa isambatho, indawo yokungcwaba, isitishi segesi, i-ofisi ye-akhawunti okanye igqwetha, i-pharmacy, i-inshurensi ofisi, , isibhedlele , okanye esinye isiseko seenkonzo;
Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kweCandelo III kweSebe lezoBulungisa lithi:
Iindawo zokuhlala zoluntu ziquka ... iiofisi zonyango , izibhedlele , ...
Ukuchazwa okufanayo kuthetha ukuba indawo yokuhlala kawonkewonke kufuneka "Yenze izinto ezincedisayo xa kunesidingo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba umthwalo ongenakuncedo okanye utshintsho olusisiseko luza kubangela." (Ukuguqulwa okuphambili kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumashishini.
Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha akayi kuphinda akwazi ukubonelela ngonyango).
Xa Kufuneka Utoliki?
"Uncedo olungumncedisi" njengoko kuchaziwe yi-ADA lithetha " abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwenza izinto ezilungiselelwe zifumaneke kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa." Ezinye izindlela zithetha iindlela ezifana nokubhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ephepheni okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela zonxibelelwano zekhompyutha. Ngako-ke itikikiki iyimfuneko? Lo mbuzo uphendule kakuhle kwiSebe lezoBulungisa kwi-ADA.
Umhlahlandlela woNcedo lwezobuchwepheshe we-ADA, uphendula umbuzo othi "Ngubani na ogqibayo ukuba uncedo luni olufunekayo?" ngokuchaza ukuba indawo yokuhlala kawonkewonke, umz. ugqirha weofisi, uyenzela ukwenza "isigqibo esiphezulu" malunga nendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo, ngokungakhathaliseki indlela ekhethiweyo ibangela ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo . Kukho ukungavumelani malunga nento eyenza ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo. Umqulu woNcedo lwezoBugcisa uthi:
Ugqirha kufuneka anikwe ithuba lokubonisana nesigulane kwaye enze uvavanyo oluzimeleyo luni na uhlobo loncedo loncedo, ukuba lukhona, luyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olufanelekileyo. Ukuba isigulane sikholelwa ukuba isigqibo sesigqirha asiyi kukhokelela ekunxibelelaneni ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko isigulane sinokuluselela eso sigqibo phantsi kwesihloko sesi-III ngokuqalisa inkundla okanye ukufaka isikhalazo kwiSebe lezoBulungisa ...
Umqulu woNcedo lwezoBugcisa unemizekelo ethile xa isichazi-mfuneko imfuneko xa kuthethwa iinguqulelo. Ukuxhaswa kuka-1994 kuMqulu woNcedo lwezoBuchule kubonisa imizekelo emibini. Kwimzekelo yokuqala, umntu oyisithulu uya kudokotela ukuze ahlolwe rhoqo; amanqaku kunye nemiqondiso ibonwa njengamkelekileyo. Kwimizekelo yesibini, umntu oyisisithulu ofanayo usandul 'uhlangothi kwaye ufuna iimviwo ezingaphezulu; iinguqulelo ibonwa njengimfuneko kuba unxibelelwano lunzulu ngakumbi.
Ukufumana oogqirha, iiDentists, izibhedlele ukuthobela
Omnye umqobo wokufumana abatoliki "ngumthwalo ongenakuncedo".
Ukulwa nale nto, uMbutho weSizwe weZizithulu (NAD) unomxholo we-intanethi oxelela abantu abayizithulu ukuba baxelele ababoneleli ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuqeshwa, ukuba badinga ukutolika. Ukongeza, ithetha ukuba umboneleli wezempilo uyakuhlawula itoliki nokuba ngaba indleko yenguquliki iphezulu kuneendleko zokutyelela. Ngaphantsi kwiphepha leshidi, kukho iziqhagamshelana nakwiimeko ze-NAD uMthetho kunye neZiko loLwazi lokubandakanyeka elibandakanyekayo kulo. Iphepha le-NAD elinxulumene nexesha elide, Imibuzo neempendulo zeBonelelo ngezeMpilo, linolunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo olunjengokuba Iindleko zeetoliki kumgqirha unokubanjelwa ngetyala lentlawulo.
Iingxoxo eziguqulelweyo
ISebe lezoBulungisa li-program ye-ADA Mediation, apho amaqela athetha ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo. Le mizekelo esicatshulwayo yamatyala afanelekileyo aquka abatoliki kwiindawo zonyango banikwe kwiphepha le-ADA Mediation Programme:
- Ugqirha owenqaba ukuhlawula isetliki uvumelekile ukuqesha abatoliki.
- Omnye ugqirha wavuma ukuhlawula abatoliki kunye nokugcina uluhlu lwabaguquli abafanelekileyo ukubiza.
Iimviwo ze-ADA ezibandakanya abaguquleli
ISebe lezoBulungisa lipapasha i-newsletter ye-intanethi, iindaba ezizimeleyo ze-Intanethi kwi-intanethi, equle imizekelo yamatyala aquka oogqirha, amazinyo kunye nezibhedlele. Ngezantsi imizekelo efingqiweyo ifumaneka. Kwezinye iimeko zesibhedlele, izigulana ezizithulu okanye ezivayo zisegumbini lokuxakeka xa zifuneka kodwa zazingathathanga, kwaye / okanye babengenalo abaguquleli kwisibhedlele sabo.
Izigulane ezisisithulu zasoloko zilawulwa iziyobisi kunye neenkqubo ngaphandle kokuqonda oko kwenzekayo, okanye amalungu omndeni ayanyanzelekile ukuba asebenze ngokungafanelekanga njengabaguquli be-ad hoc.
- Ngo-Agasti 2007: Isibhedlele saseRhode Island sihleli kwaye sivuma ukubonelela abaguquleli.
- NgoJuni 2007: Isibhedlele saseVirginia sihlala kwaye sivuma ukubonelela abaguquleli amalungu osapho abangevayo kwizigulana zendlebe.
- NgoDisemba 2006: Isibhedlele saseLouonana sihleli kwaye siyavuma ukubonelela abaguquli abazizithulu.
- Oktobha 2006: Isibhedlele saseFlorida sahlala kwaye savuma ukubonelela abaguquleli.
- Ngo-Agasti 2006: Isibhedlele saseMalleni esasesebenzisa iinguqulelo zevidiyo, kuvunyelwene ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezichazayo zeevidiyo.
- NgoJuni 2006: Amatyala asibhozo:
- Iofisi yamazinyo yase-Indiana yavuma ukubonelela abatolika kwiinkqubo ezinzima.
- Udokotela waseMinnesota wavuma ukuba anikezele abaguquleli.
- Udokotela waseGeorgia uvumile ukuba anikezele abaguquleli.
- Ugqirha kwiphondo laseNavada yasemaphandleni wavuma ukubonelela abatolika.
- Udokotela waseFlorida uvumelekile ukubonelela abaguquleli.
- Udokotela waseMichigan wavuma ukubonelela abaguquleli esikhundleni sokucela isigulane esisisithulu ukuba sisebenzise ilungu lentsapho.
- Udokotela wamazinyo waseNevada wavuma ukunika unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo.
- Ingcali yezokwelapha yase-Illinois yavuma ukunikela abatolika.
- NgoFebruwari 2006: Isibhedlele saseDelaware savuma ukubonelela abaguquleli. Isigulane sasingenaso isichazili kwigumbi loxinzelelo okanye kulo lonke ixesha lokuhlala kwakhe.
- NgoSeptemba 2005: Isibhedlele saseWashington, DC savuma ukubonelela isitshixo okanye enye inxibelelwano efanelekileyo.
- Disemba 2004: Amatyala amathathu:
- Isibhedlele saseMaldinzana savuma ukubonelela abaguquleli.
- E-Tennessee, oogqirha abathathu bavuma ukubonelela abaguquleli kwisicatshulwa esifanayo.
- I-dentist yase-Iowa yavuma ukunikela abatolika.
Imithombo (ifumaneka 11/21/07):
Umhlahlandlela woNcedo lwezobuchwepheshe lobuchwephesha we-ADA, 1994, i-http: //www.ada.gov/taman3up.html
I-ADA Isihloko III Umbhalo woNcedo lwezobuchwepheshe, http://www.ada.gov/taman3.html
UMerika onokukhubazeka uMthetho we-1990, http://www.ada.gov/pubs/ada.htm
ISebe lezoBulungisa ku-ADA Programme, http://www.ada.gov/mediate.htm
IiNdaba zokuLungisa amalungelo kwi-Intanethi, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/disabilitynews.htm
Oogqirha - uMbutho weSizwe wezithulu, http://www.nad.org/doctors
Izihloko eziphezulu zeSihloko III, http://www.ada.gov/t3hilght.htm