Iinjongo zoPhuhliso lweMillennium (i-MDGs) ziinjongo zesisigxina eziqulunqwe yiZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UN) ngo-2000, ezijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bomhlaba, impilo, imfundo, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo ngo-2015. umnxeba "wokumisa nokutshintsha" ukusasazeka kwe-HIV, isifo sofuba kunye ne-malariya-ngokukodwa kwiindawo eziphezulu kakhulu ezifana ne-Sub-Saharan Africa.
Ukuze ufezekise le njongo, ininzi yemibutho, kuquka iNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-HIV / AIDS (i-UNAIDS), ibeke iithagethi ezilinganisekayo zokunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kwehlabathi lonke kunye nesiganeko se-HIV, kodwa ezininzi izithintelo zoluntu eziqhubekayo zokuphazamisa imizamo yezempilo yoluntu (kubandakanywa nesifo sengculaza , ubundlobongela besini, kunye nokuphulwa kwe-HIV ).
Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwe-MDGs, kukho izibini kunye nokukhathazeka malunga nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokuqala ye-UN, ngokunikezelwa kokungahambelani kwemali ngokukhawuleza kwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka-kunokuba kuncitshiswe inani lokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane ezintsha. inani lezona zinto ziphambili, kuquka uMzantsi Afrika ne-Uganda.
Injongo # 1: Ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwezesondo nge-HIV ngo-50%
Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2011, iziganeko zentsholongwane kaGawulayo entsha zanyuka malunga ne-21% yehlabathi. Nangona iindaba eziphathekayo zinikezelwa kwingxelo ye-UNAIDS ngoSeptemba 2013 ekhankanya ukuhla kwe-33% kwiintsholongwane ezintsha, loo nombolo yayiquka bonke abadala kunye nabantwana.
Ukususela kwimiba yokudluliselwa ngesondo kuphela-ngokukodwa phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-15-24-ukuncipha kuyisigamu sezinto eziye zabonwa yi-UNAIDS, ininzi idatha ibonisa ukuhla kwe-25% kwi-Sub-Saharan Afrika nakwezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo.
Okumalunga noko kunjalo inani elinyukayo lokungenwa kwintsholongwane echazwe kwiMpuma Yurophu nakwi-Asia Ephakathi, ephindwe kabini ukusuka ngo-2001 (eqhutywa ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zonyango).
Ngokufanayo, ukungaphumeleli ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kubantu abalala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) kuya kuba negalelo ekwenzeni phezulu okanye ukunyuka kwamanani kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlisiwe kunye angavelwanga.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iimpumelelo ezimangalisayo ziye zaphunyezwa kwiiCaribbean, apho izinga elitsha lokusuleleka liye lawela ngo-43% ngexesha elifanayo.
Injongo yesi-2: Beka abantu abayi-15 yezigidi zabantu abane-HIV kwi-Antiretroviral Therapy
Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2014, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezi-3 kumazwe asakhulayo babekwe kwi- antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Izikhokelo zonyango ezandisiweyo ezikhutshwe yi-World Health Organisation (WHO) ngo-2013-apho unyango oluya kuqaliswa kwiingxelo ze-CD4 ezingama-500 / i-mL okanye ngaphantsi-ziya kukwandisa kuphela ukufikelela kwe-ART.
Nangona kukho ukuqhubela phambili, iinjongo zeMDC zilahlekelwe ngo-2010, kuphela ngama-55% abantu abayizigidi ezili-14.4 abadinga i-ART ngokwenene bayayifumana. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuphela i-28% yabantwana abafanelekileyo abanokufikelela kwi-ART, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha seyabasetyhini kwi-ART (63%).
Ukususela ngoJuni ka-2013, inqaku eliphezulu le-ART liye laphunyezwa kwiLatin America naseCaribbean (i-68%), neMpuma Yurophu ne-Asia Ephakathi libonisa ukungafihli (19%).
Ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo yangoku, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufikelele ekujoliswe kuyo kwizigidi ezili-15 kwi-ART ekupheleni kuka-2015, ngokukodwa njengoko ukuthengwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kuye kwacutha iindleko zeerimenjini zezilwanyana kwi-8 engama ngenyanga.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba amazinga omatsha amasha athatyathwa ngamanqaku angama-50% ngo-2020, baninzi abanethemba, uqoqosho lwe-ART ukunyuka koluntu luya kuba lukhulu.
Injongo # 3: Ukuphelisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kwaMama ukuya koMntwana kunye nokunciphisa ukubulawa kwabantwana abangama-AIDS ngokumalunga no-AIDS.
Ngo-Juni 2013, i-UNAIDS yathi amazwe asixhenxe ase-Afrika aphumelele ukunciphisa ama-50% kwiintsholongwane zintsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kwabantwana ukususela ngo-2009. Impumelelo enkulu ngenxa yeenkqubo zokulwa ne-antiretroviral ukukhusela ukudluliselwa komama kumntwana (MTCT), kunye ne-75% ukufikelela kwizinto ezininzi eziphambili. EMzantsi Afrika kuphela, ama-MTCT ahlahlile kwi-5% emangalisayo, ehla ukusuka kuma-37% ngo-2000.
Ngokufanayo, ukungenelela kwe-MTCT e-Botswana naseNamibia ngoku kungaphezulu kwe-90%, kufutshane nento eza kuthathwa njenge-universal coverage kule ndawo ebalulekileyo.
Ngokubhekiselele ekufeni kwabantu abantwana, ii-MDG zifuna ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantwana abanesifo se-HIV ukuya kuma-38 okufa kubantwana abayi-100 000. Uninzi lwedatha lubonisa ukuba ezi njongo zifumaneka, kunye namazwe anjengeMzantsi Afrika abiza njengambalwa nje ngokufa kwe-HIV kubantwana abayi-100 000 ngokuzalwa ngo-2014.
Sekunjalo, kukho ukukhathazeka malunga nenani labantwana abafumana ii-ART. Nangona i-postage yanda nge-15% ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2011, loo manani abuyele emva kwala madoda amadoda nabafazi abadala (21%).
Injongo # 4: Nciphisa inani leThubhiyolo ekufeni kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV
I-MDG zicele ukunciphisa isifo sofuba (TB) -ukufa kwabantu abaphila ne-HIV ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-250,000 ngo-2015. Nangona i-TB isalayona nto ibangela ukuba ukufa kwale nxalenye yabantu abaxhamliweyo, inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo eziphambili, kunye ne-17 kwengu-44 yokunika ingxelo engaphezulu kwama-50% ekunciphisweni kokufa ngo-2013.
Ngokubanzi, kuye kwaba nokunciphisa ama-38% ekufeni okuhlobene ne-TB, okuqinisekisiwe ngokuchongwa okukhulu kwe-TB, ukulawulwa kokutheleleka okukhulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimiyeza yeprophylactic ukukhusela usulelo lwabantu abasengozini.
Ufikelelo olwandisiweyo lwe-ART luye lwafaka isandla ekunciphiseni izinga, ngokukodwa ngokuphunyezwa "kwonyango ngokuthe ngqo" (DOT) kumazwe amaninzi aphezulu. Isicwangciso, apho izidakamizwa ze-TB zinikwe imihla ngemihla ngabalindi abanamathelisi abaqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo, kuye kwaphumela ekutheni izinga lokunyanga elingu-85% elincinci kwezinye zeziqithi ezinzima kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni emingeni eyithintela inkqubela phambili. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kweyesithathu kumaziko enyango ye-TB ayinikezeli i-DOT, ngelixa amaninzi amatyala e-TB engaxhatshazwayo angasifumananga okanye ayaphathwa ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo ezimiselweyo ze-WHO. Okunye okubhekiselele kwinto yokuba, kumazwe anentsholongwane ephezulu yeHIV / TB, kuphela eKenya naseMalawi abahambisa i-ART ngaphezulu kwama-50% amacala. Kufuneka kwenziwe inkqubela phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukunciphisa ukufelwa kwe-TB echaphazelekayo kule mimandla.
Imithombo:
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IBhunga loPhando lwezesayensi (Human Sciences Research Council) (HSRC). "Uvavanyo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, iNkcazo kunye noPhulo lwaBantu baseMzantsi Afrika, ngo-2012." EPitoli, eMzantsi Afrika; papashwa ngo-Apreli 1, 2014.
Inkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Ingxelo yeNtuthuko ka-2013 kwiSicwangciso seSizwe." Geneva, eSwitzerland; papashwa ngoJuni 2013.
Inkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "I-UNAIDS ibika ukunciphisa ama-52% kwiintsholongwane ezintsha ze-HIV phakathi kwabantwana kunye nokunciphisa ama-33% ekunciphiseni abantu abadala nabantwana ukususela ngo-2001." Geneva, eSwitzerland; ukukhutshwa kwenkxaso ekhutshwa ngoSeptemba 23, 2013
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "Izikhokelo ezihlanganisiweyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antiretroviral ukunyanga nokukhusela intsholongwane kaGawulayo." Geneva, eSwitzerland; kukhutshwa ngoJuni 30, 2013.
Inkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Ukongiwa kweMzantsi Afrika ekuthengeni izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral ukwandisa ukufikelela kwonyango kubantu abaphila ne-HIV." Geneva, eSwitzerland; inkcazelo yokukhuphela ipapashwe ngoNovemba 30, 2012.
UFriedan, T. noSbarbaro, J. "Ukukhuthaza ukunyanzelisa unyango lwesifo sofuba: ukubaluleka kokubona ngokuthe ngqo." I-Bulletin kwi-World Health Organization. Geneva, eSwitzerland; Meyi 2007; 85 (5) 325-420.