Umbuzo: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-HIV iqhubele phambili kwi-AIDS?
Impendulo: Kuzo zonke iimeko ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo, xa zingashiywanga zingaphendulwa, i-HIV iya kuqhubela phambili kwisigaba sentsholongwane esibizwa ngokuba ngu-AIDS. Yilapho ukukhuselwa kwe-immune kuye kwanyanzeliswa, kwaye umzimba awukwazi ukuzivikela ngokubhekiselele kwizifo ezingasongela ubomi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha elithathayo ukusukela ekusulelekeni koGawulayo ukuya kuGawulayo liphakathi kweminyaka engama-5-10 ukuba akukho nongenelelo lwonyango olwenziwa.
Ukungafani ngexesha kungenziwa ngenxa yeliphi na lezinto, kuquka:
- Uhlobo lwe-HIV lomnxeba umntu osulelekileyo (enye inokuba yinto engaphantsi kunezinye )
- Impilo jikelele yomntu ngamnye
- Indawo apho umntu ehlala khona (kuquka ukufikelela kwezempilo, iziganeko zezifo okanye izifo)
- Imfuza yomntu okanye imbali yentsapho
- Ukubhema kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphila
Oku kunjalo, ukuba umntu akafumani unyango. Umfanekiso uguqulwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba wenza ntoni.
Ukususela ngo-1996, ukuqaliswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral kuye kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukunyuka kwendalo kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo. Nangona i-HIV ingenako ukuphiliswa, abantu abasandul 'ufumane i-HIV abafumana unyango kwaye bahlale bekhathalele kulindeleke ukuba basondele ngokuqhelekileyo kwizilwanyana eziqhelekileyo. Nje ngezinye izifo ezingapheliyo, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kuyona nto ebalulekileyo ekuboneni nasekuphatheni intsholongwane ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqonda iiNqanaba zeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Izigaba zentsholongwane kumntu ukuya kumntu ziyahluka kancinci, zombini ubunzima kunye nesantya sokuqhubela phambili. Ezi zigaba imephu yokutshatyalaliswa kwamaseli omzimba (okubizwa ngokuba ngama- CD4 T-cells ) njengoko ukhuseleko lomzimba luya kuhlaziya ngakumbi. Ngenkqubela nganye, umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwezifo (I-OI) unyuke ukwenzela ukuba i-immune system ithatyathwe ngokupheleleyo.
Kule nqanaba ukuba umngcipheko wokugula nokufa kuphezulu.
Izigaba zentsholongwane zingabalwa ngokulandelelweyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Usulelo olusisigxina - isigaba apho umzimba ulwa nosulelo olutsha, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubangela impendulo ephawulekayo, evuzayo ebizwa ngokuba yi- acute retrovirus syndrome (okanye i-ARS) .
- Usuleleko olungapheliyo - emva kokusuleleka kosuleleko lulawulwa yinkqubo yokukhusela i-immune system, intsholongwane ifihla kwiindawo zokugcina izixhobo zamaselula , zingabonakali ngokukhuselwa komzimba. Isigaba esingapheliyo (okanye esisigxina) sentsholongwane sinokuhlala iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka kwabanye abantu de kubekho ixesha elifanelekileyo njengoko iifayili ezifihliweyo ziphinde zenziwe (ngokuqhelekileyo xa isistim somzimba siphumelele ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-OI isigaba esilandelayo iqhubeka).
- UGawulayo - isigaba esichazwe ngokwasemthethweni njengendlela yokuchaza ngengculazi okanye inani le-CD4 elingaphantsi kwama-200 cells / mL.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-AIDS akuthethi ukuba umntu uya kugula okanye afe, nangona ukuba amathuba okunjalo aphezulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Kwakhona akuthethi ukuba umntu unokuphucula kwimeko apho engasenayo i-AIDS ngesinye. Nangona umntu une- CD4 count engaphantsi kweeseli ezili-100 / mL, ukuqaliswa kwonyango lwe- antiretroviral kunokuvuselela ukusebenza komzimba, ngamanye amaxesha kumanqanaba athathwa njengesiqhelo ukuqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ithuba lokuhlaziya ngokukhuselana nomzimba linciphisa ixesha elide umntu elinde. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lunikezwe ngexesha lokuxilongwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yi-CD4 count, kwaye loo mntu uhlala enamathele kunyango ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe.
Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "1993 Inkqubo yokuHlalwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noPhengululo oluPhakamileyo lweNgcaciso yoGawulayo phakathi koLutsha kunye nabantu abadala." Ukufa kunye neNgcaciso yeeNgxelo zeveki. Disemba 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
Djawe, K .; Buchacz, K .; Hsu, L., et al. "Umngcipheko wokufa emva koGawulayo-Ukuchaza ukugula okuthe tye phakathi kwabantu abane-HIV-San Francisco, ngo-1981-2012." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. Juni 3, 2015; 212 (9): 1366-1375.