Imephu yeNgxelo yokuVikela ngeNtsholongwane iyasisenza sihlakulele izidakamizwa ze-HIV
Ukuqonda umjikelezo wobomi be-HIV kuye kwenza ukuba kube nokuphuhlisa izidakamizwa esisebenzisayo ukuphathwa kwesi sifo. Ivumela ukuba sibone indlela intsholongwane eyenza ngayo ikopi ngokwayo, leyo leyo ivumela ukuba sihlakulele iindlela zokuvimba (okanye ukuvimbela) inkqubo.
Umjikelezo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo uhlulwe ngokwahlukileyo kwiinqanaba ezi-6 ezihlukeneyo, ukususela kwisithintelo segciwane kwisitokethi somnxeba ukuya kwi-new-circulating HIV virions ( echazwe ).
Isiqhotyoshelo seNtsholongwane
Xa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingena emzimbeni (ngokuqhelekileyo ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi, okanye ukutshintshwa komama kumntwana), lifuna iseli esiphezulu ukuze lizalise. Umncedisi kwimeko apho i- CD4 T-cell isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukhuselwa komzimba.
Ukuze uhlaselwe iseli, kufuneka udibanise ngendlela ye-lock-and-kay. Izihluthulelo ziiprotheni phezu kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo enamathele kwiprotheni eyongezelelweyo kwi-cell4 cell kwiindlela ezingundoqo ezingena kwisitshixo. Oku kuyaziwa ngokuba yi- viral attachment .
Isinamathiselo esiyintsholongwane ekhutshwe yi-entry inhibitor-class class called iSelzentry (maraviroc) .
Ukubopha kunye nokuxuba
Emva kokufakwe kwiseli, i-HIV ijoba iiprotheni zayo kwiiselluli zamaseli (i-cytoplasm) yeT-cell. Oku kubangele ukuxubana kwe membrane yeseli kwimvulophu yangaphandle ye-HIV. Le nqanaba liyazi ukuba i-fusion fusion .Okunye, intsholongwane inako ukufaka iseli.
Isiza esisijova esibizwa ngokuba yi-Fuzeon (enfurvitide) sikwazi ukuphazamisa ukuxuba kwe-virus.
Ukungcola ngeNtsholongwane
INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO isebenzisa izinto zayo zofuzo (RNA) ukuze zivelise ngokuphanga umbane we-cell cell. Ngokwenza njalo, inokukhupha iikopi ezininzi. Inkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi- viral uncoating , ifuna ukuba iingubo ezikhuselekileyo ezijikeleze i-RNA kufuneka zichithwe. Ngaphandle kwesi sinyathelo, ukuguqulwa kwe-RNA ukuya kwi-DNA (izakhiwo ze-virus entsha) akunakwenzeka.
Ukubhaliselwa kunye nokuguqulelwa
Ngesinye iseli, enye i-RNA echanekileyo ye-HIV kufuneka iguqulwe kwiDNA ephindwe kabini. Ifezekisa ngoku ngoncedo lwe-enzyme ebizwa nge- transverse transcriptase .
Ukuguqula i-transcriptase isebenzisa izibhloko zokwakha ukusuka kwi-T-cell ukubhalisisa ngokoqobo izinto eziphathekayo kwi-RNA ukuya kwi-DNA. Xa iDNA eguqukileyo, umshini wezakhi zofuzo unokododa olufunekayo ukwenza ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane.
Izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuba yi-reverse transcriptase inhibitors zingavimba le nkqubo ngokupheleleyo. Iintlobo ezintathu zeziyobisi, i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs), i-nucleotide transcriptase inhibitors (i-NtRTIs) kunye ne-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NNRTIs), iqulethe imilinganiselo yeeprotheni ezizifaka zona kwi-DNA ekhulayo. Ngokwenza njalo, i-DNA edibeneyo ye-DNA ayinakwenziwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kuvinjelwe.
I-Retrovir (zidovudine), i-Ziagen (abacavir), i- Sustiva (efavirenz) ne-Viread (i-tenofovir) ziphela ze-reverse transcriptase inhibitors ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-HIV.
Ukuhlanganiswa
Ukuze i-HIV igxininise umatshini we-genetic yesitethi yomncedisi, kufuneka idibanise i-DNA entsha esele yenziwe kwinucleus yeseli. Izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuba yi- integrase inhibitors zinamandla kakhulu okuthintela isigaba sokudibanisa ngokuthintela i-enzyme ye-integrase esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa izinto eziphathekayo.
Isentress (ratelgraviv), i-Tivicay (dolutegravir), ne-Vitekta (elvitegravir) yintathu ye-integrase inhibitors.
Ndibano
Emva kokuhlanganiswa, i-HIV kufuneka yenze iibhloko zakhiwo zeprotheni ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa intsholongwane entsha. Iyenjenjalo nge-protease enzyme, eyenza iiprotheni ibe yincinci encinane ize iqokelele iziqwenga ezintsha, zenze i-HIV virions ngokupheleleyo.
Iklasi leziyobisi ebizwa ngokuthi iprotease inhibitors inokuthi ikhusele ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yendibano . I-Tbese ibandakanya izidakamizwa njenge-Prezista (darunavir) kunye neReyataz (atazanavir).
Ukukhula kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo
Omnye ama-virions ahlanganisene, ahamba kwisigaba sokugqibela apho izilwanyana ezivuthiweyo zivela kwi-cell host host.
Emva kokukhishwa kwi-free circulation, ezi virions ziya kuhlasela enye iseli ye-host kwaye ziqalise kwakhona umjikelezo wokuphindaphinda.
Akukho ziyobisi ezinokuthintela ukukhula komzimba kunye nenkqubo yokuqhawula .