Ngaba uyazi ukuba amabhinqa angama-20 ehlabathini lonke aphila ne-HIV (i-virus immunodeficiency virus) kunye noGawulayo (i-immunodeficiency syndrome)? Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) ngokupheleleyo isigamu salabo abaphila ne-HIV / AIDS ngaba bafazi abayizigidi ezingama-20.
Iingxelo ze-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) zithi i-159,271 yabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini abadala bafumana ingculaza ekupheleni kuka-2002.
Amanani ase-US amacala aseGawulayo kunye nabasetyhini abasetyhini baphela ngokuphindwe kabini ukusuka kuma-7 ekhulwini ngo-1985 ukuya kuma-26 ekhulwini ngo-2002. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba, nangona la manani, ama-AIDS amantsholongwane nabasetyhini bawa ngama-17 ekhulwini ngeli xesha kwaye zinyulwe ngenxa yempembelelo ye-antiretroviral ephumelelayo enokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-HIV kwi-AIDS.
Ngokudabukisayo, malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zeengculaza ezixelwe kwi-CDC ngoDisemba 2002 zenzeke kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-25 okanye abatsha. Nangona abafazi baseSpain okanye abaseAfrika-baseMelika bakha ngaphantsi kwama-25 ekhulwini labemi base-United States, babecala ngamaphesenti angama-82 e-AIDS kwimeko yabasetyhini.
Usuleleka njani iHIV?
Ehlabathini lonke, indlela ephambili yokudlulisela i-HIV yindlela yokulala ngokwesondo kunye neepesenti ezingaphezu kwe-90 yazo zonke iintsholongwane kunye nabantu abadala abadala abaneNtsholongwane kaGawulayo eyenzeka ngale ndlela. Ebudlelwaneni bobudlelwane bobudlelwane be-Sexualism in the US yabangama-42 ekhulwini lamatyala amatsha ka-HIV ngo-2002, ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-21 zentsholongwane kaGawulayo entsha kwi-HIV yabakhulayo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Nangona intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingenzeka kwizondo zombini ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, i-risk for women is greater. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ze-vaginal mucosal kwi-semin fluid ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kukubangela ukuba oku. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zengculaza, ngaphambili kwenkqubo yokuhlola igazi kunye nemveliso yegazi ye-antibodies, i-HIV yenzeke kwezinye izigulane ngenxa yokufumana igazi kunye nemveliso yegazi.
Ezinye iindlela ezithathelwana nge-HIV ziquka:
- Ukungena kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, okanye ukwabelana okanye ukusebenzisa iisaliti ezisetyenziswa ngaphambili
- Ukulala ngokwesini
- Ukuqhagamshelana nomnye umntu omzimba njengamanzi, iimbongolo, okanye izityhi zangasese (akubandakanyi ukujuluka okanye umquba.)
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukulala ngesondo kubandakanya ubulili kunye nokulala , kunye nesondo lomlomo .
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-HIV / AIDS?
Ngelixa amadoda namabhinqa bafumana ezininzi iimpawu ezifanayo, abafazi bahlala bejamelana neminye imiqondiso yabasetyhini abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo njengaye:
- Izifo ezithintekayo okanye ezisisigxina zesisu, ikakhulukazi izifo zesilonda esiswini .
- I-Pap smears ezibonisa i- dysplasia yomlomo wesibeleko okanye enye inguqu engaqhelekanga.
- Izifo ezinjengesipelvic ezifana nesifo seplavic (PID.).
Nangona abafazi abane-HIV bahlala befumana le miba yempilo yabasetyhini, abafazi abangenayo i-HIV banokufumana izifo zentsholongwane , ii- Pap smears ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezifo zentlungu.
Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ezingabonisa ukusuleleka ngu-HIV ziquka:
- Iimfazwe zesini
- Izilonda zesisu
- Ukutheleleka kwe-herpes mucosal
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiiveki ezimbalwa zentsholongwane, amadoda namabhinqa bafumana iimpawu ezinjenge-flu. Abanye abafumana iimpawu okanye iimpawu ze-HIV okanye i-AIDS kude kube yiminyaka emininzi kamva.
Oku kwenza ukuba kuhlolwe uvavanyo lwe-HIV kunyanzelekile kulabo abanokuziphatha okubangelwa yingozi okanye yangaphambili. Ezinye iimpawu zihlala zifumana ukuba i-HIV / AIDS iyaqhubeka iquka:
- Ukukhupha i-lymph glands entanyeni, kwindawo engaphili, okanye i-groin
- Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya ukukhupha ebusuku
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokutya
- Ukukhathala rhoqo
- Ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nesifo sohudo
- Amabala amhlophe okanye iimpawu ezingavamile emlonyeni
Khumbula, yodwa indlela oyaziyo ukuba ngaba unayo i-HIV / AIDS.
Ziziphi iindlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi obuphezulu?
Ngenxa yokuba siyazi ukuba i-HIV, intsholongwane ebangela i-AIDS, idluliselwa ngamanzi omzimba afana negazi, isilumko, kunye nemigca yamanzi, kulula ukuqonda ukuba iimpawu ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezinxulumene ne-HIV / AIDS zibandakanya:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku okanye kwimbali yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngokusebenzisa iipringe ze-hypodermic
- Imbali yokulala ngesidakamizwa okanye imali
- Ukuba nesondo esingakhuselekanga nomntu olala ngesinye indoda
- Ukuba nesondo esingakhuselekanga nomntu okwangokunjalo okanye owenziwe ngamachiza esitalato ngaphambili
- Imbali yamalingani amaninzi eentlobano zesini, nokuba neqabane eliqulethwe yimbali ebandakanya amaqabane amaninzi ezesondo
- Ukuba nesondo esingakhuselekanga nomntu onayo nayiphi na yale mingcipheko
Umngcipheko wakho we-HIV unyuke xa unesifo esiphezulu okanye sesigxina sesifo sesifo sesifo se-hepatitis, isifo sofuba (TB), okanye ii-STD, okanye ukuba ufumene igazi okanye i-clotting factor phakathi kuka-1978 no-1985 xa igazi alizange lihlolwe rhoqo kwi-antibodies ye-HIV.
Awunayo i-HIV / AIDS ngokumanga, usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo, ukugubungela, ngokukhupha okanye kumathe, okanye ukusebenzisana okuqhelekileyo kwimihla ngemihla. Nangona ingekho enye imeko ye-HIV ilandelelwe kuphela kumsebenzi wesini-wesetyhini kumfazi, abaphandi abakwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba isondo somntu-wesini-wesini akuyona ingozi yokusuleleka ngoGawulayo.
Ndingazikhusela njani kwi-HIV / AIDS?
Ukukhuselwa kwi-HIV / AIDS kuqinisekiswe ukuba nabani na ohlala esecaleni kwaye akaze asebenzise ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni . Mhlawumbi kungekuze kwenzeke ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokuthe tye nokuchanekileyo kweikhondom kunye / okanye amantombazana enamazinyo kubalulekile kulabo abangenabo ubudlelwane obude bexesha elide. Kakade ke, ngelixa iikhondom kunye namagumbi ezinamazinyo anokunika ukhuselo olukhuselekileyo kwi-HIV / AIDS, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba iikhondom okanye amantombazana enamazinyo azikhohlisi. Iikhondom ziphuka kunye kwaye aziyiyo isiqinisekiso sokukhuselwa kwi-HIV / AIDS, STDS, okanye ukukhulelwa.
Ungaze uzame "ukuzikhusela ngokuphindwe kabini" ngokusebenzisa ikhondom yowesilisa nowesifazana ngexesha elinye. Oku kunokonakalisa enye okanye zombini iikhondom, ngaloo ndlela ihluleka ukukhusela iqabane elivela kwi-HIV okanye esinye isifo esithathelwana ngesondo (STD).
Ndivavanya njani i-HIV?
Uvavanyo olulula lwegazi oluhlola i-HIV-antibody konke okufunekayo ukuchonga ukuba unesifo. Olu vavanyo lubona ubukho be-antibodies eziveliswa ngumzimba ngenzame yokulwa ne-HIV.
Ukuba ukholwa ukukhutshwa kwe-HIV, khuluma nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Nangona ubude bexesha elide ukusuka ekuveleleni kwi-antibodies ezibonakalayo ze-HIV zingama-20 iintsuku zingathabatha ixesha elide kwiinyanga ezili-6-12 kwezinye iimeko ngaphambi kokuba i-antibodies ikhona. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuncoma ukuvavanywa kwinyanga enye, inyanga ezintathu, ezintandathu ezintandathu, kunye nonyaka emva kokuvezwa.
Ukongezelela kumgqirha wakho, isebe lonyango lakho lezempilo, ikliniki ye-STD, okanye ikliniki yokucwangcisa intsapho kunokukunceda uhlolwe. Ukufunda ngokubanzi malunga nokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwaye ufumane ikliniki yokuhlola kwindawo yakho uvakashele indawo yeSizwe soLwazi lwe-HIV yokuVavanya iNtsholongwane ka-HIV kwi-http: //www.hivtest.org okanye ubiza ii- CDC zeSizwe soGawulayo kwiHlabathi ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka : I
- 1-800-342-AIDS (1-800-342-2437)
- 1-800-AIDS-TTY (1-800-243-7889) I-TTY
- 1-800-344-SIDA (1-800-344-7432) iSpeyin
Imithombo: Iziko leSizwe lokuLoba neZifo zoThathaka (i-NIAID), amaziko okuLawula izifo (CDC) kunye ne- World Health Organization (WHO).