Ukuqonda iNdima ye-Arhente kaRhulumente wase-US ekukhuseleni iMpilo kaRhulumente
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuVimbela (i-CDC) ye-Arhente yezempilo yaseburhulumenteni yase-US e-Atlanta, eGeorgia, oyena msebenzi oyintloko ukukhusela impilo yoluntu nokuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwezifo.
I-CDC iwela phantsi kweendlela zeSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zeNtuntu (DHHS) kwaye, ngaphezu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, yenza uphando olunzulu kwiimeko ezinjalo ezingasetshatshi ezifana nokunyanya, ukutshaya kunye nesifo sikashukela.
Imbali emfutshane yeCDC
Ngowe-1946, ii-CDC (ezaziwa ngokuba yiCommicable Diseases Centre) zazisungulwa ngokusesikweni kwiingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokulawulwa kwe-malaria, kunye nexesha xa izazinzulu ziqala ukubona ukunyuka kwamanzi kwi-drug anti-malaria. Kwagqitywa isigqibo sokusekela intlangano e-Atlanta, indawo yase-US apho i-malaria ithathwa njengobunzima.
Emva kwezinto ezininzi ezenzayo, i-ejensi yaqanjwa ngokuthi iiCenters for Control Disease Control ngo-1980, emva koko i-US Congress yabamba amagama athi "kunye nokukhusela" ngasekupheleni kuka-1992.
Namhlanje, i-CDC isebenzisa oogqirha abangaphezu kwe-15 000, abaphandi, abalawuli, abagcini-nkcukacha kunye neengcali ukuxhasa imisebenzi yayo e-Atlanta, kunye namaziko kunye nabasebenzi kumazwe angama-54 ehlabathini lonke. I-CDC yaziwa ngokuba neyodwa yeelabhoratri zeNgcaciso ze-Biosafety Level 4 kuphela kwihlabathi, ezikwazi ukuhlalisa izifo ezinokubulawa kwabantu abangaziwayo okanye unyango.
UDkt. Thomas R. Friedan wamiselwa ngumlawuli we-CDC ngu-16 nguMongameli uBarack Obama ngoMeyi 15, 2009.
I-CDC ne-AIDS Epidemic
Ngowe-1981, i-CDC yabika ngamacala amahlanu e-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) eyenzekayo phakathi kwamadoda angqingili eLos Angeles, kwaye yayingowokuqala ukubuza ukuba ngaba la matyala ayenzeka ngandlela-thile ngenxa yesifo sokukhubazeka.
Ukunyuka kweziphumo ze-PCP, i- Kaposi sarcoma kunye nezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo (i-OIs) zenze iCDC iqulunqe i-Task Force ukuqhuba uphando lwe-epidemiological yezifo eziza kuthiwa yi-GRID (okanye i-immune-immune deficiency) kwaye yabizwa kwakhona nge- HIV ( igciwane lesifo sengculazi) .
Ukulandela umlinganiselo wokuqhambuka, i-CDC yakhawuleza imisele inkcazo yesifo, imigaqo ebekiwe
- i-KS biopsy kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60, okanye enye ingozi yokufaka ingozi okanye i-OIs ebulalayo, kunye
- ayikho into eyaziwayo isifo okanye umlando we-immunosuppressive therapy (umz., umhlaza).
Oku kuya kusetyenziswa njengesiseko semoya ekugqibeleni iyaziwa ngokuba nguGawulayo . Ulungiso ngo-1985, ngo-1987 no-1993 luya kuqhubeka lufaka uluhlu olubandakanya iimeko ezichazwa ngokuba nguGawulayo .
I-CDC, ngokubambisana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) kunye neZizwe zeSizwe zezeMpilo (NIH), zanikezela iingcebiso zabo zokuqala zokukhusela ngo-1983. Kwiminyaka eyisibhozo ezayo, i-CDC iya kukhupha iikhomputha ezingama-50 zeengcebiso kunye nezikhokelo ukunyamekela nokukhusela i-HIV-umsebenzi oqhubeka usebenza kunye ne-World Health Organization (WHO), i-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) kunye nabanye.
Ngowe-1985, i-CDC iququzelele inkomfa yokuqala ye-AIDS e-Atlanta njenge-HIV isifo sokuqala esichazwa kwiindawo ze-Central kunye ne-Afrika ephakathi. Namhlanje, i-CDC iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimigudu yomhlaba ngokunikela ininzi yophando lwe-epidemiological nolwazi lwezesayensi apho i-US ne-global HIV / AIDS policy isekelwe.
Ukongezelela, i-CDC isebenza njengegosa lobugcisa egameni likaMongameli we - US Uphulo oluPhezulu lwe-AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , kunye neminye imibutho enjenge-US Agency for Development International (USAID). Kulo msebenzi, i-CDC inoxanduva lokulawula, ukubeka esweni, nokuvavanya iiprogram ze-HIV / AIDS ezixhasiwe yi-PEPFAR kumazwe angaphezu kwama-75.
Ngo-2011, i-CDC igxekwa yi-DHHS Ofisi yoMphathi-Jikelele (i-OIG) ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokunikezelwa kunye / okanye ukubeka iliso ngee-30 ze-PEPFAR ezixhaswa ngemali-mali.
Imithombo:
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). Iimbali Zembali Zembali ze-CDC. Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). NgoJuni 28, 1996; 45 (25); 526-530.
Amaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). "Ii-laboratory i-CDC: apho i-contagions idibana nayo." Ukuxhatshazwa kunye neAtlanta, eGeorgia; gqibela ukuhlaziywa ngoMashi 19, 2014; ifumaneka kwi-intanethi ngo-Ephreli 7, 2014.
Curran, J. kunye noJaffe, H. "I-AIDS: Iminyaka yokuqala kunye nokuphendula kweCDC." Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokufa kweeVeki ngeveki (MMWR). Oktobha, 7, 2011; 60 (04); 64-69.
I-Ofisi yoMhloli-Jikelele (OIG). "Ukuhlaziywa kwamaziko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa koTywala kwiNgxowa-mali yoMongameli weNgxowankulu yeNgxowa-mali yoGawulayo yeeNgxowa-mali ka-2007 ngo-2009 (A-04-10-04006) .ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu (i-DHHS), iWashington, DC; Juni 15, 2011.