Inkqubo yoxhaswa nge-UN-Coordinated Function Central to Global AIDS Fight
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malariya (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Global Fund" okanye, "nje iNgxowa-mali"), i-ejensi yezempilo yomhlaba eyakhayo kwaye ichithe izibonelelo zokukhusela nokunyanga i- HIV , isifo sofuba kunye ne- malariya . - kumazwe angeniso eliphakathi.
Imbali ye-Global Fund
Ngokusekelwe eGeneva, i-Global Fund yasungulwa ngo-2002 emva kweminyaka emibini yeengxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokusebenza phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abalulekileyo-kuquka ama-arhente amaninzi, imibutho engekho karhulumente (ii-NGOs), iintlanga ze-G8 kunye neentlanga ezingezo-G8.
UNobhala weZizwe eziManyeneyo uKofi Annan wanikela ngemali yokuqala yangasese kwiNgxowa-mali ngo-2001, ilandelwa yiKomidi yeOlimpiki eyafana negalelo lika-Annan eyi-$ 100,000. Kungekudala emva koko, iBhili ne-Melinda Gates Foundation yazinikela ngexabiso lemali eyi-100 yezigidi, ngelixa i-US, iJapan kunye neBritani nganye yathembisa i-200 million yezigidi kwi-round round finance.
Ngoxa i-$ 1.9 yezigidigidi kuphela ezazisetyenziswe ngexesha lokuqaliswa kweNgxowa-elifutshane kwi $ 7 ukuya kwizigidi ezili-10 ezicetywayo ngokuzibophezela kuka-Annan ezivela kumazwe athuthukileyo avelise ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwenkxaso. Ngo-2013, i-$ 28 yezigidigidi iphakanyisiwe, kunye ne-US inika i-$ 8.5 yezigidigidi.
Phakathi kwabanikeli bamacandelo abucala, i-Gates Foundation, (PRODUCT) eRED neKhevron namhlanje ziphakathi kwabaxhasi abakhulu, ngokuzibophezela ngo-2015 zizonke i-$ 1.25 yezigidigidi, iidola ezingama-219 nezigidi ezingama-55, ngokulandelana.
Ukuzaliswa kwesine kwe-Global Fund yee-2014-2016 ezongezelelweyo izibambiso kwimali eyi-12.5 yeebhiliyoni-ukunyuka kwama-30% kunyaka ka-2011-2013, kodwa iifutshane ezidlulileyo ezili-15 ezigidigidi ($ 27 billion) ezilinganiselwe yi-UN ngonyaka. ukulwa noGawulayo kuphela).
Indlela iSebenza ngayo kwiNgxowa-mali
I-Global Fund isebenza njengendlela yokuxhaswa ngemali kunokuba ibe yinkampani yokuphunyezwa (ngokuphambene ne-PEPFAR, eyaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi ye-HIV / AIDS ngeendlela ezininzi ze-US).
IBhodi ye-Global Fund-equlethwe ngabanikeli kunye neentlanga ezifumanayo, kunye nemibutho yabucala kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo-inoxanduva lokuseka umgaqo-nkqubo, ukucacisa izicwangciso, nokuseka imigaqo-mali kunye nebhajethi.
IiNkqubo ziphunyezwa kwilizwe ngalinye elifumanayo yikomiti yabachaphazelekayo basekhaya ababandakanya oko kuthiwa yi-Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM). Ubunobhala be-Global Fund ubanjelwe ukuvunyelwa kwegranti kunye nokuhlawulelwa kwi-CCM, kunye nokubeka iliso nokuvavanya kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
Izibonelelo zisekelwe ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo kwaye zinikezelwa kwiNkqununu yoMmkeli (PR) ochongwe yiCCM. IiNgxowa zeNgxowa-mali zeNgingqi (ii-LFAs) zithengiwe kwingingqi ukuba zijongane kwaye zibuyise ingxelo malunga nokusebenza kwesibonelelo.
Ngokusekelwe kule miqathango, uNobhala-mali unokugqiba isigqibo sokuba ngaba kukhutshwa, ukuhlaziywa, ukunqanda okanye ukuyeka imali kwiCCM. Izibonelelo zivunyiwe kwixesha lokuqala leminyaka emibili kwaye zivuselelwe ezintathu, kunye neemali zahlakazeka zonke iinyanga ezi-3-6.
Impumelelo kunye neengxaki
I-Global Fund isekela iinkqubo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-140 kwaye, kunye ne-PEPFAR, yenye yezona zizwe-mali eziphambili ze- HIV zokukhusela kunye neenkonzo zonyango emhlabeni wonke.
Phakathi kwempumelelo yalo, iFund ixelwe ukuba ibeka abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6.1 abane-HIV kwii- antiretrovirals (ii-ARVs), ukuphatha abantu abayi-11.2 yezigidi ezine-TB, nokusabalalisa iinqwelo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-360 ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela i-malaria.
Njengomphumo wale nkqubo kunye nezinye iiprogram, amazinga okuthunyelwa kwehlabathi jikelele anqamle ngama-25% ukususela ngo-2003, ngelixa i-infections rate yabantwana iphantse ibe yimizuzu emibini.
Nangona kunjalo nangaphumelelo, i- UNAIDS iqikelela ukuba i-ARV inokuma kuma-34% kuphela kwihlabathi, kunye nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-28 abasesidinga unyango. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye nokufa kwabantu abanesifo sengculaza kuyaqhubeka nokuhla, abantu abaninzi baya kufuneka babekwe kwi-ARVs yonke imihla, ukuqhubela phambili ekuhlaseleni uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olude.
Ekuphenduleni kule mingeni, i-Global Fund yanikezela isiphakamiso sesicwangciso-mali ngo-2012 apho kugxininiswa ngakumbi inkxaso-mali kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo, ezinobungqina obuchanekileyo, obuxabisekileyo kwi dollar.
Iingxabano kunye neengcaciso
Nangona i-Global Fund 'ye-hands-off' nkqubo ichazwa ngokunciphisa ukulungiswa kwamagunya kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kweenkqubo ngaphakathi kwamanye amazwe awamkelekileyo, abanye baye bagxeka i-agqwetha ngokungakwazi ukukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuxakisha kweemali ngeqela le-CCM ephikisanayo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2002, i-Global Fund yabonisa i-£ 48 yezigidi kwiprojekthi yephondo KwaZulu-Natal, eMzantsi Afrika. Injongo yayikuxhasa imali ngqo kwinkqubo yokumelana noRhulumente kaMongameli uThabo Mbeki , owayeye wavakalisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ii-antiretrovirals zinetyhefu ngaphezu kwe-HIV. Ekugqibeleni, i-Global Fund yanikela imali kwi-Rhulumente we-Mbeki-i-CCM ekhethiweyo-naphezu kwemizamo kaMbeki kunye nomphathiswa wakhe wezezempilo ukuvimba ukuhanjiswa kwe-ARV kubafazi abakhulelweyo.
Kamva ngo-2011, i-Associated Press (AP) yabika ukuba ukuya kwii-34 yezigidi zeemali kwiingxowa-mali zalahlekelwa yintsholongwane, ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kweMali, e-Uganda, eZimbabwe, ePhilippines nase-Ukraine. Ngexesha lophando, i-UN Development Fund (i-UNDP) izame ukuvimba umhloli-jikelele we-Global Fund ukuba avele ukuphicothwa kwamabhuku angaphakathi kumazwe angama-20 ahlukeneyo, efuna ukukhuselwa kwe-diplomatic immunity.
(Ngapapapasho epapashwe kwiWashington Post, umlobi kaMichael Gerson waphikisa ama-AP amabango ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imali elahlekileyo yayimele i-2% kuphela yee-1% zeemali ezazisasazwa yi-Global Fund.)
Ngaloo nyaka, iFund yaphoqelelwa ukuba ikhansele ishumi elinanye kwisigxina sokuvuselelwa kwesibonelelo ngenxa yezivumelwano ezingapheliyo okanye ezilibazisekayo ngamazwe anikezelayo. Enyanisweni, amazwe amaninzi, kuquka iJamani kunye neSweden, ayilondoloze ngenjongo yemigangatho ngenxa yamabango amaninzi athi "inkunkuma, ukukhwabanisa kunye nenkohlakalo," ngelixa iqela lemibutho libiza ukutyunjwa koMlawuli oyiNtloko weNgxowa-mali, uMichel Kazatchkine.
Ekuvukeni kwezi zinto kunye nezinye iingxabano, iBhodi yeNgxowa-mali ye-Global Fund yamkele ukutyunjwa kweKazatchkine ngo-2012 kwaye iphunyezwe utshintsho olululo kwi-model yayo-ekubambe iqhaza elongezelelekileyo ekulawuleni izibonelelo, ngelixa ligxininisa ngakumbi, ngamazwi ayo, " amazwe atshabalalayo, amanyathelo kunye nabantu. "
UDkt. R. Dybul, owayekade esebenza njenge-US Global Coordinator phantsi kwe-PEPFAR, wamiselwa nguMlawuli oyiNtloko ngoNovemba 2012.
Imithombo:
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria. Ingxelo Yonyaka Yonyaka Yengxowa-mali. " Geneva, eSwitzerland; ISBN: 978-92-9224-380-7.
Agence France-Presse. "I-UN-AIDS: U-Uganda wamiselwa ukuba abe yingqungquthela yokumisela i-UN's AID Fund." Julayi 31, 2001.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria. "I-Global Fund yokulwa noGawulayo, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria - izibhengezo." Geneva, eSwitzerland.
McNeil, D. "I-$ 12 Billion iqinisekiswe ukulwa noGawulayo, i-TB kunye ne-Malaria." I-New York Times. Disemba 3, 2013.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria. "Iziphumo zeFund Global Fund zibonisa ixesha eliqinileyo." Geneva, eSwitzerland. Inkcazelo yokupapashwa ipapashwe ngo-27 Novemba 2013.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria. Isicwangciso-mali se-Global Fund 2012-2016: Utyalo-mali. Geneva, eSwitzerland;
UMcGreal, C. "UMphathiswa weMbeki uhlasela i-UN mali ye-Aids grant". Guardian. Julayi 22, 2002.
I-Associated Press (AP). "Ukukhwabanisa kubetha iingxowa-mali zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele." Guardian. NgoJanuwari 23, 2011.
UGerson, M. "Ukubeka ubuqhetseba kwiindleko zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele." IWashington Post. Fe bruwari 4, 2011.
I-AIDS Healthcare Fund (AHF). "I-AHF: iNtloko yeNgxowa-mali ye-Global kufuneka iqhube phantsi ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kweNgxowa-mali." Reuters. Upapasho ndaba zekhampani; Septemba 20, 2011.
I-Global Fund yokulwa ne-AIDS, isifo sofuba kunye ne-Malaria. "Imizuzu engama-20 yeeNtlanganiso zeBhodi." Accra, Ghana; Novemba 21-22, 2011.