Wayehlala eholide kude nekhaya. Kwakukho umqondiso we-tube rafting yangaphakathi. Kwakubonakala kumnandi. Amanzi ayengabonakali.
Wayebhalisele umqhudelwano. Kwakukho inxalenye apho kwakufuneka azenzele ngodaka oluphezulu. Kwakubonakala kunzima kodwa kwakubonakala ngathi kuyingozi
I-adventure encinane, kodwa ingengozi enkulu. Into eyiyo, le nto ingumngcipheko weLeptospirosis.
I-Leptospirosis ingaba sisifo esibi, kodwa ngenhlanhla, eninzi, akunjalo. Uninzi lweziganeko zingabangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki; I-90% ibangela impawu encinane okanye ayikho. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha isifo esoloko sibizwa ngokuba yiLepto, sinokubaluleka kwaye sinokufa.
Siyisifo esifumaneka kwihlabathi eliqhelekanga. Izingozi zayo aziqapheli. Esi sifo - esiphumeleleyo njengoko sisasazekayo xa abantu bedibanisa namanzi okanye udaka oye waba ne-rat (okanye enye isilwanyana) i-pee kuyo ephethe ibhaktheriya.
I-Leptospirosis isifo esikhuselekayo kwaye sonyango. Ukuqaphela ingozi kunye nesifo kubalulekile.
Xa iLeptospirosis iQaphela rhoqo
I-Lepto ibamba iinqununu xa - kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu-itshintsha into ebonakala ngathi yintengiso encinci okanye uhlanga oluthile lwamanzi okanye udaka ukuya esibhedlele okanye into embi kunomdlali onempilo. Izifo ziyakwenzeka naphi apha emhlabeni jikelele.
Iimeko zeLeptospirosis zaphawulwa e-Idaho naseLos Angeles emva koko zabuyela kwi-"Eco-Challenge" kwintambo ye-adventure eBorneo eMalaysia.
Olu khuphiswano, olubandakanya ukubhukuda emlanjeni, lukhokelela kwiintsholongwane. Uphando lwafumanisa ama-50% abagulayo ngaphandle kwabadlali abaye bafumana ithuba lokuthintana phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-300 abavela kumazwe angama-26. Ngokufanayo, isigulane esiseNew York sabonisa ukusuleleka kumncintiswano nge-swamp eFlorida, leyo eyayikhokelela ekuthelelekeni kwizifo ezi-1 kwi-4.
I-Triathalons eWisconsin nase-Illinois nazo zakhokelela ekukhuselweni.
Izifo ezinokuthi zifikeleleke zivela kwi-rowing, kayaking, ngaphakathi-tubing, ukubhukuda ngamanzi obonakala ngathi ukhuselekile. I-Olympic Gold Medal edlulileyo edlulayo yafa eLondon inesivumelwano seLepto. Abashukumi bayacetyiswa ukuba bagweme indawo ethile yamanzi eHawaii - urhulumente enomngcipheko omkhulu weLeptospirosis. Esi sifo sasiye sabanjwa ngokuhlaselwa phantsi komlambo kwipayipi yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kweVang Vieng, eLaos. Ukuphuma kwabasebenzi kwi-rafting yamanzi e-white-rafting eSri Lanka banegciwane eli-17 eli-19. Abaqhubi kwiinqanawa behla ngaphantsi koMlambo i-Liffey e-Ireland (oqhutyelwa kwiDublin) nabo banesifo.
Ngokubanzi, lesi sifo sinokuba ngenxa yokubhukuda, ukurhaxisa, ukuhamba ngeenqanawa, i-kayaking, ukukhahlela okanye ukuhamba emanzini okanye ngodaka, kunye neminye imisebenzi kwidaka okanye ngamanzi.
I-Leptospirosis ifunyenwe njani?
Isizathu sihle kakhulu. Ukuthinta amanzi, umhlaba, okanye udaka oluhlambulukileyo ngumvhamo we-rat urithwala ibhaktheriya kunokukhokelela kwisifo. Ingakwazi kwakhona ukusasazwa ngumchamo kwezinye izilwanyana - izinja, ihagu, iinkomo, okanye abantu, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo. Izambatho zokukhusela kunye nezambatho zifunekayo nakweyiphi na into ekungcolileyo kumanzi, umhlaba okanye udaka. Kukho ukukhathazeka ukuba ukugwinya amanzi angcolileyo kuyingozi.
Ngubani ochaphazelekayo?
Uninzi lwabantu abachaphazelekayo yiLeptospirosis ababagijimi kwi-adventure.
Uninzi lwachaphazelekayo luhlala kwiindawo ezifudumele. Ziye zichazwe emsebenzini okanye ngeemeko zokuhlala. Kucatshangelwa ukuba u-0.1 ukuya ku-1 kwi-100 000 kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo unesifo ngamnye unyaka kunye ne-10 okanye ngaphezu kwe-100 000 kwiindawo ezifudumele.
Umkhukula ungakhokelela ekugqibeleni, ngokukodwa ngokutshintsha kwimizila yokusingqongileyo. Iqhwithi e-Orissa, iSiphepho eTaiwan, kunye neNqantyambo e-Caribbean nase-Central America.
Nangona i-lepto ayinakunxulumene namanzi anetyu okanye olwandle, kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba emva kwesiphepho, umhlaba ongcolileyo kumanzi amaninzi unokubeka abantu engozini njengoko kubonwe emva kwesiphepho (Yolanda) ePhilippines.
Abo bahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini badla ngokuchaphazelekayo-ukuba akukho utyalo-mali olwaneleyo ekuhlambulukeni, amanzi kunye nokulawulwa kwamanqaku. Ingakumbi abasemngciphekweni yilabo bahlala kwiindawo ezisemadolobheni amakhulu. Imisebenzi karhulumente - amanzi ahlambulukileyo, ukuqokelela udoti, ukususwa kwevermin, ukucoceka kwendle - kusikhusela kwi-leptospirosis. Iindawo ezingenakulungileyo kwamanzi kunye neentlupheko zokuncibilika kwezotyulo zinokujamelana neptospirosis. Izibetha ziye zandisa ukwanda kwezifo. Amatyala amatsha (3) aphawulwe xa amagqabi kunye neebhaktheriya zisasazeka ngenxa yemvula enzima kunye nokuhlaselwa kwemfucuza eMarseilles, eFransi.
Izifo aziqabile kodwa zenzeke kwiindawo ezininzi ezixhamliweyo, ezingaphantsi kweedolophu zase-US. Uphando lufumene iintsholongwane ezibonisa ukutyhila kwangaphambili kwi-16% kwezinye iindawo zaseBaltimore, eMadland. Phakathi kwabo baseNew York naseBaltimore kunye nokutyhila kwangaphandle (kwaye mhlawumbi kuphantse kwiikota), kukho iimeko kubasebenzi bendalo kwimeko yaseBaltimore kunye nabangenamakhaya okanye nabasebenzi bezakhiwo eNew York. Kwi-climes ehlambulukileyo, ukusuleleka kwezifo ziqhelekile ekupheleni kwehlobo ukusa kwangaphambili
Usulelo alukho nje kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Abo basebenza kwiidayisi zeerayisi okanye ekunqumeni i-sugar cane basengozini. ukubonelelwa kwezemisebenzi kunokuba neengozi enkulu, kubandakanywa abalimi, abasebenzi bokucima umkhumbi, abangenamakhaya, abasebenzi bam, abagqirha bezilwanyana kunye nabasebenzi bokuxhela.
Abo bahlala emkhosini basenokuba besengozini. Kuye kubekho amacala amaninzi - mhlawumbi kwizinto zokuzilibazisa okanye kwiindlela zokuqeqesha.
Ziyintoni na izifo?
Ininzi (90%) ayinayo impawu okanye isifo esifanelekileyo. Ingaba izifo ezinzima kakhulu. Isifo sesifo siya kuxhomekeka kwisiphi isigaba sesifo umntu angaphakathi kuso kwaye yeyiphi i-leptospires (ibhaktheriya ebangela i-leptospirosis) ibanjwe.
Ezinye izifo zibonakala zifana nomkhuhlane. Uninzi luya kuba nomkhuhlane, ukubola, intloko, imisipha yomzimba. Abanye baya kuba neentlanzi, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, iintlungu zesisu, amehlo aphuzi kunye nesikhumba (jaundice), amehlo abomvu, ukugqithisa. Ubunzima bube nobunzima kumathole, emthangeni nasemasipha.
Uninzi lwezi zimpawu lungaphoswa ezinye izifo.
Ixesha eliphakathi kokungcola kunye nokugula kunokuba neentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezi-4. Ugulo luvame ukuqala ngokukhawuleza ngomkhuhlane. Isifo kaninzi sinezigaba ezi-2.
Okokuqala, iSigaba sibandakanya umkhuhlane, izibilini, intloko, imisipha yomzimba, ukuhlanza, kunye / okanye urhudo. Inokulandelwa ngokuphulukana kwaye omnye umntu ugula kwakhona kwisigaba sesibini
IsiGaba sesibini - ukuba kwenzeka - sinzima kakhulu. Isigulana sinokuba neentliziyo, isibindi, okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula, kunye nokuququzelela i-meningitis. Esi sigaba singabizwa ngesifo sika-Weil okanye ifomu le-icteric (njengoko izigulane zinokuba nombala ophuzi - okt icteric).
Esi sifo sinokuhlala iintsuku okanye iiveki, ingakumbi ukuba eso sifo siyaqhubeka kwisigaba sesibini. Abanye bagula kakhulu, ingakumbi ngaphandle kokonyango. Abanye bangathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba bafumane kwakhona.
Unobungozi Kangakanani Lepto?
Uninzi lweziganeko azifumaneki. Kuloo matyala afunyaniswayo, mhlawumbi i-1- 5% iyafa. Abo baqhubela kwisigaba sesibini, isifo sika-Weil, malunga ne-5-10%, sisengozini enkulu. Bangakwazi ukujamelana nesibindi, iinjongo, okanye ukuhluleka ukuphefumula, kunye nokubola. Oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni okanye kumonakalo ongunaphakade. Abo bahlakulela i-ARDs engaqhelekanga okanye i-pulmary hemorrhage bajongana nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokufa-ukuya kuma-50%.
Esi sifo sisoloko sifutshane ukuba sifumaneke. Ukulibazisa ukunakekelwa. Abo bangenako ukufikelela emancinci kumanzi kunye nokulawulwa kwe-rat kungabi nako ukufikelela ekunakekeleni kwezempilo. Abo bahambayo banokubuyela ekhaya koogqirha abangaqhelekanga ngesifo. Ngokufanayo, i-leptospirosis idla ngokudibanisa nezifo ezinjengeengqungquthela, ezingahambelaniyo zenzeke ukuba zinempawu ezifanayo kwaye zenzeka nakwiindawo ezikhukhulayo ngexesha lokukhukula okanye xa iinkqubo zoluntu zamanzi kunye nokucocwa kococwa.
Uphononongo oluthola umngcipheko wokufa "kwi-dengue" kwakufuneka ube neptospirosis engaphatanga kwaye ungayidli. EPuerto Rico, i-dengue i-10 yokufa kwabantu abayi-12 yayingumdla we-leptospirosis. I-Dengue ayiphathwe nge-antibiotics; lepto.
I-Leptospirosis ekukhulelweni kunokukhokelela ekuzalweni kokuzalwa okanye kwiintsholongwane zomzimba.
Yintoni eyenza iLepto?
I-Leptospires yinde, i-bactter ehambayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-spirochetes. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo - ngaphezu kwama-200 inyaniso. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zingatholakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, zibalasele ezinye, kodwa zodwa kuphela, ngokwahlukileyo kwezibonakaliso zezifo emhlabeni jikelele. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyi-icterohaemorrhagiae, enokudibaniswa neenki eziqhelekileyo ( uRattus norvegicus) e-US.
Kuchongwa njani?
Imivavanyo eyahlukeneyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa - kubandakanye ne- PCR, i-antibodies, i-culture kunye ne-microscopy. Ngenxa yesidingo sokunyanga usulelo, ukulibaziseka ekuxilongweni akumele kulibazise ukunakekelwa ukuba utyilongwe lweklinikhi lwenziwe. I-Leptospirosis ayisoloko ilula ukuyifumanisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo idinga ibhile ekhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni kwintsholongwane, iintsholongwane aziyi kuba nefuthe, ngoko ke kufuneka nezinye iimvavanyo. Siyisifo esaziwayo kwisizwe e-US.
Yintoni Eyonyango?
I-Leptospirosis imele iphathwe ngamayeza abulala (doxycycline, penicillin, okanye ceftriaxone).
Ngaba kukho i-Vaccine?
Kuzinja, kukho. Kuphela iiproerovars ezimbalwa (iintlobo) zihlanganiswe. Kubantu, isitofu esiyimpumelelo siya kufuneka sihlanganise inani leeserovars kunye nophando oluye lwaqhutywa iminyaka.
Ngaba Izilwanyana Zakho Zingagula?
Ewe, ngakumbi inja yakho. Inja yakho ingagula kwi-leptospirosis njengoko inja yakho ingena kwiimfuyo ezingcolileyo kwaye isebenza ngodaka ngaphezu kwakho. Kukho isitofu senja yakho ifom ye-leptospirosis igonywe, kodwa isitofu asikwazi ukumboza zonke iintlobo. Ukuba inja yakho isulelekile, lesi sizathu esihle sokuba ungathinti umchamo wakho - okanye nayiphi enye indle - ngezandla zakho kwaye uhlambe kakuhle ukuba unako. Ukugonywa kweenja kuye kwacutha ukukhuselwa kwabantwana kunye nabanye base-US.
Akunqabile ukuba ikati igule i-leptospirosis, kodwa ikati yakho inokusuleleka. Ikati yakho inokungenwa yiyo, ngaphandle kokuba uyazi. Iikati zinxibelelwano oluninzi kunye namagundane ngaphezu kwezilwanyana ezininzi. Usulelo luyakuncipha kumchamo xa lubonakala luhle. Esinye isizathu esihle sokuba ungadibana ne-cat pee.
Indlela Yokuba Yi-Smart About Leptospirosis kwi-Races Races
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Ungathathi inxaxheba kwimimandla xa unamaxhoba avulekileyo.
Gwema ukuginya amanzi xa ulunxweme, imilambo, okanye iimvula
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