Iziganeko zolwaphulo-mbilini ziyinto engabonakaliyo eUnited States, ngamajelo angama-23 kuphela anikwe ingxelo ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2017. Sekunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imigaqo yonyango ye-rabies, intsholongwane ebulalayo yintsholongwane ebangela ukuvuvukala kwengqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu. Njengoko i-World Health Organisation (WHO) ibhala, unyango olusebenzayo emva kokuba ukuvezwa kwezidlova ziyakuthintela ukuqala kweempawu, kwaye ekugqibeleni ulondoloze ubomi bakho.
Ukuba uyalunywa yilwanyana, khangela unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha uya kunika ukunakekelwa kwilonda kwaye anike imithi xa kukho umngcipheko wokusuleleka.
Inkxalabo yokuNyango
Isenzo sokukhawuleza kubalulekile xa kufikelele ekuphatheni izidlova. Ukongezelela kokufuna unyango emva kokulunywa kwezilwanyana (ngokukodwa kwi-bat, fox, okanye skunk), isilonda kufuneka sihlambuluke ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokucokisekileyo.
Ukufumana uncedo lokuqala lwe-post-bite, i-WHO incoma ukutshiza nokuhlamba isilonda ubuncinane ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Olu kucoca lufanele luquka ukusetyenziswa kwesepha kunye namanzi, i-detergent, kunye / okanye isisombululo se-povidone-iodine.
NgokweziGqeba zokuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuVikela (i-CDC), uphando olusekelwe kwizilwanyana lubonise ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kwelonda elilodwa kuphela kunokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphuhliswa kwama-rabies. Nangona impawu zifakwe, kunjalo, ukufa kokuphefumula okuphefumulayo kubakho kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe-nokuba ngaba unyango lunikwa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusuleleka ngamatye ngoku kungumthombo oqhelekileyo wokufa kwabantu abano-rabies e-United States. I-virus ye-rabies ingasasazeka ngezilwanyana ezifana nezimpungushe, i-skunks kunye nama-raccoons. Kuphela kwihlabathi, iipesenti ezingama-99 zeengxaki ze-rabies zabantu zibangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane yizinja zasekhaya.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungozi beengxaki zezilwanyana, ubungozi bemfuyo bungenza umonakalo omkhulu xa isilonda sinzima. Umzekelo, ukubetha kungakhokelela ekususweni kwendawo kunye / okanye kwenkqubo, kunye nokuqhathaniswa kwamathambo okanye iintambo. Ngako oko, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango emva kokuba ubhekene naluphi uhlobo lwezilwanyana ezilumayo.
Iproposlaxlax Post-Exposure
I-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) yindlela ephela yonyango eyaziwayo ekukhuseleni ukufa kwabantu abahlukunyezwe ngama-rabies. Olu unyango luquka ukuhlamba okubanzi kunye nokunyanga kwendawo yesilonda elandelwa yinkqubo yesigonyo esiphezulu nesisebenzayo.
Xa kunikwa ngexesha, i-PEP inokunqanda i-virus ye-rabies ukungena kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi, kwaye iyakhusela ukuqala kweempawu ze-rabies. Kuza kubekho namhlanje, akukho mntu waseUnited States ophuhlise ama-rabies xa unikezelwa isitofu ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, ngokutsho kweeNational Institutes of Health.
Ukongeza kwi-PEP, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amagciwane. Unokufuna udonga lwe-tetanus ngokuxhomekeke kumhla wephetyu yakho yokugqibela.
I-Rabies Vaccine
Njengazo zonke izitofu, izigulane ze-rabies ziqulethe uhlobo oluthathaka lwegciwane elingenako ukudala izifo okanye ukuvelisa. Ukuphendula kwisigontsho, umzimba wakho uvelisa iziza-mzimba ezijolise kwaye zibulale i-virus ye-rabies.
Ngenxa yokuba zonke iintsholongwane ze-rabies zokugonywa zingasebenzi, akunakwenzeka ukuhlakulela i-rabies ekufumaneni isitofu. Isifo ngasinye sokugonywa sibheke uchungechunge lweemvavanyo eziphambili zolawulo, ezibandakanya iimvavanyo zombono, utyhefu, ukhuseleko kunye nobunzima.
Ukukhetha
Ngokuqhelekileyo unikezelwa kwishedyuli esetyenzisiweyo yamanani amahlanu kwixesha leentsuku ezingama-28 (ukususela ngomhla wokubhenca), isitofu sokugonywa kwe-rabies senziwa ngumjovo. Ukongeza, abaninzi abantu bafumana unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) ngaphandle kokuba sele begonywe okanye bafumana imithi yokugonywa kwangaphambili. Kwakhona ilawulwa yilejo, i-HRIG inikwa umhla wokulimala kwezilwanyana.
Imiphumela
Nangona iimpendulo ezingathandekiyo kwi-vaccine ye-rabies kunye ne-HRIG aziqhelekanga, zinokubangela ukuphendula okuncinci kwiziko lejoza. Ezi ziquka:
- intlungu
- obomvu
- ukuvuvukala
- kubetha
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, izigulana zinokufumana iimpawu ezinjengeentloko, isicathulo, isisu, isisu kunye nesisu.
Ngaphambi kokufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwezidlova, vumela ugqirha wakho ukuba uye wakhe waba nesisombululo esinzulu sokumelana nesifo sokugonya. Kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba unobungozi obunzima, okanye ukuba unesistim sokukhubazeka ngenxa yesifo esingapheliyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile (njenge-steroids).
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "IiRabi: Yintoni endiyikhathalelayo?" NgoJanuwari 29, 2018.
> Isizwe seSizwe soButhakathaka kunye nezifo ezithintekayo. "Izigulane." NgoJulayi 2016.
> AmaZiko eNational Health. "I-Rabies Vaccine." Ngo-Apreli 2018.
> Salve H, Kumar S, Sa R, Rai SK, Kant S, Pandav CS. "Unako ukubonelelwa ngokuzinzileyo kwe-postradermal post exposure prophylaxis kwi-rabies kwinqanaba lokunyamekela okuphambili - ubungqina obuvela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni yaseHaryana." I-BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Juni 25; 14: 278.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. " Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kwiRabies ." Ekugqibeleni ifike ngo-Apreli 2018.