I-HTLV i-retrovirus echaphazela iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (T-seli okanye i-lymphocytes) ezilwa nezifo. Abantu abaninzi abayi-10-20 yezigidi banesifo, kodwa abaninzi abazi.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-HTLV, mna no-II. Ezi ntsholongwane zihlobene. Ngesinye isikhathi, enye i-HIV eyayisulele iiseli ze-T yayibhalwe ngeHTLV-III, kodwa oku kwakungekho okuchanekileyo. Ukususela ngoko i-virus entsha inikwe i-HTLV-3.
I-HTLV-Ndifunyanwa rhoqo kwiiCaribbean naseJapane, kunye nalabo abanokwakho ovela eMzantsi Melika, e-Australia, e-Afrika nakumaMbindi Mpuma. EJapan, i-HTLV-1 ingafumaneka kwi-1 kwabangu-100 abaxhasi begazi, kodwa kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwe-10 ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.
Kukho amaqoqo osulelo apho amazinga angama-1-2% kodwa angafikelela kuma-20-40% kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, njengoko umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulelo unyaka. Ezi ndawo zihlakazekile kwihlabathi-ukusuka kwiiCaribbean, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaseJamamaica naseHaiti, kunye neendawo zaseColombia kunye neFransi yeGuyana, kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwiintshona ze-Afrika kunye neMpuma-mpuma ikakhulukazi kwiindawo zase-Iran, kunye neRomania, EJapan, kunye nabanye aboriginal e-Australia. Kukho amaqela amancinci phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika bevela kumzantsi osemazantsi e-US kunye nakwabo base-Afro-Caribbean ukusuka eBrooklyn.
Kukho iipokethi phakathi kwabasebenzisi beziyobisi be-IV, njengeLouanaana.
I-HTLV-2 itholakala ngokukodwa phakathi kwabantu bokuqala, ngokukodwa amaMerika aseMerika kunye nama-Amerindi aseBrazil kunye nasePanama. Amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kweyesi-1 kwabangu-10 phakathi kwabantu abathile kwiindawo ezithile zokungcebeleka kwi-Florida e-Florida kunye neyoku-1 kwabangu-100 kuma-American donors blood donors eNew Mexico.
Kutheni le nto?
I-HTLV ingaba yintsholongwane engasetyenziswanga, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezithile zonyango ezinzulu.
I-HTLV-1 ingakhokelela kumhlaza, iingxaki zomzimba kunye nezinye izifo. Uninzi, nangona kunjalo, aluyi kuba neempawu; mhlawumbi i-1-4% iya kuba nomdlavuza, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-50 kwiminyaka emva kwemashumi eminyaka.
HTLV-1
Umdala we-T-cell leukemia / lymphoma (ATL)
Ingxelo ingaba nzima, iphoxayo, okanye ingapheliyo-okanye, ngamanye amagama, ayikwazi ukuza ngokukhawuleza kodwa iyakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini, enokuba yingozi kwiintso okanye kwisimo sengqondo somguli. Kukho i-lymph nodes ezinkulu (ngokukodwa kwisifuba kwi-mediastinum), izibindi ezinkulu kunye nezihlunu, kunye nezilonda zethambo apho ithambo lidilizwe khona, kukho ukubandakanyeka kwesikhumba, imiphunga kunye nesisu.
I-HTLV-1 edibeneyo ye-Myelopathy / i-paripraresis ye-spastic spastic (HAM / TSP)
Esi sifo si-Myelopathy esithetha ukuba intambo yomgudu ibonakaliswe yisifo. Ingabangela ubuthathaka obunokuqhubekayo, ngokukodwa kwimilenze. Oku kungaqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya ku-50 kwaye kunqabile kubantwana.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngobuthathaka obuncinane obuncinane kunye nokulahlekelwa kwintlungu. Oku kunokuvakalelwa ngathi "izikhonkwane kunye neenaliti" - njengomlenze wakho ulele. Abanye banokuba neengxaki zokutshiza kwaye kufuneka bahambe rhoqo, abanye banokuba neengxaki zesilonda okanye ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile.
Abanye banentlungu ebuhlungu kunye nentlungu emilenzeni yabo. Abaninzi banesifo sengqondo ngexesha elifanayo.
Iyakwazi ukudibaniswa nokuhloba kwamehlo okanye amehlo anomileyo (uveitis okanye keratoconjunctivitis sicca), iintlungu ezihlangeneyo (i-arthritis), ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga (pulmonary lymphocytic alveolitis), kunye nobuthakathaka be-muscle nokuvuvukala (polymyositis).
Izifo ezithintekayo: Abantu abane-HTLV-1 baxhomekeke kwizifo ezithile. Isibungu iStongyloides siqhelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele; ingaba yintsholongwane enkulu kubantu abane-HTLV-1. Kuye kwafumanisa ukuba isifo sinokubambisana ne-infective dermatitis - izifo zesikhumba, ingakumbi i-eczema engapheliyo eboshwe kwi-Staphylococcus aureus kunye ne-streptococcus.
HTLV-2
Imiphumo ye-HTLV-2 ayicacile. Luye lwabophelelwa kuhlobo lwe-leukemia (iseli eboyiweyo) kodwa umngcipheko awucaci.
IHTLV idluliselwa njani?
- (ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana u-5%, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuncelisa)
- ngesondo
- ukumpontshelwa igazi
- ukwabelana kweedaliti kunye neesringana
Akusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo. Idla ngokusasazeka kwiintsapho.
Unyango
Akukho sikhohlo, kodwa kukho umsebenzi wokufumana isitofu. Akukho nonyango okanye unyango lwegciwane. Ingxaki yesifo iphathwa ngokuthe ngqo. Umhlaza, i-ATLL, uphathwa ngongcali yomhlaza ngekhemotherapy ethile kunye nokutshintsha kwethambo lomongo. Izifo ziphethwe ngamagciwane antimicrobial.