Ikholera ibangelwa yi-britrium Vibrio cholerae , i-microbe encinci engakwazi ukuphazamisa amathumbu. Izibonakaliso neempawu zekholera azibangelwa yi-bteriki ngokwayo, kodwa kunokuba ityhefu ivelise xa ithe yangaphakathi emzimbeni. Loo toxin uphazamisa indlela iiseli ezixhamlayo kwaye zenze i-fluids kunye ne-electrolytes, ziphoqele ukuba zihambe ngolu hlobo olulodwa: ngaphandle.
Yiloo nto eyenza umzimba ugxothise umhudo wamanzi, uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwekholera. I-Vibrio cholerae ixhaphaze kakhulu kwaye ingundoqo kubangelwa kukutya okungcolileyo, amanzi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, imeko.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Ukuze i-k'holera isasazeke kuluntu, kufuneka iqaliswe kuloo ndawo kuqala-nokuba yendalo ngokwemvelo okanye, ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba umntu osulelekileyo uye waletha khona.
Ukutya kunye namanzi ahlambulukileyo
I-kholera isasazeka ngeendlela "ze-fecal-oral" -kuthi, ngokutya ukutya okanye amanzi okusela ahlambulukile ngento ephethe i-bacterial.
Iibhakteria zithatha uhambo oluphuma emzimbeni ngaphakathi kwintlanzi yomntu okanye isifo sohudo, ngoko ke ukuba umntu osulelekileyo uya kuhlamba kwaye akahlambululi izandla zakhe ngaphambi kokuba achukumise ukutya okanye adibene nomthombo wamanzi, unokusasaza kwabanye abantu.
Isongelo samanzi okanye ezinye iindawo zokusela amanzi ahlambulukileyo ziphezulu kakhulu kwiindawo eziphuhlisayo ngaphandle kweziseko ezikhoyo ukucoca kunye nokucoca amanzi.
Ngenxa yokuba i- Vibrio cholerae inokusasazeka kwaye abaninzi abantu abanayo impawu, ibhaktiriya isenokusasazeka ngokubanzi phambi kokuba izikhulu zempilo ziqatshelwa ngokuqhambuka.
Oku kuyinyani ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo apho ezinye iintlobo zesifo sohudo zisenokungaqhelekanga, okwenza kube lula ukuba ikholera isetyenziswe.
Ngokufanayo, kusekho abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi abangenakho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokucocwa kwezococeko ezifana nezindlu zangasese okanye izindlu zangasese. Kule meko, ukuba umntu osulelekileyo uyahlukana kwindawo evulekile, ibhaktheriya ingafikelela kwimithombo yamanzi evulekileyo.
Ukukhusela kokutya okungaphephile yimbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka. Kuye kumazwe athuthukileyo aneziseko ezingundoqo, iibhaktheriya zingafumana ukutya ngezandla ezingahlambulukanga okanye ngamanzi angcolileyo, nangona ukuphazamiseka kwezi zizwe kunqabile kakhulu. Nabani odla ukutya okungahlambulukanga angagula okanye-ubuncinci-usasaze iibhaktheriya kubantu abaninzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba unako ukutyhala ibhaktheriya kwidaka yakho nangona ungenayo impawu- ukuxhomekeka kwabantwana abanentsholongwane kunokusasaza isifo ngaphandle kokwazi. Oku kunokuhlala phi na kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Imithombo Yendalo
Ukongezelela kokusela amanzi kunye nokutya okungcolileyo, iibhaktheriya ezenza ikholera nazo zinokuhlala kumanzi amanxweme, ngokukodwa malunga ne-equator kunye nasezindaweni ezitshatyalaliswayo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-shellfish ingathatha kwiibhaktheriya kwiindawo zazo.
Ezi ntsholongwane zivame ukubulawa ngexesha lokupheka, kodwa ukuba uyidla i-shellfish ecocekileyo okanye ayizange iphekwe kakuhle, unokusuleleka ngale ndlela, kwakhona.
Uninzi lwe-kleta, kodwa ke, kubangelwa ukucoceka kococeko.
ZeMpilo
Ngamanye amaxesha, abasebenzi bezonyango baphatha isiguli se-kleta bangaqhagamshelana ne-bhakteriya, ngakumbi xa bephatha iisampuli zezitampu okanye ezinye iifowuni. Oku kunjalo, akunjalo njengesiqhelo somthombo wokuqhawuka njengokutya okanye amanzi angcolileyo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuthatha amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba ucoceko olwaneleyo, ucoceko olululo, kunye nokubonelelwa kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo kunokwaneleyo ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwekholera.
Izinto zobungozi
Ezinye izinto zenza kube lula ukufumana ikholera, kubandakanywa apho ukhona kunye nokuba yiyiphi imfihlelo ekufuneka ube nayo kumanzi okhuselekileyo kunye nococeko.
Ukuphila okanye Ukutyelela iNdawo engapheleleko
Awukwazi ukufumana ikholera ukuba iibhaktheriya azikho, ngoko enye yeyona nto ingozi yokufumana esi sifo ityelela indawo apho iqhelekileyo. Amazwe apho iibhaktheriya zijikeleza rhoqo ziyaziwa ngokuba yizizwe "eziphelileyo", kwaye iindwendwe kunye nabahlali beli ndawo kufuneka baqaphele ngakumbi ukugcina izandla zabo, ukusela amanzi kunye nokutya kucocekile.
Kule mimandla, i-klere ingaba yonyaka-kufana nomkhuhlane-okanye i-sporadic, apho kuqhuma izityalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo nyaka. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe uhambo lwaphesheya, kubalulekile ukuhlola iiCandelo leeWebhu lokuLawulwa kweZifo kunye neZokukhusela ukuze ubone ukuba ilizwe ulivakatye amava yindlala yesifo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda, nangona kunjalo, ukuba indawo apho isifo esingekho khona sinokuqhubeka nokuqhambuka-nangona kunjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kunqabile kwaye kunqongophe.
Iimeko eziMahla ezingqongileyo
Ngenxa yokuba i-k'holera isasazeka ngokutya kunye namanzi angcolileyo, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kumanzi akhuselekileyo kunye nococeko, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma, kunokunyusa amathuba okuqhambuka xa umntu okholera engena kuloo ndawo. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kwimimandla yasezidolophini okanye kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi behlala khona, badla, basebenza ngokusondelene.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ikholera - I-Vibrio isifo se-cholera: Ukugula kunye neempawu.
> UNICEF. Cholera toolkit . 2013.
> Wong K, Burdette E, Mintz E. Izifo ezithintekayo ezihambelana nokuhamba.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ikholera: Ifayili yeqiniso.