I-Mononucleosis (mono) yintsholongwane yintsholongwane edlalwa yintsholongwane kunye nabaselula. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuloo maqela eminyaka zibuhlungu emqaleni, umkhuhlane, ukugquma kwentamo, iintoni ezikhulisiweyo kunye nokukhathala. Kubantwana abancinci, kunokubakho iimpawu ezinobunzima okanye akukho nanye. Abantu abadala abakwazi ukuba ne-jaundice kwaye abanakho ukuguquka komqala okanye izigulane ezivuvuzayo.
Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu babe nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yeempawu ezisuka kwi-mild to severe.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Ixesha lokuxubusha kwi-mono li malunga neveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu, oko kuthetha ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ungeke uhlakulele iimpawu kude kube yinyanga emva kokuba utyhileke komnye umntu onentsholongwane. Kwabaninzi abantwana kunye nentsha, i-mononucleosis iqala ukuqala kunye nemihla emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu yeempawu ezinobunzima ezifana nentloko, i-malaise kunye nokukhathala .
Iimpawu zakudala zeemono zi landela:
- Umqala onzima
- Ezibomvu, izibilini ezivuvukileyo ezigqityiweyo
- I-lymph glands (i-lymphadenopathy) entanyeni kunye neempondo, kodwa kunokwenzeka nakwi-groin
- Umkhuhlane uphezulu ukuya kuma-degrees angama-104 ukuya kuma-degrees ama-105 anokugqiba enye ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kwaye udla ngokukhawuleza ngemini okanye kusihlwa
- Ukuqhubeka kwe-malaise kunye nokukhathala, okungaba nzima
- I-Achy imisipha kunye nentloko
- I-Rash e-pink kunye ne-measles-like, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibonwa emva kokuthatha ii-antibiotics
Ukudibaniswa kweempawu, ukuba zinzima kangakanani, kwaye zide zihlala zihluka njani kumntu kumntu. Umncinci umntwana, uncinci kwaye uyifutshane nokugula. Abantwana abancinci banokuba neempawu ezimfutshane, ezinobunzima obuphela nje iintsuku ezimbalwa. Kubaselula kunye nabaselula, i-mono iyaziwayo ngokuhlala ixesha elide, nangona ikhosi eqhelekileyo iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwilo qela leminyaka.
Ezinye iimpawu, ezifana nokukhathala, zingaphelela iiveki eziliqela ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Izimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ze-mononucleosis ziquka intlungu yesifuba, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuvutha kwentliziyo ephezulu, ukuvutha komsi, ukuqina kwentamo, ukuxhamla kunye nokuqonda ukukhanya. Ukuqhaqha okanye ukutshaya kwamathambo kungakhula.
I-spleen (splenomegaly) okanye isibindi singakhula emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokugula. Ukwandiswa kwamathala kubonakala malunga nesiqingatha seemeko ngethuba lokugula. I-jaundice, ebangela i-yellow tinge kwesikhumba kunye nabamhlophe bamehlo, luphawu lokubandakanyeka kwesibindi.
Abantwana abaselula
Abantwana abancinci baninzi baneempawu ezincinci ngakumbi ze-mononucleosis xa kuthelekiswa nentsha kunye nabantu abadala. Usana lungenakho iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezinobumnene. Abantwana abancinci abane-mono basenokungacatshulwa kwaye banciphise ukutya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banokuba nezibonakaliso eziphezulu zentsholongwane yokuphefumula , ezifana nokukhwehlela, impumlo yebhola, okanye imfiva epholileyo .
Abanye abantwana banamacala angamaqhinga okanye angavamile okwe-mono-ngokomzekelo, bahlakulela i-gland ephakamileyo kodwa akukho buhlungu okanye umkhuhlane. Okanye iimpawu kuphela eziba ngumsindo okanye umkhuhlane. Kukho nawuphi na umzekelo, enye inkcazo ezi zibonakaliswe ngenxa ye-mono kukuba zihlala ixesha elide kunokuba zibonakala ziqhelekileyo.
Awunakukwazi ukuba umntwana unomona ngaphandle kokuba ahlolwa iimvavanyo zegazi ezibonisa ukuba anesifo esiluphiko lwe-lymphocytosis okanye i-antibodies ebonisa i-mono. Kamva ebomini, uvavanyo oluntle lwe-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lunokuthi luveze intsholongwane ekhoyo. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba akukho unyango olwenzelwa i-mononucleosis ngaphandle kokunciphisa iimpawu, ngoko akuzange kubekho ithuba lokungenwa kweyeza.
Abadala abadala (40 kunye nabadala)
Abantu asebekhulile bavame ukubonisa ukuba umkhuhlane uhlala ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezimbini kwaye awukwazi ukubonakalisa ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezigulane eziguguzelayo kunye nomqala. Izimpawu zabo zihlala zide.
Ziyakwazi ukufumana i-jaundice kunye neemvavanyo zeebhabhi ziza kubonisa izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin kunye ne-enzyme yesibindi kunye ne-white cell count count ayiyi kuba phezulu okanye ibonise i-lymphocytes ezininzi njengoko kubonakala kubantu abancinci.
Iingxaki
Iingxaki ze-mono zingahlakulela kwaye zingaba zinzulu. Ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
- I-Anemia: I- Mono inokubangela ukuba amangqamuzana akho abomvu aphefumlo kwaye asuswe egazini lakho ngebhekile kungekudala. Umongo wakho weethambo awukwazi ukukwazi ukuqhubeka kunye nale mpahla ngokukhawuleza, okwenza i-anemia.
- I-hepatitis ene-jaundice: Ukuvuvukala kunye nokwandiswa kwesibindi kuyaxhaphaka kubantu abane-mono abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35. Ukubandakanyeka kwesibindi kudla ngokukhawuleza, kodwa akufanele uphuze utshwala ngexesha unempawu ze-mono ngenxa yale nto.
- Ipenki ephucukileyo: I-spleen ingaba yandisa ngenxa ye-mono kwaye, nangona iyingqabileyo, iyakwazi ukuphuka-imeko engxamisekileyo engabangela ukwanda kwamanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kusongela ubomi kwangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuba ugwebe imidlalo yokunxibelelana kunye nemisebenzi enzima xa unemono, njengoko inokubangela le nkcenkceshela. I-pentile ayifuni impilo enempilo, kodwa unokuba usengozini yokusuleleka nguStraptococcus pneumoniae kunye nezinye iigciwane xa isuswe.
- Inkqubo yesisulu seengxaki: Nangona ingaqhelekanga, inkqubo ye-nervous iyakuchukunyiswa yi-mono. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nazo ziquka i-Guillain-Barre syndrome, ukuxhatshazwa, i-meningitis, kunye nokukhubazeka kweBell.
- Ukusuleleka kwe-EFV eFulminant: Akunqabile, kodwa abantu abaneendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuzivikela ngenxa yentsholongwane kaGawulayo, unyango lwe-immunosuppressive for transplanting organ, okanye i-X-linked-linked lymphoproliferative disorders inokufumana usuleleko olusalawulekiyo lwe-EBV kwaye lufa ngenxa ye-mononucleosis.
- Ukuvutha kwentliziyo : Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo (nangona isenqabile) intliziyo ingqinelana kunye ne-mono ukuvuvukala kwesigxobo entliziyweni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pericarditis. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-fibrillation ye-atrial. Intsholongwane ingaphinda ifuthe i-muscle muscle kwaye ibangele i-myocarditis.
Kwakhona kukho iingxaki ezithile eziza kuqaphela amaqela athile abantu:
Abantwana
Ukuvinjelwa kwe-Airway kwiitoni ezinwebisayo kunokwenzeka kubantwana abancinci kwaye kunokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele. Udokotela wakho wezilwanyana unako ukuphosa iimpawu ze-mononucleosis kwi-infection ye-bacterial (njenge-strep throat) kwaye imisele i-antibiotic, njenge-ampicillin, i-amoxicillin okanye i-antibiotics efana ne-penicillin. Ezi antibiotics aziyi kusebenza ngoba i-mono iyintsholongwane ye-virus. Ngaphezu koko, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bahlakulela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezi zonyango.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo nabancinci
I-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo ebangelwa yi-Epstein-Barr igciwane ibonakala ingaba nemiphumo encinci kwimiphumo yokukhulelwa, nangona kukho ukulungelelaniswa okunokwenzeka kunye nokuveliswa kokuqala kunye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincinane. Unina olindelekileyo kunye ne-mono kufuneka alondoloze ukuba ahlale e-hydrated kakuhle. Umkhuhlane ophezulu unako ukwandisa umngcipheko kumntwana, kwaye iTylenol (acetaminophen) ikhetha ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.
Abanye abafazi baye baqalisa kwakhona i-EBV ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka ukuba u-Epstein-Barr adluliselwe kwintsana ngexesha lokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abasenakho iimpawu xa benesifo sosulelo lwe-EBV, ngoko akusiyo inkxalabo yezempilo. Ubisi lwesisu lunokuba ne-virus, kodwa alucaci ukuba oku kuvelisa intsholongwane kumntwana.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ufanele ubone ugqirha xa unempawu ze-mononucleosis ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa nokulawula ezinye izifo ezinokuba neziphakamiso ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Musa ukuzithemba kwi-self-diagnosis.
Ngaphandle kwe-EBV, ezinye iigciwane zingakwazi ukuzisa iimpawu ezifana neempawu . Ezi ziquka i-cytomegalovirus (i-CMV), i-adenovirus, igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi (i-HIV), i-rubella, i-hepatitis A, kunye ne-herpesvirus-6 yabantu. I- toxoplasma gondii nayo inokubangela iimpawu ezinjenge-mono-like. Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unokukhulelwa, ezinye zezi zifo ziyakumngcipheko kuwe okanye umntwana wakho. Unokuba unikwe iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ukufumanisa isizathu seempawu zakho zeemono.
Emva kokufumanisa ukuba unakho ukufumana ezinye izifo ezifuna unyango. Unokufumana umgca we-throp emgqeni we-mono, umzekelo. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo esibi, umlenze, okanye i-toni ezivuvuzayo ezenza kube nzima ukuphefumula okanye ukugwinya, jonga ugqirha wakho. Umphunga womlenze unokuthi ufumane ukuhlolwa kwe-strep. I-antibiotics iyadingeka ukunyanga i-strep throat kwaye igweme iingxaki. Kufuneka uphinde ubone ugqirha ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki zokuphefumula ngenxa yeetoni ezikhulisiweyo.
Iimpawu zentsimbi ephukile zibandakanya intlungu ephawuleza, ebukhali besisu esisecaleni lesokunxele. Kufuneka ufike esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ukubiza 9-1-1. I-spleen ephuliweyo idinga ukunyelwa igazi kunye nokuhlinzwa kwe-splenectomy ukususa ipeni kunye nokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
Iimpawu zeemono zidla ngcono emva kweeveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu. Ukuba baqhubeka, kufuneka ujonge ugqirha wakho njengoko unako, ngokwenene, ukujongana nomba othile. Ugqirha wakho angenza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukufumanisa isizathu seempawu zakho.
Umthombo:
> Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infonous Mononucleosis. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono.html.
> Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) kunye ne-Infonous Mononucleosis. Umama waseMelika wokukhulelwa. http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/epstein-barr-virus-ebv-infectious-mononucleosis/.
> Mononucleosis. Kliniki yaseCleveland. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13974-mononucleosis.
> Kaye KM. I-Mononucleosis. I-Merck Manual Professional Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/infectious-mononucleosis.
> Womack J, uJimenez M. Imibuzo Eqhelekileyo Ngomngcipheko We-Mononucleosis. WaseMerika ugqirha . 2015 uMatshi 15; 91 (6): 372-376.