Nangona kubonakala ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 e-United States banokusuleleka kwi-parasites eqhelekileyo, i- Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), uninzi alubonisi nayiphi na impawu ngenxa yeendlela zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo ezigcina i-parasite engasebenzi. I-Toxoplasmosis, isifo esibangelwa yi-parasite, sisasazeka kubantu ngokusebenzisa i-cat feces kwaye ingakhokelela kwimicimbi engundoqo yempilo yabantwana abangakazalwa kunye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba.
Ngenxa yoko, abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abane-immunosuppression kufuneka bahlale kude nebhokisi le-litter yabo kwaye baqaphele ngokulungiselela ukutya nokuphatha.
Iimpawu
Kubantu abaninzi abanempilweni, i-toxoplasmosis ibininzi okanye ayikho impawu kwaye uninzi lwabantu alukwazi nokuba lunalo. Abanye abantu baya kuba nempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ofana nomkhuhlane, umzimba womzimba, ukukhathala, intloko yesifo, okanye i-lymph nodes ezivuvukayo ezingapheli kwiiveki okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zixazulule ngaphandle kwonyango.
Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye usulelekile nge- T. gondii i- parasite okanye ulungile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, usulelo luyakwazi ukudluliselwa emntwaneni wakho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphumuleni komzimba, ukuzala, okanye ukuzalwa okungaqhelekanga, kubandakanya ukulimala kwengqondo okanye iso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintsana ezizalwe nge-toxoplasmosis azibonakalisi naziphi iimpawu ekuzalweni, kodwa kamva ziza kuhlakulela ukulahleka kombono, i-jaundice, ukukhulelwa kweziliso ezinzulu, ukwandiswa kwesibindi kunye nesantya, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nokuthinjelwa.
Kubantu abanemigudu yokuxilonga, njengaleyo ene-AIDS ephambili okanye abafumana i-high-dose chemotherapy, kukho umngcipheko wokuvuselela i- T. gondii eyayilawulwa ngaphambili ngumzimba wokuzivikela. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi njenge-encephalitis enobuchopho, ukuvuvukala kwengqondo okungabangela ukudideka, ubuthathaka, imbono ephazamisekileyo, kunye nokuthinjelwa.
Izizathu
I-Toxoplasmosis ibangelwa yi- T. gondii i- parasite, ekwazi ukuchaphazela ezininzi izilwanyana kunye neentaka. Nangona kunjalo, i-parasite ifunyenwe kuphela kwingxube yekati. Nangona izigidi zabantu zisenokuba negalelo le-parasite ngokunjalo, ziqulethwe kwiimeko ezingasebenziyo kulabo abanamasosha omzimba omzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukufumana eso sifo esivela kumntu ngaphandle kokuba ufumane ukufakelwa komzimba okanye igazi kumntu osulelekileyo, ongenqabile.
Iikati ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye- T. gondii yokuphila, kodwa ezininzi izifo zivela kude neekati. Emva kwekati inika isilwanyana esincinci sisifo, njengentonga okanye intaka, i-parasite ihlasela iiseli zamathumbu ezinja. I-parasite elandelayo ihamba ngeenguqu ezininzi zophuhliso ukuze ibe yifom echaphazelekayo, okanye i-oocyst, kwaye ikhutshelwe kwindawo yendalo kwintaka. I-parasite inokungena emzimbeni wesinye isilwanyana okanye umntu, ukuzithengela ngokwasemathunjini omzimba, imisipha yeentliziyo kunye nengqondo. Yenza i-cysts kwaye ihlala khona kuyo yonke imihla yakho.
I-Toxoplasmosis isasazeka ngoku:
- Izidlo ezinqamlekileyo, ingakumbi ingulube, imvana, kunye nenyamazane engathwala i- T. gondii cysts
- Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno engahlambulukanga eye yonakaliswa noT . gondii . Amanzi anokufumana i-parasite ngokunjalo, nangona kungenakwenzeka e-United States. Ngamanye amaxesha ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-parasite kwi-kitty litter okanye iifesi kumhlaba okanye ngamanzi akubonakalanga njengoko kukulindeleke. Amakati e-Feral okanye ukulahla inkunkuma kungabangela uxanduva.
- Iimveliso zobisi ezingapheliyo, nangona oku akunjalo
- Ukudluliselwa komama kosana ku-utero, owaziwa ngokuba yi-infenital infections
I-parasite ayifuni iintsholongwane emva kweentsuku ezi-5 emva kokuba ikhutshwe yikati ekhulelwe, kodwa inokuphila kwimeko okanye ibhokisi yeetter ngaphezu konyaka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba utshintshe ngokucokisekileyo ibhokisi lakho leetter ngosuku. Zonke izityalo kunye nemifuno oyidlayo kufuneka ihlambuluke.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwintsholongwane ye-toxoplasmosis kunzima kuba izifo ngokufanayo zifana nezinye izifo ezinjenge-influenza kunye ne-mononucleosis. Kodwa ngokubanzi, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kwisampula yegazi ethunyelwe ngokukodwa ukujonga i-antibodies nge- T. gondii .
Uhlobo oluthile lokulwa nentsholongwane lungancedisa ugqirha wakho ukuqikelela xa usulelekile.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokuxilongwa ziquka ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezincinci okanye izifo zomzimba ngenxa yobunzima begciwane. Ukufunyanwa kwe- T. gondii DNA kwi-amniotic fluid nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba umntwana uyasuleleka.
Unyango
Abantu abanempilo bavame ukubuyela kwi-toxoplasmosis ngaphandle kwonyango . Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphathwa ngamachiza, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlanganiswa kwe-pyrimethamine, i-sulfadiazine kunye ne-folinic acid, kodwa i-parasite ayikwazi ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye iza kuhlala emzimbeni kwindawo engasebenzi. Kukho ezinye iirimenimenti zabanye abanezidakamizwa ezithile.
ILizwi
Ukuba unayo ikati kwaye ufuna ukukhulelwa, ukhulelwe, okanye isistim somzimba sakho sisigxina, akukho mfuneko yokuyeka ikati lakho ngokwesaba i-toxoplasmosis. Qiniseka ukuba uthatha amanyathelo okuqapha njengokuqinisekisa ukuba upheka yonke inyama yakho kakuhle; hlamba zonke izitya zokulungiselela ukutya, indawo kunye nempahla kwindawo yamanzi ashushu; hlamba yonke imifuno neziqhamo; ukuba nomnye umntu utshintshe ibhokisi yeetter, okanye ugqoke iiglavu ezilahlayo kunye nesisindo sombuso kwaye uhlambe izandla emva koko ukuba akukho mntu ungakwenza; Ukutshintsha i-litter yonke imihla; ukuphepha ukungamkeli okanye ukuchaphazela nawaphi na amatsha amatsha xa ukhulelwe; ungakondli ikati yakho eluhlaza okanye engadliyo; kwaye ugqoke iiglavu xa uthinta umhlaba okanye isanti.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Toxoplasmosis kunye nee-FAQ zokukhulelwa. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 25, 2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Toxoplasmosis Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokuphindaphindiweyo (FAQs). ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 25, 2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Toxoplasmosis: Ukuthintela nokuLawula. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 10, 2013.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Toxoplasmosis. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Oktobha 3, 2017.