I-Toxoplasmosis ayiyisifo esiva ngayo yonke into, kodwa enye iya kuphazamisa phantse kwi-10 nganye yamaMerika ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis ziba nobubele kwaye zibandakanya intlungu ye-muscle, i-fever, ukukhathala, intloko, kunye ne-lymph nodes, ngezinye ixesha ihlala iiveki. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kuya kubakho ambalwa, ukuba kukho na, iimpawu ezibonakalayo zentsholongwane.
Esi sifo sinzima kuphela xa sidluliselwa kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye xa kwenzeka kubantu abane- HIV ephambili. Kuzo zombini iimeko, i- Toxoplasma gondii, i-parasite ebangela isifo, ingakola umonakalo omkhulu kwingqondo, amehlo, imiphunga kunye nezinye izitho eziphambili. Kulo manani lwabantu, ukuba ingabhekiswa, i-toxoplasmosis inokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo nokufa.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba aqhelekileyo, ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini amatyala e-toxoplasmosis iya kuba yinto engabonakaliyo (ngaphandle kwempawu). Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi abantu abanakuze bazi ukuba banesifo.
Ukuba iimpawu ezinzima ziyabonakala, ziza kubakho zinyameko kwaye zingabandakanya:
- Umkhuhlane wezinga eliphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-100.4 o F)
- Intloko
- Ukukhathala
- I-lymph nodes (i- lymphadenopathy )
- I-acry aches (myalgia)
- Uvakalelo oluqhelekileyo lokungazinzi (malaise)
Nangona iimpawu ezingabonakali ziba zibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zihlala ziqhubeka iiveki ekupheleni.
Ukongezelela koko, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ezingezizo, ziyakwazi ukuphosakela ngokuthe ngqo ngezinye izifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane , i- mononucleosis , okanye isifo seLyme . Nangona i-toxoplasmosis enobuhlungu ingahlukaniswa kwizinga elithile ngokungabikho kwempawu ezithile (njengokukhwehlela, umqala, okanye ukugqithisa), kunokuqinisekiswa kuphela nge-blood test okanye uhlalutyo lwe- cerebrospinal fluid okanye isampuli yenyama.
Emva kokuba usulelekile, ukhuseleko lomzimba luya kuzisa ngokuthe ngcembe. Esi sifo siya kuhamba kwisigaba esivimbayo apho i-parasite yenza i-cyst, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bradyzoite, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (kubandakanya ingqondo, intliziyo, amehlo, isibindi kunye nemiphunga). Ngaphandle kokuba iimfutho zokhuselo lwe-immune zitshatyalaliswe, i-bradyzoites inokuhlala kwimeko ehleliyo.
Iimpawu zokuzalwa
Nangona i- T. gondii idluliselwa ngokutya okungcolileyo okanye ngokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza ngomlomo kunye neengcambu zeekati, inokudlulelwa kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Le meko, eyaziwa njenge-toxoplasmosis ye-congenital, ithintela ininzi nganye kwi-10 000 yokukhulelwa e-United States, ngokwemibiko evela kwi-American Academy ye-Pediatrician Committee of Infectious Diseases. Nangona amaninzi amatyala abangelwa xa umama esandul 'ukusulelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, abanye bangabangela umonakalo wokusulela ukusulelwa kosuleleko (amaninzi amaninzi anama-HIV).
Umngcipheko woLwahlulo lokuzalwa
Nangona ingozi yokutshintshela i- T. gondii ikhula ukwanda kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhulelwa, inokulimala inokuba yinto ephakamileyo kwinxalenye yokuqala yekota yokuqala. Le yilapho iiseli ze-fetal ziqalile ukuqala ngokukhethekileyo kwaye ziphuhlise kwiiseli zobuchopho, intliziyo kunye nezinye izitho.
Ukulimala ngeli xesha lokuqala lophuhliso lunokuba yingozi. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokukhokelela kwisiphene sokuzalwa esingenakuguquka esibizwa ngokuba yi-microcephaly (apho umntwana ezalwa enekhanda elincinci kunye nengqondo) kunye ne-macrocephaly (apho usana luzalwa luzalwa lukhulu kunye nenkohlakalo enkulu).
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
I-toxoplasmosis yamaKhanjethi ingaphinda ikhulise umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu kunye nokuzala. Phantse ama-50 ekhulwini amatyala kuya kubangela ukubeleka kwangaphambi kokuhamba kunye kunye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincinane, ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntwana usulelekile ngaphambi kweveki yama-24 yesisu.
Iintsana ezinesifo se-toxoplasmosis ezinzima ziza kuba nezibonakaliso ekuzalweni okanye ziphuhlise ezintandathu zokuqala zokuphila.
Uninzi lweempawu luya kuhambelana neengxaki ezininzi ezibonakalayo kwiimeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa i-hydrocephalus ("amanzi eengqondweni"), i-chorioretinitis (ukuvuvukala kwe- choroid kunye ne-retina yeso), kunye nokubalwa kwe-intracranial (i-deposits engavamile ye-calcium kwiingqondo ngenxa yentsholongwane).
Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- I-jaundice (ukuphuka kwesikhumba kunye namehlo)
- Ukuvutha
- Uhudo
- Ukuxhalabisa iingxaki, kubandakanya ubunzima bokugwinya (i- dysphagia )
- Iingxaki zokubhenca kunye nombono
- Ukulahleka kokuva
- Iingxaki zentetho ( dysarthria )
- Ingxaki ngokuhamba, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nezakhono zezithuthi
- Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo
- Ukukhubazeka ngokwengqiqo (ngokukhawuleza kunzima)
- Ukuxhamla
Iingxaki kubantu abane-HIV
I-Toxoplasmosis ayifuni ichaphazela abantu abaneempawu zokuzikhusela ezizimeleyo. Kuphela xa i- immune system iyancitshiswa ukuba iziganeko ezinzulu zesifo zingabonakala. Nangona oku kunokwenzeka kwiimpawu zonyango okanye abantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza (zombini amaqela abo baphathwa ngamachiza anokuxhatshazwayo omzimba), iqela elichaphazelekayo yilabo baxilongwa nge- AIDS .
Encephalitis Toxoplasmic
UGawulayo uchazwa njengesigaba sokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo apho umntu unama- CD4 T-cell angama-200 (uhlobo lwe-white cell cell in central defense defense). Ngaloo ndlela, imeko efana ne-toxoplasmic encephalitis (i-toxoplasmosis yengqondo) ithathwa njenge- AIDS-ichaza , njengoko yayingabonakali ngaphandle kwe-AIDS.
Ingqondo, eqinisweni, ilungu elichaphazelekayo xa uT. gondii evuselela. Yisayithi apho i-bradyzoites ingagqithisi kuphela kodwa iqhubeka, ngokuqhelekileyo ibe yinto yokuphila yomkhosi. Ngaphandle kokukhuselana nokuzivikela komzimba ukukhusela, ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yesantya ingaba nzima kwaye ngamanye amaxesha angenakucatshulwa.
Iimpawu ze-encephalitis ye-toxoplasmic ziquka:
- Intloko
- Fever
- Ubuthakathaka obuthathaka
- Ukudideka
- Ingxaki yokuthetha nenkumbulo
- Ukuxhamla
- Utshintsho lwabantu
- Dementia
- Schizophrenia
- Coma
Ezinye izifo ezinengxaki
Ingqondo ayiyena yodwa ilungu elichaphazelekayo yi-toxoplasmosis. Ukuba i- T. gondii iphinda ibuyele kwiso (i-toxoplasmosis ye-ocular), inokubangela ukuphazamiseka, ubomvu, iintlungu zesohlo, ukugqithisa ngokweqile, iindawo eziyimfama (i- scotomas ), kunye nobuzwe obukhulu bokukhanya.
Ukusebenza kwakhona kwimiphunga (i-pulmonary toxoplasmosis) kunokubonakalisa ngefiva, ukuphefumula okufutshane ( dyspnea ), ukuvuthisa, ukuqina kwesifuba, kunye nokukhwehlela okungabonakaliyo.
Ukuba ishiywe ingaphathwa, i-toxoplasmosis kubantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo iya kubakho ukukhokelela ekufeni.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ekubeni abaninzi abantu abayizi ukuba bane-toxoplasmosis, abayi kukhangela ukunakekelwa kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, abasayi kuyidinga.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sosulelo, kuya kufuneka ufune ugqirha ukufumana ukuba umntwana wakho usulelekile. Oku kunokubandakanya i-amniocentesis (apho inaliti isetyenziselwa ukususa umkhuhlane kwi-sac amniotic ukujonga intsholongwane) okanye i-ultrasound (ukujonga iimpawu ezifana ne-hydrocephalus).
Ukuba kukho ukufumanisa i-diagnostic positive, uya kuthi wachazwe ngamayeza athile ngexesha le-trimester yesibini ukunciphisa umngcipheko wengane yakho yeengxaki. Ukuba unayo i-HIV, unokuqalisa ekuqaleni.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "Izidumbu - I-Toxoplasmosis (i-Toxoplasma Infection)." E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; Julayi 10, 2014.
> Lee, S. noLee. T. "I-Encephalitis ye-Toxoplasmic kwi-Patient nge-Acunired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." I- Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2017; 5 (1): 34-36. INGXELO: 10.1479 / btrt.2017.5.1.34.
> Maldonado, J. kunye nokuFunda, S. "Ukuxilongwa, unyango kunye nokuthintela i-Toxoplasmosis yaseComania e-United States." Iipediatrics. 2017; 139 (2): e20163860. I-DOI: 10.1542 / iipeds.2016-3860.
> McAuley, J. "I-Toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa." I- Pediatric Disfect Dis Soc Soccer. 2014; 3 (iSiza 1): S30- S35. INGXELO: 10.1093 / jpids / piu077.
> Ipaki, Y. kunye noNam. H. "Iimpawu zeCliniki kunye nokuPhathwa kwe-Ox toxoplasmosis." IsiKorea J Parasitol. 2013; 51 (4): 393-399. INGXELO: 10.3357 / kjp.2013.51.4.393.