Abantu abaninzi abahlala nezifo ze-neurological disease, okanye abaphiliweyo besifo, bafumana ubunzima bokugwinya. Abantu abahlala ne- dysphagia banzima ukutya, ukusela, nokuthatha amayeza. Ukuba ayifumananga kwaye ilawulwa ngokwaneleyo, i-dysphagia inokukhokelela ekuncedeni ukutya okunomsoco, ukunyuka kwepneumonia nokukhubazeka okuqhubekayo.
Iimpawu zeDysphagia
I-Dysphagia ibonakalisa ubunzima bokugwinya.
Iimeko ezininzi zeengxaki zegazi, ezifana nesifo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwesiberebhu kunye ne-multiple sclerosis kunokubangela ukuba i-dysphagia ukuba izihlunu ezigungayo zibe buthathaka okanye zilahlekelwe ukusebenzisana. Abantu abahlala ne-dysphagia banokufumana iimpawu ezilandelayo xa bezama ukugwinya :
- Ukukhethwa
- Ukuqhawula okanye ukugubha
- Utywala obuphuma ekhaleni
- Ukutya kubanjwe kwimiphunga
- Ilizwi elililize
- Ukunyusa
- Ukungabikho kolwimi lokulawula
- Ukulahleka kwegag reflex
UkuCwangcisa nokuSondlo ngokuSondlo
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokugwinya kukubunjwa kwe-bolus yokutya. Eli nyathelo linokukhubazeka kakhulu ukuba une-dysphagia.
I-bolus yokutya yincinci yokutya, encinci yokutya eyenziwa emlonyeni ngexesha lokuqala lokutya. Ukwakhiwa kwe-bolus yokutya kwenza inkqubo yokugwinya ilula kwaye ikhuselekile kwaye inceda nokuqala inkqubo yokutya ukutya (ukuphazamiseka) ukwenzela ukuba ukuxutywa kwezondlo kufikelele esiswini nasemathunjini amancinci.
I-bolus yokutya ibunjwa njengokutya okutshitshiweyo, kubutywe ngamathambo, kuxutywe kunye ne-enzymes kwaye yenziwe ibe yindoda ehambelanayo. I-bolus ihlala emlonyeni womlomo (umlomo) de kube inkqubo yokugwinya iqala.
Ukwakhiwa kokuqala kwe-bolus kuxhomekeke kumanyathelo amane okucoca ngomlomo onokuphazanyiswa ukuba une-dysphagia.
Amanyathelo afaka:
- Ukuhambisa ukutya ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya kumazinyo
- Ukuthuthwa kokutya emva emlonyeni ukwenza i-bolus
- Ukuhambisa i-bolus kumqolo wolwimi ukugwinya
- Ukulahla i-bolus
Emva kokuba imisipha yomlomo neyomqala iqala inkqubo yokugwinya, i-bolus yokutya ihamba isantya ngokukhawuleza, incedwe ngumntu ongabandakanyekanga (kungekhona ngamabomu). I-bolus ke idlula kwi-muscle eyahlula isisu esiswini, esibizwa ngokuba yi-sphincter esophageal. Le misipha ivale emva kokutya kwesibindi kungena kwisisu, ukuze ukutya kuhlale kwisisu apho kuphinda kuphulwe phantsi kwenkqubo yokugaya isisu .
Njengoko i-bolus ingena esiswini, ingena kwi-curved of the stomach. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokugaya isisu, i-bolus ichitshiyelwa ngamacidi kunye ne-enzyme eziveliswa esiswini. Ekugqibeleni, njengoko i-bolus iphinda iphulwe, ezinye izondlo kwi-bolus yokutya zithathwa kwisisu. Ubuninzi bezinto ezihambayo zihamba emathunjini amancinci ukwenzela ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kunye nokuxhamla.
Ukubunjwa kweBolus kunye nokudibanisa kubalulekile amanyathelo kwinkqubo yokugungqa ngezizathu ezininzi.
Okokuqala, ukwakheka kwe-bolus yokutya esithambileyo kunye ne-lubricated kukuvumela ukutya ukuba kuhambe ngokulula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokutya. Kwaye, ukuguqulwa kwindlela yokutya kunye nokwakhiwa kokutya kuqala inkqubo yokugaya imichiza, yinkqubo apho ukutya esiyidlayo kuphuhliweyo ibe ngamaqabunga amancinci ngokwaneleyo ukuze umzimba ungathabatha izondlo kwigazi. Ezi zimpawu zokutya kwe-bolus ekugqibeleni zilawula izinga apho ukutya kunye nezondlo zithathwa kwaye zikhishwe emzimbeni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-bolus yokutya ibunjwa ngokulinganisela kwaye ihamba ngendlela yokugaya ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuphuka kunye nokuxhamla esiswini nasemathunjini amancinci.
Nangona kunjalo, i-dysphagia inokuthintela ukubunjwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-bolus yokutya.
ILizwi
Ukuba uye wafumana i-dysphagia, iingxaki zakho zokugwinya zingaphucula ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uya kuphucula ngaphandle kokungenelela. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana ukuphucula okungcono ukuba unayo i-dysphagia.
Ulawulo lwe-dysphagia luquka ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, ukusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye unyango.
- Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila: Utshintsho lwezithuba, zombini ukuma nokuhlala, kunye nokutya okucothayo iindlela ezilula ezinokunciphisa inkqubo yokugwinya. Ukunxiliswa kwamanzi, njengamanzi, kunzima ukugwinya ukuba unayo i-dysphagia. Ukutshintsha ubukhulu bamanzi kunye nokutya ukutya okuncinci kunokunceda.
- Ukusebenzisa unyango: Unyango lwe-dysphagia luquka unyango ngoncedo lwentetho, ulwimi, umsebenzi okanye oogqirha. Uqeqesho lweelwimi , imilomo , umlomo, nomlomo uya kukhulula kwaye kuqiniswe izihlunu ezilawula ukugwinya nokunyusa ukuguquguquka kommandla.
- Unyango lwonyango: Kukho imishanguzo yonyango enokukunceda ukuvula imisipha yomqala ukuba wenze ukugwinya kulula. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ne-neuromuscular stimulation stimulation (NMES).
> Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:
> I-anatomy kunye ne-physiology yeziqhelo eziqhelekileyo nezingavumelekanga kwi-oropharyngeal dysphagia, iSasegbon A, i-Hamdy S, i-Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Nov; 29 (11). i-doi: 10.1111 / nmo.13100. Epub 2017 Meyi 25.