Usulelo lweNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga luye lwasasazeka ngokuqhagamshelana nobutyebi obunentsholongwane, nangona ezinye iindlela zokusuleleka ziye zachongwa. Ukuqonda ukuba le ntsholongwane isasazeka yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela intsholongwane yeNtshonalanga yeNayile.
Imbali
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNtsholongwane i- RNA virus , ihlelwe ziziingcali zonyango ezithathelwanayo njengelungu leqela legciwane le-encephalitis yaseJapan.
Kwakuqala ukuxhomekeka kwisesampula yegazi egcinwe kuma-1930s ukusuka kwi-West Nile yase-Uganda.
Kwiminyaka emva nje intsholongwane isasazeke malunga nehlabathi lonke, kwaye namhlanje itholakala e-Afrika, eMbindi Mpuma, eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Australia, naseMntla naseMzantsi Melika.
Nangona okokuqala bekucingelwa ukuba ayikho into ekhethekileyo, isifo seNayile saseNtshonalanga ngoku saziwa ukuba sijongene nesimo esichengeni se- meningitis kunye ne- encephalitis kwinxalenye encinci yabantu abasulelekileyo.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokugula
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yi-arbovirus, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane echithwe yi-arthropods. Kuphantse ngokusasazeka ngamanzi. Intsholongwane ifunyanwa yizinyoyi xa zixhaphaza kwiintaka, umphathi omkhulu wegciwane leNtshonalanga yeNayile.
Ummi
Iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zobumongwane ziye zaboniswa ukuba zisuleleke kwiNtshonalanga yeNayile kwi-United States naseKhanada. Iimvumba ezisasaza intsholongwane ebantwini ngokuqhelekileyo ziphakathi kwezihlwele zeCulex, iintlobo ezinambuzane ezixhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile iye yahlukana nakwiikhiza, kodwa akucaci ukuba iikhegi ziyi-vector yesifo.
Indima yeentaka
Zininzi iintlobo zeentaka ziye zachongwa njengemiphefumlo enesifo sengcinezelo, kunye neendlela ezenziwe ngayo intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsholongwane ezinentsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeNayile zineengxaki eziphezulu zegciwane kwigazi labo ixesha elide kodwa zingenayo impawu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba inyosi ethelelekileyo inako ukudlulisela intsholongwane kwiintshukumo ixesha elide.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, amahlungulu kunye nama-jay ziye zafumana iqondo eliphezulu lokufa kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile, kwaye iindawo ezininzi zendawo ziye zafumana ukufa kweentaka ezixhaphakileyo. Ukongezelela koko, abantu abahlala kufuphi nendawo apho iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka zifayo kwiintsholongwane zibonakala zinokubakho kwe-HIV yeNile.
Ezinye iindlela zokuThatshazwa
Nangona iinjongo eziphambili zentsholongwane yabantu zidibana nobuthakathaka obunentsholongwane, intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga nayo ingafumaneka ngokuqhagamshelana negazi okanye iimveliso zegazi kubantu abanentsholongwane egazini labo.
Ukutshintshwa
Usulelo lweNtsholongwane yeNtshonalanga luye lwachongwa njengento eyenziwa ngegazi kunye nokunyuswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iplasma kunye neeplatelets. Olu hlobo lokudluliselwa kwezinto luyancitshiswa kakhulu ngoku ukuba ukuhlolwa kwendawo yonke kwenziwa emazweni amaninzi kwimveliso yegazi. Oku kuhlolwayo akuphelelanga, nangona kunjalo, kuba kungenakukufumanisa intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga ukuba iimeko eziphantsi kakhulu.
Transplants
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile kwenzeke kunye nokufakelwa komzimba kubanikeli abanegalelo. Kule meko i-serum echongiweyo evela kubaxhasi ibonakele kwintsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile, iphakamisa ngokucacileyo ukuba isifo segciwane sisaphila esasikhona kwizitho ezinikelwe.
Ukukhulelwa
Kwakhona kukho iimeko ezimbalwa zokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yobundlobongela baseNtshonalanga yeNayile, obangelwa ukusasazeka kwi-placenta ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha le-trimester yesithathu. Kule meko, iintsana zihlaselwe isifo kwintsholongwane emva nje kokuzalwa. Nangona ezi ngxelo, ukudluliselwa kwe-virus yeNayile yaseNtshonalanga kuthethwa ukuba akunqabile.
Izizathu zeMpawu
Xa intsholongwane yaseNtshona yeNayile ingena kwigazi kwaye iqala ukuphindaphinda, isistim somzimba somzimba ngokukhawuleza siphendule ukutshabalalisa intsholongwane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsholongwane ezinokusuleleka kwintsholongwane zivela ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ziqhwala zibophelela kwiintlobo zegciwane kwaye zibangela ukuba zitshabalalise.
Ukongeza, iiseli ze-immune zijonge ngokukhawuleza ukuhlasela intsholongwane. Ukuphendula komzimba kukukhokelela ekuveliseni i-interferons ehlukeneyo kunye ne- cytokines , ezilwa ne-virus kodwa ezivame ukuvelisa ukuvuvukala, ezikhokelela kwimpawu ezibonakalayo kwi-West Nile fever. Ngale ndlela, isistim somzimba sogonywa ngumzimba sisusa intsholongwane kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
Kwabanye abantu, nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane yaseNtshona yeNayile inako ukuwela umqobo weengxaki zegazi kunye nokufumana indawo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yeentlanzi. Laba bantu bahlakulela imiphumo eyoyikisayo yentsholongwane ye-West Nile-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis.
Izinto zobungozi
Nabani na umntu olwa yintongwane kwindawo apho intaka leyo ithwala intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yintsholongwane. Ekubeni le mimandla ngoku ihlanganisa isabelo esikhulu sehlabathi, phantse nayiphi na into yokulumza inambuzane inokuthi ikwazi ukuhambisa intsholongwane, kunoma yimuphi umntu. Utshilo oluthe xa uluthola, luphakamisa umngcipheko wakho.
Uninzi lwabantu abasuleleke kwiNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga banokugula kuphela, okanye akukho mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci labantu abanesifo (ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye) liza kuphuhlisa uhlobo olusisiseko, olusongela ubomi be-neurological of infection.
Nangona esi siphumo esinzima singathintela nabani na osuleleke kwiNtsholongwane yeNayile yaseNtshonalanga, abanye babonakala benomngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlaselwa kwe-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis. Izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko ziquka:
- Ubudala
- Cancer
- Ikhemotherapy yakamuva
- Sikashukela
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala
- Izifo zesifo
- Ngokwesini
Kule miba, kubalulekile ukusebenza kunye nogqirha wakho ukuba ubona nantoni na ngaphandle kwesiqhelo, nokuba kubonakala ngathi kubanda.
> Imithombo:
> Busch Mp, uCaglioti S, uRobertson Ef, no-Al. Ukuhlola Ukunikezelwa Kwegazi KwiNtsholongwane YaseNtshonalanga yeNayile I-Rna Ngama-Nucleic Acid Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Amplification Testing. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 460.
> Johnson Gd, uEidson M, uSchmit K, no-Al. Ukuqulunqwa kweeNdawo zoLuntu kwiNtsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile ngokusebenzisa amaClusters aBantu abafileyo: Ukuvavanywa koNyaka ka-2002 Idatha e-New York State. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 171.
> O'leary Dr, Kuhn S, Kniss Kl, Et Al. Iziphumo zokuzalwa Emva kokungenwa kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo eUnited States: 2003-2004. Iingcali zika-2006; 117: E537.
> Petersen Lr, Brault Ac, Nasci Rs. Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile: UkuHlola kweeNcwadi. JAMA 2013; 310: 308.
> Rizzo C, Napoli C, Venturi G, kunye no-Al. Ukuhanjiswa kweNtsholongwane yeNtshonalanga yeNayile: Iziphumo ezivela kwi-System Integrated Surveillance System e-Italy, ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2015. I-Euro Surveill 2016; 21.