Indlela umzimba ozikhusela ngayo ngexesha losuleleka kuGawulayo
Xa inkcitho yangaphandle efana ne-bhakteria okanye intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisasebenza ngokwabo ukukhusela kumchaseli. Inkqubo ngokwayo iququzelelwe kwiinkonzo eziyinkimbinkimbi zeeseli kunye nezimpendulo zamaselula ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba zichonge, zifake uphawu, kwaye zilungelelanise i-arhente echaphazelayo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, umzimba uyakwazi ukuzimela. Kwezinye, kunjalo, umzimba wokhuseleko unokuphazamiseka kwaye awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokufuna ukungenelela kwezonyango ukuzisa umtshabalali phantsi kolawulo.
Ukuphendula nge-Immune Respection ngexesha loGawulayo lwe-HIV
Xa i-HIV ingena kuqala emzimbeni, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisithumela ekukhuselweni kwayo kokuqala. Aba khuseli bokuqala bafaka iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi- macrophage (ngokwegama lithetha "iidlo ezinkulu") kunye neeseli ze-dendritic ("finger"), ezijolise ukulungelelanisa nokubulala iintsholongwane kwisayithi yokuvelela.
Zombini i-macrophage kunye neeseli zendlala zibhekwa njengengxenye yenkqubo yokuzivikela emzimbeni, oko kuthetha ukuba bahlala bejikeleza ukuhlaselwa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukungena kwintsholongwane kunomtshatsheli (umzekelo, kwiimeko zokuxhamla ngegazi okanye ukulala ngokwesondo), ezi iiseli kaninzi azikwazi ukufumana isifo. Ukuze wenze oko kufuna ukuba impendulo yokuzivikela yomzimba ijoliswe ngakumbi.
Emva kokuba umzimba uqaphele ukuba kukho intsholongwane, izibonakaliso ze-biochemical zithunyelwa kwiiseli ezizibophelela kubahlaseli kwaye "ziwanike" kwezinye iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- T cells .
Ngokwenza njalo, i-subset ye "CD" T-cell isalathisi "umbulali" ii- CD8 T-seli zanda kwaye zinciphisa iintsholongwane ezihlasela.
Umzimba uphinde uvelise izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi- antibodies , ezijolise kwaye zibulale abahlaseli abathile nakuba amanqaku eselula ayaziwa njenge- antigens.
Ziziphi iiAntigens kunye neAntibodies?
Ama-antigens luhlobo lweprotheni ehlala kwiindawo zonke zeeseli. Zisebenza njengezihlomelo kwaye zixelele umzimba ukuba iseli lingowomzimba okanye kufuneka litshabalalise.
I-nganye nganye iseli emzimbeni wethu ine-antigen eyahlula izinto ezilungileyo kwizinto ezimbi. Kungenxa yama-antigen ukuba i-immune system iyakwazi ukukhusela ukukhusela okujoliswe kuyo.
Ama-antibodies nawo ayenamaprotheni asebenza ngokukhawuleza ngama-antigens ukuze aphelise amazwe angaphandle. Xa umzimba ufumanisa i-antigen yangaphandle, ivelisa umntu ochasayo oya kudibanisa ne-antigen njengekhikhi kunye nencoko. Xa isitshixo sikhiye, iseli ye-antigen ayikwazi ukuvelisa. Ngokumisa amandla omhlaseli ukuba azalise, kubulawe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usulelekile.
Ngelishwa, ngexesha lokusuleleka ngoGawulayo, la maqhinga aqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo ukulwa nokusuleleka, ukushiya i-HIV ikhululekile ukuba yande kwaye iwonakalise isistim somzimba.
I-HIV inokulimaza njani kwiNkqubo yokuThumela uMzimba
Emva kokuqala kwinqanaba le-HIV eliphambili (i-early) yesandulela- ngculazi, isistim somzimba sisisifo sinokuthi singenise isifo kwinqanaba apho intsholongwane ayinakucinywa kodwa amanqanaba aye kwi-"point set point". Umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo unokukwazi ukugcina kule nqanaba iminyaka, ngokuqhelekileyo eninzi ukuba kukho naziphi iimpawu.
Kodwa ingxaki yukuthi, ngelixa ukuphendula kwangaphambili komzimba kusemandleni, kuphazamiseka izinto ezimbini:
- Okokuqala, ukuqala kwintsholongwane, uhlobo lwe-HIV (olubizwa ngokuba yi- provirus ) lungabaleka kwaye "lufihle" kwiindawo ezinamavili ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo zokugcina , apho umzimba ongakwazi ukuwafumana.
- Okwangoku, i-HIV esebenzayo kunye ne-free-circulating HIV iyanciphisa ukukhuselwa kwe-immune ngokuthelela ii-CD4 T-cell ezenzelwe ukuqala impendulo. Ngokwenza njalo, i-immune system ishiywe iyimfama kwaye iya kuba yincinci kwaye ikwazi ukuzivikela.
Xa sele isele i-CD4 iseli, i-immune system "iyaxhatshazwa," ayisakwazi ukunqanda abahlaseli okanye ukukhusela ezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo ekubambeni nasekubangela ukugula
Le nqanaba libizwa ngokuba yi- AIDS , esiyichaza ngokuba ne- CD4 count engaphantsi kwe-200 seli-mL kunye / okanye ne- AIDS-defining disease .