Enye ye-conundrum ye- AIDS yokugonywa kwegciwane lokugonywa kukuba i-virus ikwazi "ukuzifihla" ngokwayo kwizinto zokuzikhusela zomzimba kunye neziyobisi ezibhekiselele ekunciphiseni. Esikhundleni sokujikeleza ngokukhululekile egazini apho kunokuthi ichaneke ngokukhawuleza, intsholongwane ingenele iiseli kunye nezicubu kuwo wonke umzimba kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-proviral state.
Kwimeko yayo ye-proviral, i- HIV imane ifake i-genetic material yayo kweso selithi yayo. Ngoko endaweni yokuchazwa njengentsholongwane ye-free circulation virus, ithetha nje ngokuba i-cell cell host. Ngenxa yoko, i-immune system ye-immune ingacetyiswa kukungena kwintsholongwane ngeli xesha le-latency, elivumela ukuba liqhubeke lingenakunyuswa kwi sizukulwana kwisizukulwana.
Nangona i-HIV ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyena kuphela i-viral pathogen eyaziwayo ukwenza oku, ukukwazi kwayo ukufihla kuye kwenza ukucinywa kunzima kakhulu, kuphazamisa abaphandi malunga nxalenye engcono kwiminyaka engama-30.
Okwangoku, izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba uphumelele kangakanani ukungena kwe-proviral. Uphando olusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins ngo-2103 lucetyiswa ukuba izixhobo zamagumbi ezinamavili ezinama-HIV zingama-60 angaphezu kwamaxesha angaphezu kwama-60 kunoko ngaphambili.
Ngelixa iinzame zenziwe ukuba zisebenze kwaye "zikhabe" intsholongwane kula maseli anesifo, bambalwa abathintekayo abanokungqinelwa bakwazi ukufikelela kumanqanaba okusebenza okufunekayo ekupheliseni unyango.
Ukuqonda i-Proviral State
Ngenkcazo, i-provirus yintlobo yezinto eziphilayo (i-genome) yegciwane elidibeneyo kwi-DNA yesitokethi esiphelelekileyo.
Kukho ezimbini ii-proviral. Iyokuqala nje isigaba sokuphindaphinda kwintsholongwane xa i-provirus "i-hijacks" i-coding ye-genetic cell cell-ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mRNA-transcription-kwaye iqondisa ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane elitsha, eliza kuhlasela amanye amaseli.
Oku kuthiwa yintsholongwane evelisayo.
Okwesibini yimeko apho intsholongwane ayiyi kuphinda iphendule kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuba iqhutywe kwi-DNA yeseli yesistim njengoko ihlaziya kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- infection entle, kwaye iiseli ezamkelekileyo ezisulelwe yi-provirus zidla ngokuba ziindawo zokugcina .
Utsholongwane olusandul 'ufikeleleko lunokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza ekuphenduleni utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo okanye kwimpilo yomntu ogulayo. Kwi-HIV, oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa unyango lwe-antiretroviral luphela , mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuphuculwa koxhatshazo okanye ukunamathela ngokuthe ngqo , kunye / okanye xa ukhuselo lwe-immune luphelile ngenxa yesifo.
Xa oko kwenzeka, i-provirus "engasetyenziswanga" ingaqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqalise ukubonakalisa i-genome yayo, ivelise igulogu entsha xa ibulala iseli lesistim.
Enye yemingeni yoyilo lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ubeka iindlela zokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-HIV kwi-latent, proviral. Ngenxa yokuba i-HIV ayifaki ukuchazwa kwezidakamizwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, iintsholongwane ze- antiretroviral- ezisebenza ngokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwe-viral-zinefuthe elincinci. Ngaloo ndlela, intsholongwane ayibonakaliyo, ayakwazi ukuhlala efihlakeleyo nangona i- anti-antiretroviral yonyango ngokupheleleyo .
Oososayensi ngoku bahlola iindlela zokuqalisa iindawo zokugcina ezidlulileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesinye sezixhobo zonyango. Ukuba ngaba yimpumelelo, ezinye izicwangciso (unyango, i-immunologic) zinokuqeshiswa ukuba ziqeshwe ukutshabalalisa i-HIV esanda kutyhila. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "ukubetha ukukhaba," indlela ekugqibeleni ingakhokelela ekuphumeleleni umviwa ogqibeleleyo kunye / okanye isicwangciso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwegama: pro-VY-rus
Imithombo:
Ho, Y; kunye al., "Iiprosturus ezingenakunyuswa eziphambili kwiindawo ezinokuthi zikhuphe umqobo wokunyanga kwe-HIV-1." Cell. 2013; 155: 540-551.
I-Wu, Y. "Intsholongwane yesimo se-HIV-1: izifundo ezivela kwi-provirus kunye ne-DNA engahlangeneyo." Retrovirology. NgoMeyi 21, 2004; 1 (13): i-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-1-13.
U-Eisele, E. no-Siciliano, R. "Ukuhlengahlengisa iindawo zokukhusela i-HIV-1." Ku khuselwa. NgoSeptemba 21, 2012; 37 (3): 377-388.
Ho, Y; Shan, L .; Hosmane, N .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuphendulela-I-Provirous engaQinisekisiyo engabonakaliyo kwiHlabathi eliLandisiweyo Ukwandisa ibhawulo kwiNtsholongwane kaGawulayo-1." Iseli. Oktobha 23, 2013. 155 (3): 540-551.