Izinto ezili-10 omele wazi ngazo ngeHIV

Ukunyaniseka akusilize, kodwa kuphakade

Ukuchasene neziyobisi ze-HIV yinkinga apho wonke umntu ononyango uza kugqitha. Ngamanye amaxesha kuphuhliswa ngokwakho emva kweminyaka yonyango okanye, ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umntu engaphumeleli ukuthatha iziyobisi njengoko kumiselweyo. Emininzi malunga nokokuba ukunganyangeki kweziyobisi kungadluliselwa kumntu kumntu ngokuqhagamshelana ngesondo , iinaliti ezabelwana ngazo, okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu .

Nangona uxhalaba olubanzi malunga ne-HIV engaxhatshazwayo, abantu abaninzi bahlala bedidekile malunga nokuba kutheni kwenzeka okanye bangakwenza ntoni ukuyeka.

Nantsi i-primer enokukunceda:

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Izidakamizwa ze-Antiretroviral Musa ukuMelana

Xa usuleleko lwe-HIV lwenzeka, alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HIV kodwa lunezikhuni zamawaka ezahlukahlukileyo ezihlukeneyo, ngasinye sihluke kancinci.

Ukumelana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubangelwa ukuba imeko yendalo ye-viral ishintshile. Xa izidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral zongezwa kumxube, iintsholongwane ezinokukwazi ukusinda zihamba phambili ngaphezu kwazo ezingenako. Abasindileyo yinto esibhekisela kuyo njengegciwane elikhuselekanga.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iintsholongwane ezingaphepheki zingaba ngumda ophezulu. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa unyango luye lwayeka okanye luphazamisekile, ukuvumela ukuhluka okungafaniyo ukuphindaphinda kwaye ekugqibeleni kugxininise.

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Uhlobo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo luneNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kwiNkqubo yalooMdaka

Kwi-pool ye-viral engaphendulwanga, i-variant ephawulekayo iyaziwa njenge-wild-type. Intsholongwane yezilwanyana zasendle ayinakunyulwa kwaye ingaqwalaselwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwimeko yayo yendalo. Yona isona sikhulu kakhulu "esifanelekileyo" kwaye sikwazi ukuhlala apho abanye abakwazi khona.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-HIV-ye-wild-type iya kubakho ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iindidi. Kuphela xa i-pool ye-viral ibonakaliswe kwizidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antiretroviral eziza kuqala ukuguqulwa kwabantu.

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Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iphendula ngokukhawuleza kodwa iyalungiswa kwiimpazamo

Ukuba ishiywe ingaphendulwanga, i-HIV iphendula ngokubanzi, ivelise ezininzi ezili-10 ezigidi iintsholongwane iintsuku nganye. Kodwa, ngelo xesha, i-HIV iyakwazi ukufumana iimpazamo zekhowudi xa uphendula. Iintsholongwane eziveliswa yizo mpazamo zibizwa ngokuthi "utshintsho."

"Ukuguqulwa komzimba" akuthethi kuthiwa "ukuxhatshazwa." Ubuninzi balaba baphambukayo abanako ukusulela okanye baphile.

Nangona kunjalo, ngezinye izihlandlo, kuya kuvela ukuguqulwa komzimba okukwazi ukuchaphazela iiseli ezamkelekileyo kwaye uphile phambi kwezilwanyana ezichasene ne-antiretroviral. Ezi zinguqu zinokungaxhatshazwa ngamachiza.

Ngelixa bengaphantsi "bafanelekile" kunegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi, ukukwazi kwabo ukusinda kwimiphumo ye-HIV yonyango kubanika ithuba elingcono lokungagcini nje kuphela kodwa lihlala likhulu.

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Utshintsho olunokuthi lwakwazi ukuzomeleza ukuxhathisa imithi

Ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi akukwenzeka konke kanye kanye. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza emva kwexesha njengoko inani elinyanisekileyo liqhubeka liphindaphinda liphinde litshintshe ezinye izitshintsho ezongeziweyo.

Yonke imihla ngoku, ukuguquka okutsha okuza kukhula kuyakukhula ngaphezulu komdala, kukhulisa ukuqina kwegciwane. Njengoko uninzi lwale mitshintshi yokwakha, intsholongwane ingakwazi ukusukela ekubeni yintsholongwane engaphelelekiyo.

Xa iziyobisi zingasakwazi ukunqanda intsholongwane, ukungaphumeleli kwonyango kuya kubhengezwa kunye kunye nokudibanisa ezahlukeneyo kwamachiza kuyakufuneka ukubuyisela ukuxothwa.

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Ukuba neNtsholongwane engapheliyo Akuthethi ukuba Unqabile

Ukuchaswa kulinganiselwe kwiidridi. Uhlobo olumelana nolwazi olunokumelana nalo luyakwazi ukuxhathisa ngokupheleleyo, lukhuselekanga, okanye lunokwakheka ngokupheleleyo kwisicatshulwa esithile se-HIV.

Ukuba nokuguqulwa okuchaseneyo akuthethi ukuba unyango lwakho luya kuphelelwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyango lwe-HIV lubandakanya izidakamizwa ezintathu, nto leyo leyo inokunqanda amaninzi amaninzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba elinye lamachiza akho alikwazi ukunqanda uhlobo oluthile, elinye okanye zombini amayeza asele anakho.

Kodwa, ukwenjenjalo kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe amayeza akho imihla ngemihla. Ukuba nezithuba kwionyango zakho zivumela kuphela ukuhluka okungafaniyo ukuphindaphinda kwaye uqale ukwakhiwa okongeziweyo, utshintsho olunokulimaza.

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Ukuchasiswa Kunokudlulela kwabanye abantu

Nangona usanda kutsholongwane, Kunokwenzeka ukuba uzuze i-virus engaxhatshazwayo kumntu osulele kuye. Sibhekisela kule nkcazo . Kuye kubekho imeko, eqinisweni, apho umntu osandul 'utshasulele ezuze ilifa elinzulu, ukumelana neziyobisi ezininzi kwiiklasi eziliqela ze-HIV.

Ngokomphando ovela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo, malunga neyodwa yesithintelo esithandathu kwi-US ibandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kokudluliselwa komzimba omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwee-antiretrovirals.

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Uvavanyo lokuShatshazwa lunceda ukukhetha izidakamizwa ezifanelekileyo

Uvavanyo lokuphikiswa luhlobo lokuhlolwa kwegazi olukunceda ukuchonga iziphi iziyobisi ze-HIV onokumelana nalo kwaye unakho ukuthintela. Unika ugqirha wakho umfanekiso weentlobo kunye namanqanaba okuchaswa kweziyobisi ezikhoyo kwiziko lakho le-viral.

Ngokwenza njalo, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukwanda kwezilwanyana ezinokukwazi ukunyanga i-viral population.

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Ukunyamekela okubi kukunika iVirus i-Survival Edge

Unyango lwe-HIV uthathwa imihla ngemihla ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo izidakamizwa kwindlela yakho yokukhusela intsholongwane kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo . Abayikubulala intsholongwane kodwa kunokuba bayithintele ukuphendula.

Ukuba awuthathi amachiza akho rhoqo, amazinga egazini aya kuqala ukuwa phantsi kwaye avumele ukuba intsholongwane iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ifake. Nangona iilitsha zamatsha zininzi "zithethelela" kwaye zivumela ukuba idosi ephosakeleyo ikhefu, ukunyanzeliswa kakubi kusekho nto eyona nto ebangela ukuhluleka kweyeza.

Enyanisweni, ngokucwaninga kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins, abangaphantsi kwama-60 ekhulwini kumaMerika kwi-antiretroviral therapy bayakwazi ukufezekisa okanye ukugcina umthwalo ongenakwenzeka

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Ukuchasiswa komnye weDrug kunokuchaphazela iiKlasi ezininzi

Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho luguqula iimpawu zenyama (i-phenotype) yegciwane, nayiphi na intsholongwane yintsholongwane inokuthi ibe neyodwa inkunkuma ingasichaphazela ezinye iziyobisi zeklasi enye. Sibhekisela kule nto njengokuba singanyangeki.

Oku kwakuyimeko eqhelekileyo kunye nezidakamizwa ezindala ze-HIV ezinjengeSusvava (efavirenz) kunye ne-Viramune (i-nevirapine), ezo zombini zisesibini kwiklasi ye- non-nucleoside drug . Ukuba unyukisele, umzekelo, kwi-Viramune (enokuthi yenzeke lula kodwa ingatshintshi enye), unokuthi ulahlekelwe nguSustiva.

Nangona le nto ingaxhomekekanga kumachiza omtsha okulwa ne-antiretroviral, kusengokwemvelo ukufumana ukungaphumeleli kwonyango kwaye ubone ukuba awulahlekanga omnye okanye ezimbini izidakamizwa kodwa zonke iiklasi zeziyobisi.

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Ukunyaniseka akusilize, kodwa kuphakade

Xa unesifo sengqindi esingaxhatshazwayo, uya kuhlala usenayo intsholongwane. Kwaye, njengoko loo ntsholongwane idlulayo ukusuka kumntu omnye ukuya kwesinye, iyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwakha ukumelana nokuchasene.

Ngenxa yoko, abantu abasandul 'ukusuleleka banokuzitholela iinketho ezimbalwa zonyango, ngelixa abantu abane-HIV banokungenakukwazi ukufezekiswa kwintsholongwane nangona kuthobela ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubambelela ngokufanelekileyo kweziyobisi kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zozesondo kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokusasazeka kodwa ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweziyobisi zakho zeHIV.

> Imithombo:

> Kim, D .; Ziebell, R .; Saduvala, N. et al. "Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-HIV-1 ye-anti-anti-drug resistant-in-mutations:" 10 indawo ze-HIV, i-US, 2007-2010. " INgqungquthela ye-20 kwi-Retroviruses kunye neZifo eziHlangayo. Matshi 3-6, 2013; I-Atlanta, eGeorgia, i-149.

> McCarthy, S .; Hoffman, M .; UFerguson, uL. et al. "Ukunyamekela ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo: imizekelo, amanyathelo kunye nokuqhubela phambili." J Int AIDS Soccer. 2015; 18 (1): 19395. INGXELO: 10.7448 / IAS.18.1.19395.