Indlela Ukuguqulwa kwezeMpilo kukuchaphazela njani
Ngomhla ka-23 Matshi 2010, uMongameli uBrazil wasayina umthetho umthetho wezolawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo obizwa ngokuba nguNcedo loNonophelo olungabonakaliyo. Injongo yomthetho kukuqinisekisa ukuba phantse bonke abemi baseMerika banokufikelela kwi- inshurensi yempilo .
Utshintsho oluphambili kuMthetho woNonophelo olunganakuncedo lwenzelwe ukunciphisa kakhulu imingcele yokufumana ukukhutshwa kwezempilo kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango ezifunekayo.
Kodwa umthetho uye waba neengxabano ukususela ekuqaleni, kwaye ukwahlukana okubuhlungu kwenkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kuye kwaphumela ekuphunyezweni okuncinci kwenkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ininzi yamalungiselelo e-ACA aqalise ukusebenza ngo-2014, kubandakanywa nemfuneko yokuba bonke abantu baseMerika bahlale bekhuseleko lwe-inshorensi yezempilo-nokuba ngumqeshi wabo, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yoluntu efana ne- Medicaid okanye i- Medicare , okanye ngokuthenga ukuthengwa kumashishini ngamnye, mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa okanye utshintshiselwano . Kukho isohlwayo esihlolwe yi-IRS xa abantu bengagcinanga i-inshorensi yempilo, kodwa eso sihlwayo siya kupheliswa emva kokuphela kuka-2018, phantsi kwemiqathango yoMthetho weeNkcitho zoTywala kunye noMsebenzi, owenziwe ngo-Disemba 2017 . kusekho isohlwayo sokungaqiniseki ngo-2018 , kodwa akuyi kubakho isohlwayo kubantu abangaqinisekisiwe ngo-2019, ngaphandle kokuba baseMassachusetts, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinokumisela izigwebo zabo.
Amagqabantshintshi kuMthetho ononophelo loNonophelo
Izibhengezo zeempawu zezempilo zeqela kunye nezincinci ezivela kwi:
- Ukukhawulela ukukhutshwa ngenxa yeemeko zonyango zangaphambili .
- Ukuyeka ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kweemeko zobuqhetseba okanye ukunyeliswa okungekho nkohliso.
- Ukuhlawula iiprayimari eziphakamileyo ngenxa yemicimbi yezempilo.
- Ukuhlawula ababhalisi abadala bephindaphinda kathathu ubuninzi kubhaliso abancinci.
- Ukunikezela izicwangciso ezingabonakali iinkonzo zempilo ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba isicwangciso sizalwe okanye sikhulu.
Kudinga zonke izicwangciso zezempilo ezingenakuzaliswa.
- Ukukhusela ukhuseleko lokukhusela ngaphandle kokwabelana ngeendleko.
- Ukukhupha iindleko ze-pocket kwi-network-benefit benefits. I-HHS ibeka umda ophezulu wokuphuma kwee-pocket ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngo-2018, ayikwazi ukudlula i-$ 7,350 kumntu ngamnye, okanye i-$ 13,700 kwintsapho.
- Vumela abantu abadala ukuba bahlale kwisicwangciso sezempilo somzali kude kube ngama-26 ubudala .
Kudinga abaqeshi abaziintloko ukuba:
- Ukubonelela nge-inshurensi yempilo yabanini-mali abanokuhlawulela abasebenzi babo bexesha elizeleyo, okanye baxhomekeke kwizigwebo.
Kudinga abantu ukuba:
- Fumana i-inshurensi yezempilo okanye uhlawule isohlwayo , ngaphandle kokuba bafanele ukuxolelwa . Le mfuneko iya kuhlala isasebenza ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa isohlwayo iya kuncitshiswa ibe yi-$ 0 kubantu abangenakuqinisekiswa ngo-2019 nangaphezulu ( kusekho isohlwayo sokungaqinisekiswa ngo-2018 )
Yenza ukukhutshwa kunye nokunyamekela okuthengekayo nge:
- Iirhafu zeerhafu
- Ukunciphisa iindleko
- Ukwandiswa kweMilicaid (ama-19 awazange avume inkxaso-mali yemali yokwandisa iMedicaid ekuqaleni kwe-2018, nangona i-Maine ilungiselelwe ukukhulisa iMedicaid phakathi no-2018, phantsi kwemiqathango yenkqubo yokuvota abaye bahamba ngayo ngo-2017).
Utshintsho lwabantu baseMerika abangenaNtsholongwane yeMpilo
Ngokuxhomekeka kwingeniso yakho, ubungakanani bentsapho, kunye neendawo zokuhlala, unakho ukhetho oluninzi lweenkonzo, kubandakanywa uncedo lwezemali (uncediso) ukuba awukwazi ukuthenga imali yinshuwalense yezempilo. Ezi zilandelayo ziyimimiselo yokukhethwa kwenkcazo-inqanaba lemali engenayo lisetyenziswa ku-2018.
Ukulungelelanisa iMedicaid, i-2018 yeNqanaba loLohlwempu leNombolo lisetyenziswe ngo-2018, ngelixa kulungelelaniso lwe-premium inkxaso, iifom 2017 FPL zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwe-2018 (oku kubangelwa ukuba ukubhaliswa okuvulekileyo kwenkqubo yokuzimela bucala kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala, kunyaka, nangaphambi kokuba amanani eFPL ahlaziywe kunyaka omtsha).
Umzekelo 1: Ulungelelaniso lweMedicaid kummandla owandise iMedicaid
Ingeniso yonyaka:
- ukuya ku-$ 16,753 ngamnye
- ukuya kuma-34,638 weenqwelo zeentsapho ezine
Amazwana:
- Abemi baseMerika abangenayo imali abahlali base-US, kunye nabangena kwamanye amazwe, bangabhalisa kwinkqubo yabo ye-Medicaid.
- Urhulumente wakho unokumisela inqanaba elincinci leendleko ze- out-of-pocket , ezifana ne-copayment ye-$ 1 ukuya kwi-5 yee-5 ukuvakatyelela ugqirha okanye iinkonzo ezikhethiweyo. Ezinye iindawo zibeka iiprayimari ezikhethiweyo zokubhalisa iMedicaid kunye ne ngeniso ngenqanaba le-intlupheko (i-ACA ivumela ukuba i-Medicaid ikhulise ukuya kuma-138 ekhulwini kwinqanaba lehlwempu).
- Kwiindawo ezingazange zandise iMedicaid, abanomntu ongenabantwana abaqhelekanga ngokungafanelekileyo kwi-Medicaid kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafumana ngaphantsi kangakanani imali yabo, kwaye ukufaneleka kwabazali bezingane ezincinci banamathele kubantu abanemali ephantsi kakhulu-ngaphantsi kwezinga lehlwempu .
Umzekelo wesi-2: Ulungele ukuthenga isicwangciso sempilo esinikwe inkxaso nge- inshurensi yempilo yomshuwalense (eqale ngo-2014)
Ingeniso yonyaka:
- ukuya kwii-48,240 zamawaka ngamnye
- ukuya ku-$ 98,400 kwiintsapho ezine
Amazwana:
- Izicwangciso zezempilo ezithatha inxaxheba ekutshintshiselwano kufuneka zinike iiphakheji zeemfuno zezempilo eziyimfuneko kwaye zibandakanya ubuncinane ubuncinane bee-60% zeendleko zonyango lwempilo ( izicwangciso ezinobungozi zingabhalela ipesenti eziphantsi zendleko, kodwa uncediso alukwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuthenga izicwangciso ezinobungozi).
- Ukuba uthengela i- inshorensi yakho yempilo ngokutshintshiselana kwaye ufanele ukufumana inkxaso-mali ye-premium, isabelo sakho se-premium (kwisicwangciso sesilivere esindleko esiphantsi kwesixa-mali) asiyi kudlula ipesenti ezithile zemali engenayo-ukusuka kwi-2.01 yeepesenti ukuya I-9.56 ekhulwini ngo-2018-kuxhomekeke kwindlela ofumana ngayo. Awunyanzelwanga ukuthenga isicwangciso sesilivere esincinci sexabiso eliphantsi. Unokukhetha ukuthenga isicwangciso esithe xaxa okanye esincinane, kwaye usebenzise isibonelelo kwisicwangciso eso endaweni yoko. Ukuba uthengisa isicwangciso esincinci, uya kuhlawula ipesenti ephantsi kwirejista yakho emva kwe-premiums-subsidy, kwaye xa uthengisa isicwangciso esibi kakhulu, uya kuhlawula ipesenti ephezulu kwimali engenayo emva kwe-premiums.
Umzekelo wesi-3: Kufuneka ukuba uthenge ukukhutshwa kwangasese kodwa ngaphandle koncediso lwemali
Ingeniso yonyaka:
- I $ 48,241 nangaphezulu ngaphezulu komntu
- $ 98,401 kunye nangaphezulu kwintsapho yezine
Amazwana:
- Awunelungelo lokufumana inkxaso-mali, okanye uncedo lwezemali kule nqanaba lomvuzo.
- Ukuba uhlala ngaphandle kwe- inshorensi yezempilo , unokuhlawula isohlwayo esilingana nama- 2.5 epesenti yemali yakho engenayo okanye i-$ 695 kumntu omdala ongaxhaswanga ngaphandle kokuba unelungelo lokuxolelwa. Esi sihlwayo siya kusekwa kwi-$ 0 kubantu abangaqinisekanga ngo-2019 okanye ngaphaya.
- Ukuba ingeniso yakho ingaphantsi kancinane kwimiqathango yokufaneleka, ungayinciphisa ngokunikela kwi-IRA yendabuko okanye i-HSA (ukuba unesicwangciso sezempilo se-HSA).
Utshintsho lwabantu baseMelika abaneNtsholongwane yezeMpilo
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-inshorensi yezempilo osuke wayenayo, unakho okanye ungenakufumana utshintsho ngenxa ye-ACA. .
Ukuba umthombo wakho wempilo yeyona ndlela isele isicwangciso somqeshi, zezi ezinye zezikhetho zakho:
Hlala kwisicwangciso sakho somqeshi: Ukuba umqeshi wakho uyaqhubeka enika i-inshurensi yezempilo, unokuyigcina.
Zithengise isicwangciso sezempilo ngokusebenzisa utshintsho lwempilo yomshuwalense kwimeko yakho: Ukuba ungumnini shishini elincinci , okanye umqeshi wakho unikezela ngezibonelelo ezincinci, okanye kufuneka uhlawule ngaphezu kwe-9.56% yengeniso yakho kwiimali-mali (ngo-2018), unokujonga malunga nezindlela ezingcono ekutshintshisweni.
Ukuba umthombo wakho we-inshorensi yempilo ngumgaqo ngamnye ozizithengileyo wena kunye / okanye lwakho nosapho ngaphambi ko-2014 ezi zikhetho zakho:
Gcina isicwangciso sakho samanje: Ukuba isicwangciso sakho sempilo siyaqhubeka sinikela ngokufanayo, unokuyivuselela. Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi entsha kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yemigangatho yezemfundo. Izicwangciso zempilo ezindala ezingayithobeli le migangatho azikwazi ukubhalisa abathengi abatsha. Izicwangciso ezinkulu (ngokusebenza ngo-Matshi 23, 2010) zihlala zikhona ngonaphakade, nje kuphela ukuba umgcini-mali uyaqhubeka evuselela- afunekayo . Izicwangciso zeGreatmothered (iintsuku ezifanelekileyo emva komhla wama-Matshi 23, 2010, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2013) zivunyelwe ukuba zihlale zisebenza ngokuphelela ngo-2018.
Zithengela i-inshurensi ngokutshintshwa kwe-inshorensi kwimeko yakho: Ukuba ingeniso yakho ayidluli kuma-40 ekhulwini kwinqanaba lehlwempu (i-$ 48,240 enye umntu ngo-2018), unakho ukufumana izikripthi zerhafu zokuncedisa ukuncedisa iindleko ze-premium yakho. Qaphela ukuba unokuthenga kuphela ukuthengwa kwezempilo enkulu (okanye ucime utshintshiselwano) ngexesha lokubhalisa lonyaka ovulekileyo , okanye ngethuba lokubhalisa okhethekileyo elibangelwa isiganeko esifanelekileyo .
Ukuba ukhona kwi-Medicare, ukhetho lwakho alukatshintshanga kakhulu, kodwa iindleko zakho ezinxulumene neziyobisi zinciphile ukuba ufuna imithi eyaneleyo ukuba ufike kwindawo yokungena , kwaye ukufikelela kwakho kwiinkonzo kunokuphucula:
Izibonelelo zakho ezisisiseko (okanye eziqinisekisiwe) kunye nokufaneleka akuguqukanga: I-ACA ayitshintshe imigaqo yokufaneleka ye-Medicare.
I-Medicare I-Benevantage : Izibonelelo zenkxaso zikaRhulumente ze- Medicare Benevantage ziye zancitshiswa, okokuqala zaphumela ekucingeni ukuba izicwangciso ziya kuba zizinzileyo kwaye zilahlekelwe ngababhalisi. Kodwa ukubhaliswa kwabasebenzi beMatriki kuye kwaqhubeka ukwanda kwiminyaka ukususela ekubeni i-ACA isayinwe kumthetho, kwaye izicwangciso zithandwa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, kunye neyesithathu kubo bonke abaxhamli be-Medicare ababhalise kwizicwangciso ze-Medicare Benevantage ngo-2017.
Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo: I- Medicare ngoku idibanisa ukutyelela ngokufanelekileyo, ngokubonga kwi-ACA zokuncedisa izibonelelo zokuncedisa ukukhusela.
Ukugqithiswa kweziyobisi zesigqirha: Isigulana sokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-Medicare Part D donut hole) siphuculwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye siya kupheliswa ngo-2020.
> Imithombo:
> I-Register Register. ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. Ukhuseleko lomonde kunye noMthetho woNonophelo ojongene noThathaka; Isaziso seNzuzo yeeNzuzo kunye neParameters yokuhlawula i-2018; Izilungiso kwiiNyanga zokuBhalisa eziKhethekileyo kunye neNkqubo yokuCwangciswa kwabasebenzisi. Disemba 22, 2016.
> I-HealthCare.gov Funda uMthetho woNonophelo ongenakunceda.
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso, iNkqubo yeNgeniso yeNgeniso 2017-36 .
> I-Kaiser Family Foundation, i-Medicaid Inzuzo Yokulungelelanisa Imali Abadala njengepesenti yeNqanaba leNtlupheko yeNtlupheko. NgoJanuwari 2017.
> Kaiser Family Foundation. Medicare Benevantage. Meyi 11, 2016.