Isikhokelo sakho kwiimeko eziPhambi kwexesha kunye neMithetho ekhusela
Abaninzi baseMerika baneengxaki ezinxulumene nempilo apho iinkampani ze-inshorensi zingachaza njengeemeko zangaphambili . Imeko esele ikhona ngaphambili yinkinga yempilo ekhoyo phambi kokuba ufake isicelo somgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yempilo okanye ubhalise kwisicwangciso esitsha sezempilo.
Ekupheleni kosuku, iinkampani zomshuwalense yabucala kunye nezicwangciso zempilo ngamashishini axhomekeke kumgca wabo wezemali.
Ngenxa yoko, banomdla wokubakhupha abantu abanemibandela ekhoyo ngaphambili, ukunyanzelisa ixesha lokulinda ngaphambi kokuba i-coverage iqalise okanye ihlawule iiprayimari eziphezulu kunye neendleko ezingaphandle kwezinto zokubambisa abantu abaneemeko zangaphambili, ekubeni abo bantu indleko ye-inshurensi ngaphezulu kwiindleko zamabango. Kodwa loo migaqo ayinakuthandwayo, kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuba abantu bafumane ukubonelela ngempilo, oko kutheni imimiselo eyahlukeneyo karhulumente kunye nemimiselo ilawulwe le ngxaki kwiimarike ezininzi ze-inshorensi.
Imeko esele ikhona ngaphambili ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo njengengcinezelo ephezulu yegazi okanye ukunyamezela, okanye njengomdlavuza, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela , okanye iingxaki zezempilo ezichaphazela inxalenye enkulu yabemi.
Ngaphambi kuka-2014, kwiinkalo ezininzi , isicwangciso sezempilo semakethe (uhlobo oluzithenga ngalo, ngokuchasene nokufumana kumqeshi) lunokukhanyela ukubhengezwa kwento enxulumene nemeko yakho ekhoyo ngaphambili, ukuhlawulisa iiprayimari eziphezulu ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho , okanye udibanise isicelo sakho ngokupheleleyo.
Kwaye ukuba ubhalise kwisicwangciso somqeshi, ujongene nezihlandlo zokulinda kwiimeko zokuqala ezikhoyo ukuba ungagcinanga ukugcinwa kokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise kwisicwangciso esitsha.
UMthetho woNonophelo olungabonakaliyo kunye neemeko eziPhambi kwexesha
Esinye sezibonakaliso zoKhuseleko lweMonde kunye noMthetho ononophelo loNonophelo ongenakunqunyulwa ngumthetho ngo-Matshi 2010, bekukupheliswa kweemfuneko zeemfuno zangaphambili ezibekwe zizicwangciso zempilo.
Ukusebenza ngoSeptemba 2010, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-19 abaneemeko zangaphambili abakwazi ukuphikiswa ukufikelela kwisicwangciso sezempilo sabazali babo , kwaye iinkampani zomshuwalense azivumelekanga ukuba zingabandakanyi izimo ezenzeka ngaphambili ezivela kwimpilo yomntwana.
Kwaye kwaqala ngoJanuwari 2014, zonke izicwangciso zempilo ezintsha (kunye kunye nokutshintshiselana ) zifuneka ukuba zikhutshwe, oku kuthetha ukuba imeko ekhoyo ngaphambili ayinakuqwalaselwa xa umfaki sicelo ebhalisa. Iimali-ntlawulo zinokuhluka kuphela ngokususelwa kwiminyaka yobudala, i-zip code, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye nosayizi weentsapho. Ngoko umntu ophakathi kwonyango lomhlaza uya kuhlawula i-premium njengomlingane onobudala onobugqibeleleyo, kwaye unyango lomhlaza luya kugutywa ngesicwangciso esitsha sezempilo.
Kamva kweli nqaku, siza kujonga utshintsho olunokwenzeka phantsi kolawulo lweTrump. Kodwa okokuqala, makhe sijonge indlela iimeko ezaphambili eziye zaphathwa ngayo ngaphambi kokuba uhlaziyo lwe-ACA luqalise ukusebenza:
I-Pre-ACA Pre-Existing Condition Exclusion
I-AC-AC yangaphambili, imeko ekhoyo ngaphambili iyakuchukumisa inzuzo yakho yomshuwalense wezempilo . Ukuba ubufaka isicelo se-inshurensi kwimarike nganye, ezinye iinkampani zomshuwalense zempilo ziyakwamkela ngokwemimiselo ngokubonelela ixesha lokukhutshwa kwexesha, okanye ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili.
Nangona isicwangciso sezempilo sasamkele wena kwaye uhlawula iipriyamu zakho zenyanga, ubungenako ukufumana ingqalelo nayiphi na inkathalo okanye iinkonzo ezinxulumene nemeko yakho ekhoyo ngaphambili. Ngokuxhomekeke kumgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo ye-inshorensi yomhlaba, eli xesha lokuxhomekeka liyakwazi ukususela kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwi-exclusion.
Izicwangciso zorhwebo
Ngokomzekelo, uLori wayengumbhali oneminyaka engama-48 ubudala, ofumana i-health coverage kwi-ACA yangaphambili. Unomfutho wegazi ophezulu olawulwa kakuhle kumachiza amabini. Wagqiba ekubeni athenge i-inshorensi yakhe yempilo ebandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi.
Isicwangciso sempilo esithengekayo kuphela esiyifumanayo saba nexesha lokukhutshwa kweenyanga ezili-12 kwixinzelelo eliphezulu legazi. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 zokuqala zomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe, zonke izimangalo zakhe (kuquka ukutyelela ugqirha kunye neyeza) ezinxulumene nengcinezelo yakhe ephezulu yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwaloo nyaka wokuqala wokunikwa kwengxelo, naye wayenomkhuhlane kunye nokutheleleka kwendlela yokucoca ngamanzi, zombini ezo zihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba zingekho iimeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili.
Nangona iimeko zokubanjelwa kwexeshana zangaphambili zenzeke, kwakusasaqhelekile ukuba kubone imeko engapheliyo ekhoyo ngaphandle kwemarike yempilo yomshuwalense. Ngaphantsi kwalawo mabango, imeko esele ikhona ayayi kuze ihlanganiswe isicwangciso. Umntu owaphule ingalo engozini yekhephu ebusheni bakhe kwaye wagqiba intonga ye-titanium engalo yakhe inokuba yanikezelwa isicwangciso kumakethi athile kamva, kodwa ngokungaxhomeki ngokusisigxina kunoma yini ehambelana "nokulungiswa kwangaphakathi" (oko kukuthi, intonga kunye nayiphi na i-hardware eyongeziweyo) engalo yakhe.
Ngethuba le-ACA lenziwe, imeko esele ikhona ingabonakali kakhulu, kwaye ukunyuka kwezinga lokubhaliswa kwamanani kwathatha indawo yabo rhoqo. Ngoko kumzekelo kaLori, ngasentla, inkampani ye-inshorensi yezempilo ingavuma ukufihla uLori ngokugcwele (kubandakanywa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu), kodwa nge-premium eyayingama-25 ekhulwini okanye ama-50 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwezinga eliqhelekileyo lomntu osemdala.
Ngoku ukuba i-ACA iphunyeziwe, izimo ezanduleleko azikho nto ebalulekileyo kwimilinganiselo okanye ukufaneleka, kwaye izicelo ze-inshorensi ayisayi kubuza malunga nembali yezonyango xa abantu babhalisa.
Izicwangciso ezixhaswe ngumqeshi
Ukuba unokufumana i-inshurensi emsebenzini wakho , kuxhomekeka kumqeshi wakho kunye nezicwangciso zempilo ezinikezelwayo, usenokuba nexesha lokukhutshwa kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokukhutshwa liye laphela kwiinyanga ezili-12 (iinyanga ezili-18 ukuba ubhalise emva kwexesha lezempilo) kwaye usetyenziswe kuphela kwiimeko zempilo oye wafuna unyango ezintandathu kwiinyanga ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise kwisicwangciso sezempilo (ezi khuselo ezikhutshwe phantsi komqeshi Izicwangciso zempilo ezixhaswayo zibangelwa yi-HIPAA, echazwe ngezantsi).
Umzekelo, uMike oneminyaka engama-34 ubudala ufumana umsebenzi omtsha emva kokungaqeshwa kwaye engaqinisekanga malunga nonyaka. Inkampani yakhe entsha yavumela abasebenzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwisicwangciso salo sempilo ekupheleni kwexesha lokuqala lokuhlawula. UMike wayene-asthma egciniweyo kwaye wagxina ukulimala kwamadolo edlala ibhola yebhola xa wayeseminyakeni eyi-20. Kodwa ezintandathu ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba abhalise kwisicwangciso sezempilo somqeshi, wayengenazo ugqirha othe tyelela kwaye akazange athathe naluphi na unyango. Wayekho phantsi, ngoko ke, kwiphina ixesha lokukhutshwa kwiimeko zakhe zangaphambili. Kungekudala emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza, i-asthma yayidlulile, kodwa yayigubungele ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokunyamekela kwakhe kwimeko yesifo se-astmma kuba yayingacingwa ukuba yimeko esele ikhona ngaphambili kuba yayingayifumana unyango kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokubhalisa kwisicwangciso somqeshi wakhe.
Ngoku ukuba i-ACA isetyenzisiwe, akusayi kuba nzima nokuba uMike wayenabasebenzi ngaphambi kokujoyina icebo lomqeshi wakhe omtsha, nokuba ngaba ufuna unyango naziphi na izifo zonyango kwiinyanga ngaphambi kokujoyina isicwangciso-iimeko zakhe zangaphambili zikhoyo indlela.
I-HIPAA kunye neMboleko
Ngo-1996, iCongress yadlulisela uMthetho we- Inshurensi yokuPhathwa kwe-Intshuwalense kunye noXanduva (i-HIPAA), umyalelo onika ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kuwe nakumalungu entsapho, ngakumbi xa ubhalisa kwisicwangciso esinikezwa ngumqeshi. Ezi khuselo ziquka:
- Imida ekusebenziseni imeko esele ikhona engekho ngaphandle kwezicwangciso zempilo ezixhaswe ngumqeshi.
- Ukuthintela izicwangciso zempilo ezixhaswe ngumqeshi ekuchaseni ngawe ngokukukhanyela ukukhutshwa okanye ukuhlawulisa ngakumbi ukufumana ingqalelo malunga neengxaki zempilo okanye ilungu lentsapho.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo uqinisekisa ukuba xa uthenga i-inshurensi yempilo, unokuhlaziya umvuzo wakho kungakhathaliseki nayiphi na imeko yezempilo kwintsapho yakho.
Nangona i-HIPAA ayisebenzisi kuzo zonke iimeko, umthetho wenza kube lula kubantu ukuba batshintshe kwisicwangciso sempilo esisinikwe ngumqeshi omnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba sele bekhona.
Kwaye nangona i-HIPAA yokukhusela ayithenganga kumashishini athengisiweyo, amanye amazwe ayamkele imimiselo eyavumela abantu abafanelekile be-HIPAA ukuba bathenge ukukhutshwa okuqinisekileyo kwimbutho kwimarike nganye (i-HIPAA-ifanelekileyo ithetha ukuba loo mntu ube neenyanga ezili-18 zengxelo yokuthenga ngetyala ngaphandle isithuba seentsuku ezingaphezu kwama-63, kwaye ukugqithiswa kweentengo ezithandwayo ngokutsha kwakuphantsi kwecebo elixhaswe ngumqeshi, icebo likarhulumente, okanye isicwangciso secawa; kwakhona, umntu kufuneka aphephe i-COBRA ukuba ikhona, kwaye ayikwazi ukufaneleka kwi-Medicare okanye kwiMedicaid).
Kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi, phambi ko-2014, ukuba abantu abafanelekile be-HIPAA bafune ukuthenga i-inshorensi yabo yempilo kwaye babekho imeko ekhoyo ngaphambili, ukhetho lwabo olulodwa oluqinisekisiwe lwalo lukhuni oluphezulu lwengozi .
Nangona ulawulo lweTrump kunye neRiphablikhi kwiCongress lizama ukuphinda lithathe i-ACA ngo-2017, kwaye iqhubeke nokuqhuba ikhosi xa igcina iiRiphablikhi ezinkulu kwiCongress emva kokhetho lwango-2018, ukuchithwa kwe-ACA akuyi kuba nefuthe kwi-HIPAA, eyadlulela i-ACA malunga nama- .
Umvuzo onetyala
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-HIPAA iyaziwa njenge- creditable coverage . Ukuxhaswa ngeentengo zemali yintengiso ye-inshorensi owaye nayo ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise kwisicwangciso sakho sempilo esitsha, ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba ingaphazanyiswa yithuba leentsuku ezingama-63 okanye ngaphezulu. Isixa sexesha "obolekileyo" inkonzo ye-inshorensi yezempilo ingasetyenziselwa ukucima ixesha lokungabikho kwexesha elikhoyo kwisicwangciso sakho sempilo esitsha esixhaswe ngumqeshi, phambi kokuba i-ACA iphelise ixesha lokukhutshwa kwezimo zangaphambili.
Umgca ophezulu: Ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane beenyanga ezili- 18 zempilo kwimisebenzi yakho yangaphambili kwaye ubhalise kwisicwangciso sakho sempilo esitsha esilixhaswe ngumqeshi ngaphandle kwekhefu leentsuku ezingama-63 okanye ngaphezulu, isicwangciso sakho sempilo esitsha asikwazanga ukuthobela imeko ekhoyo. Olu khuselo lwabathengi lusele lukhona ngaphambi kokuba i-ACA, kunye nemigudu yokuphinda ibe yenze i-ACA ayinakuchaphazela eli lungiselelo, njengengxenye ye-HIPAA kunokuba i-ACA.
Ngokomzekelo, uGreg wanquma ukutshintsha amathuba emisebenzi yokukhuthaza amathuba angcono. Wasebenza kunye nomqashi kwaye wafumana umsebenzi omtsha, owaqala iiiveki ezimbini emva kokushiya isikhundla sakhe sangaphambili. Umsebenzi wakhe omtsha unikezwa yinshuwalense yempilo efanayo, ekhoyo emva kwenyanga yokuqala yomsebenzi, kwaye wabhalisa kwisicwangciso seentsapho. Nangona uGreg wayephilile, umfazi wakhe wayenesifo seswekile sesi-2 kunye nomnye wabantwana bakhe abane-asthma.
UGreg wayekade esebenzele inkampani yakhe yangaphambili iminyaka emi-2, ngelixesha apho intsapho yakhe yayihlanganiswe phantsi kwesi sicwangciso soqashi. Wayengenaso isithuba kwiiveki ezimbini ebekuphakathi kwemisebenzi, nangenyanga yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe omtsha, kodwa ubude bakhe obungagqithwanga bungaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-63. Ngoko naphezu kweemeko zempilo zangaphambili ezikhoyo kwintsapho yakhe, icebo lezempilo likaGreg alikwazanga ukunyanzelisa ixesha elide lokukhutshwa kwexesha.
Ngoku ukuba i-ACA iphunyeziwe, umqeshi kaGreg akakwazi ukubeka ixesha elilindelekileyo lokulinda kweso nawuphi na ababhalisile abatsha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imbali yabo yonyango okanye imbali yomshuwalense wezempilo.
Imiqathango ekhoyo ngaphambili kunye noLawulo lweTrump
UMongameli uTrump wagxininisa kwisithembiso sokuba asuse kwaye atshintshe i-ACA. Wathatha i-ofisi kunye neninzi yaseRiphablikhi kwiNdlu kunye ne-Senate, kunye nabameli beRiphablikhi babethintele ukucinywa kwe-ACA kulo lonke ulawulo luka-Obama.
Kodwa xa inyaniso yokuchithwa yayingenakufikeleleka, iinkokheli zeRubbublican kwiCongress azikwazanga ukugcina inkxaso efanelekileyo ukuba idlulise nayiphina i-ACA yokubhangisa iibill eziye zacatshangwa ngo-2017. Indlu yadlulisela uMthetho weMpilo weMpilo yaseMerika ukuphelisa ii-ACA, kodwa Iinguqu eziliqela zebhilikhi zahluleka ukudlulela kwi-Senate ngoko umlinganiselo awuzange wenziwe.
I-ACA ayizange isuswe
Ekuqaleni konyaka we-2018, ukubonelelwa kuphela kwe-ACA echithwe yinto yokugwetywa komntu ngamnye, kwaye ukutshitshiswa akuyi kusebenza ukususela ngo-2019. Abantu abangaqinisekisiwe ngo-2018 basengaphansi kwesigwebo, kodwa abo abangenakuqinisekiswa ngo-2019 nangaphezulu bangayi kubakho isigwebo, ngaphandle kokuba i-state yabo isebenzise enye (iMassachusetts ibenayo igunya elithile ngaphambi kokuba i-ACA; DC isondele ekuphunyezweni enye, kwaye ezinye iindibano zingasilandela ukulandela).
Ezinye zeerhafu ze-ACA (irhafu yecandelo lezonyango, irhafu yeCadillac, kunye nerhafu ye-inshurensi yezempilo) yabambezeleka ngasekuqaleni kuka-2018 phantsi kwesigqibo sesabelo-mali esiqhubekayo, kodwa asizange sichithwe.
Kwaye zonke izikhuselo zabathengi be-ACA, kubandakanywa nemimiselo enxulumene neemeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili, zihambelanisiwe ngo-2018. Enyanisweni, kwakunokumemeza ngokumalunga neemeko eziye zahlala zikhokele ukutshabalalisa imigudu ye-ACA yokuphelisa ngo-2017, kunye nezigidi zabantu ukudibanisa nabameli kunye nokuvakalisa iingxalaba ezenza buthathaka okanye ukuphelisa i-ACA ziza kusibuyisela kwiintsuku zokuqala ezikhoyo ngaphandle kwemibandela kunye nemibandela yembali yonyango kwi-inshorensi yezempilo.
Izicwangciso ezingabandakanyi imibandela ekhoyo ngaphambili ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu ngo-2018 nangaphezulu
Ngeli xesha, i-ACA ihambelanisiweyo kwaye iinzame ezinkulu zomthetho zokuphinda nokutshintshwa kwazo ziye zafakwa. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuhlale kunjalo kuze kube emva kwemizuzu engama-2018, kwaye ikusasa lomthetho onjalo kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye enkulu kwi-Political makeup yeCongress emva kwemizuzu.
Kodwa Ulawulo lweTrump lusebenza ukuphumeza imimiselo emitsha eya kwenza ukuba i-ACA-inkcazo yempilo ehambelanayo ifikeleleke. Oku kubandakanya izicwangciso zezempilo ezinxulumene namashishini amancinci kunye nabanikazi bodwa, kunye nezicwangciso zempilo zexesha elifutshane kubantu ngabanye.
Ngofikeleleko lokufikelela kwiinkqubo zempilo zentlangano, ecetywayo yi-Trump Administration ngasekuqaleni kuka-2018 , amaqela amancinci kunye nabantu abaqeshwe ngabanye bafumana ukufumana ingxelo phantsi kweqela elikhulu lemithetho, ekhululekile kakhulu kunokuba iqela elincinci kunye nemithetho yemakethi nganye ngokuhambelana ACA. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili, izicwangciso zeqela elikhulu azibandakanyi ukuxhaswa kwazo zonke iinjongo zezempilo ze-ACA ezibalulekileyo , kunye nabaqashi beqela elikhulu banokusekela iiprayimari kwimbali yezokwelapha, engavumelekanga kwiimarike zeqela okanye ezincinci .
Yaye ukuba imimiselo ecetywayo yeeplani zempilo zexesha elifutshane igqityiwe, abaqhankqalazi bangaqalisa ukulungiselela "izicwangciso zexesha elifutshane" (ukuthengiswa ngoJulayi 2018) kunye nexesha lokufikelela kwixesha elingama-364 iintsuku. Le nkcazo yeentsuku ezingama-364 sele isetyenzisiwe kwinqanaba le-federal ngaphambi ko-2017, kodwa ulawulo luka-Obama lushintshile le nkcazelo ukuze izicwangciso zangexesha elifutshane zingenakho ukuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu (umlawuli we-Obama Admin wapheliswa ngo-2016, kodwa akazange asebenze ukususela ngo-2017).
Oku kubalulekile kuba izicwangciso zexesha elifutshane ziye zahlala zingekho kwimigaqo ye-ACA. Bayakwazi ukwenza ukufaneleka kwesiseko kwimbali yonyango, kwaye bavame ukuba ne-blanket engabikho kuyo nayiphi na into enxulumene nemeko ekhoyo ngaphambili. Ukuvumela abantu ukuba bagcine ezi cwangciso phantse kunyaka opheleleyo kuya kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kuba neengxelo phantsi kwezicwangciso ezingafihla iimeko ezikhoyo ngaphambili. Ezi zicwangciso ziya kubhena kuphela abantu abanempilo, beshiya abantu abagulayo kwiziko le-inshurensi elihambelana ne-ACA. Oko ke, kuya kuqhuba i-premium kwimakethe eyanelisayo ye-ACA. Kodwa izicwangciso ze-ACA ezihambelanayo ziya kuqhubeka zifihla imeko ekhoyo ngaphambili.
Ngaphambi kokuba ulawulo lwe-Obama lucwangcise izicwangciso zexesha elifutshane kwiinyanga ezintathu, ezinye iindawo azizange zivumeleke kuzo zonke, kwaye ezinye iindawo zizinqamle ezintandathu kwiinyanga. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba khona, abantu abathenga i-inshorensi yangexesha elifutshane abajongwa njenge-insured emehlweni e-ACA. I-inshorensi yempilo emfutshane yangexesha elifutshane ayiyona minyelelo ebalulekileyo , ngoko ke abantu abasebenzisa izicwangciso zexesha elifutshane baxhomekeke kwisigwebo somntu ngamnye we-ACA. Kodwa eso sihlwayo asisayi kusebenza ngo-2019, njengoko siye sachithwa ngokukhawuleza njengenxalenye ye-BOP yentlawulo yerhafu. Nangona abanye abantu bebeye bahamba kwiiplani zangexesha elifutshane ngaphambi ko-2017 kuba befuna ukuphepha isigwebo somntu ngamnye we-ACA, loo nto inokuthi ayisayi kusebenza ngo-2019.
Ukuze kucace, abantu baya kukwazi ukufikelela kumntu ngamnye wokuthengwa kwemakethi equka ukukhuselwa kwe-ACA kwangaphambili. Kodwa ngoku loo mthetho uzama ukuphelisa i-ACA ifakwe kwi-burner yangemuva, ulawulo lweTrump lusebenza ukuphucula imithetho ngezenzo zokulawula.
Imithombo:
> Isebe Lempilo Neenkonzo Zoluntu, i-HIPAA. kunye ne-HealthCare.gov, i-HIPAA-Elifanelekayo ngamnye.
> Isebe Lemisebenzi. Inkcazo ye "Umqeshi" phantsi kweCandelo 3 (5) ye-ERISA-Plans Health Plans . NgoJanuwari 2018.
> Amasebe weSebe lezeMali, uMsebenzi, kunye neMpilo kunye neenkonzo zeNtlalo. I-inshurensi yexesha elifutshane, eliNcinci . Ngomhla kaFebhuwari 2018.
> I-HealthCare.gov, Funda uMthetho wokuNakekelwa ongenakuncedo.
> I-Kaiser Family Foundation, iMpilo ye-Intshumo yeMarhente yeMpilo: I-Issue Guaranteed . Juni 2012.
> I-Kaiser Family Foundation, I-Non-Group Coverage ye-HIPAA-Abafanelekile, ngoJuni 2012.