Ziziphi iimeko ezingqongileyo ezibangelwa ngumhlaza we-Lung Cancer?
Ubuninzi bendalo - kungekhona nje umsi wesigaretha - unokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kwaye, njengokutshaya, ezininzi zezi zinto ziyakuphepha xa sizazi. Unokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokuzenza izinto ezinjengoko uvavanyo lwakho kwikhaya le-radon, kwaye usebenzisa i-mask efanelekileyo xa usebenza kunye neekhemikhali ezithile. Ezinye zezona zinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa yimeko yemvelo yomhlaza wamaphaphu ziquka:
Radon
Ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon ekhaya kukubangela isibini yomqhubi womhlaza kunye neyona nto ibangela abantu abangabhemi . Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangama-21,000 bahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwi-radon unyaka ngamnye-umhlaza oneminyaka emi-5 engama-15 kuphela. Ukubeka oku ngolu hlobo, abafazi abangama-39,000 bafa ngesifo somhlaza ngamnye ngonyaka.
I-Radon yerhasi e-radioactive eyenziwa yi-uranium emvelweni. Inokungena emakhaya ngokutyunjelwa kwisiseko, malunga neepompu, kunye neengcambu kunye nezikhala ezijikeleze iipayipi kunye neencingo. Efunyenwe emakhaya kuwo onke ama-50 athi, indlela kuphela yokukwazi ukuba ukhuselekile ukuvavanya ikhaya lakho nge-radon. Izikiti zokuvavanya ezizenzekelayo zifumaneka kwiivenkile ezininzi zeekhompyutha.
Asbestos
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-asbestos ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengobunzima bokusebenza, kodwa ukusebenza kunye nokukhishwa kwe- asbestos kumakhaya akhulileyo (abo bakha ngaphambi kowe-1970) kunokubangela ukuba kuvezwe.
I-Asbestos inoxanduva malunga nama-84 ekhulwini lamathambo e- mesothelioma , umhlaza obandakanya umgca wemiphunga, kwaye unoxanduva lwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga. Ekhohlo yedwa, i-asbestos ibeka ingozi encinci, kodwa ukuvezwa kungabangela ukuba kuphazamiseka. Ukuba ukhetha ukulungisa kwakhona ikhaya elinokuba ne-asbestos yokutyunjwa, qesha inkontileka eqinisekisiweyo.
Ukumoshwa komoya
Ukungcola komoya kuye kwajongwa njengomngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kuba kukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesiganeko somhlaza wemiphunga kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni, umhlaza womphunga uqhubekile kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Akuqinisekanga ukuba luphi uhlobo lokungcoliseka komoya olwenza umdlavuza wamaphaphu e-United States, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwisifundo esikhulu kunamhla, ngaphezu kweepesenti ezili-10 zamanomdla emiphunga eYurophu kunokubakho okwesibini ukungcola komoya.
Amachiza aseMveliso
Njengoko i-asbestos, ukugqithiswa kakhulu kweekhemikhali ezibangelwa ngumhlaza zenzeka kwindawo yokusebenzela. Iimveliso ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ekhaya, njengabahluli beemithi, ziqulethe iikhemikhali ezinxulumene nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wemiphunga. Kubalulekile ukufunda iilebhile kuyo nayiphi na le mveliso kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulondoloza njengendlela echazwe kwiphakheji.
Ukuboniswa kwamayeza
Ukubonakaliswa kwimizila yonyango kwi-esifubeni sezinye i-khansa, umzekelo, i- Hodgkin's lymphoma okanye umdlavuza webele , kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu nangona uncedo lwonyango luhlala lukhulu kunalo mngcipheko. EJapan, ukuchasana nokutshabalaliswa kwebhobho ye-athomu kwahlanganiswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umsizi wesibini
Umsi wesibindi uyandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu kwindawo engabonakaliyo engabonakaliyo kwimizuzu emibili ukuya kweyesithathu.
Okwangoku zivalelwa ukuba zijongene neepesenti eziyi-1.6 zamanomdla emiphunga eMelika (malunga nama-7 000 matyala ngonyaka.)
Umsi womthi
Ukuboniswa komsi womsi kunokwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu. Ukuguqula kwiindawo zokutshisa iinkuni kunye nezitshixo zomlilo kwezinye iindlela, ezifana nezithuthi zomlilo, yindlela enye yokunciphisa umngcipheko.
> Imithombo:
> ACS. Ukuboniswa kwamayeza kunye neCarcer.
> I-Boffetta, P. Umhlaza wesintu ekungcoliseni imvelo: ubungqina be-epidemiological. 2006. Uphando loMthamo . 608 (2): 157-62.
> CDC. Uhlu lwe-NIOSH yeCarcinogen.
> Delgado, J. et al. Umdlavuza womlenze we-pathogenesis ehambelana nokukhutshwa komsi. 2005. Isifuba . 128 (1): 6-8.
> I-Arhente yoKhuselo yendalo Asbestos. Updated 07/14/16.
> I-Arhente yoKhuselo yendalo Radon. Ukuhlaziywa 05/17/16.
> Nafstad, P. et al. Ingqungqungqingi yomhlaza kunye nokungcola komoya: unyaka wama-27 ulandelelwano lwabantu abangama-16209 baseNorway. 2003. I-Thorax . 58 (12): 1010-2.