I-Cancer Cancer kwi-Non-Smokers

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Ukuphononongwa nguGrant Hughes, MD

Ulwahlukana kwiCancer Cancer phakathi kwabangewona abokubhema nabokubhema

Umdlavuza womlenze kwi-non-smokers uqhelekile kunokuba abantu abaninzi bayaziqonda. Enyanisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo ngoku uthathwa njengowesi-6 esona sizathu esona siqhelekileyo sokubulawa komhlaza eMelika.

Nangona sitshisa i-smokers kunye nabangabhema kunye xa bexoxa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewokutshaya isifo esihlukileyo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ziziphi ezinye zale mihluko?

Izibalo

Ngokubanzi, iipesenti ezili-10 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga ayenzeka kubantu abangabhemi. (Amanye ama-50 ekhulwini avela kubashushu bokuqala.)

Ababini kwizithathu zabangabhemi abafumana umhlaza wamaphaphu ngabasetyhini, kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 zomdlavuza weemiphunga kubasetyhini zenzeka kubantu abangazange bavume. Eli phesenti liphezulu kakhulu kuma-Asiya asemazini.

Izizathu

Ezinye zeengxaki ezingahambelani nocuba zomdlavuza ziquka:

I-Radon - Ukubonakaliswa kwerhasi ye radon kumakhaya ethu yimbangela ebangela umdlavuza wemiphunga kubantu abangabhemi.
Umsi wesibini - Umshumo wesibini ujongene no-3,000 umhlaza womkhuhlane ukufa rhoqo ngonyaka
Ukunyuka kwe-Asbestos - Ukubonakalisa i-asbestos emsebenzini kuyimbangela ebalulekileyo ye- mesothelioma , umhlaza womphunga.
Amafutha aerosolized obangelwa ukupheka - Amafume avela kupheka i-wok acingwa njengengxaki ebalulekileyo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumazwe aseAsia.
Olunye utyalo lwendalo

Olunye uhlaselo lomsebenzi
I-Genetic predisposition - Abantu abaneembali zentsapho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu banakho ukuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokwabo.
I-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) - i-HPV ifumaneke kumaseli omhlaza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuba oku kubonisa ukuba yimbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ayisaziwa.

Iintlobo

Nangona i-half-lung ye-lung cancer e- smokers ikwahluzwa njenge- squamous cell cell cancer (uhlobo lomhlaza wesifo se-cell ), uninzi lwamanomdla emiphunga abangabhemi yi- adenocarcinomas (olunye uhlobo lomhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana).

I-Squamous cell cell lung cancer zivame ukukhula kufuphi ne-airways kwaye zibangele iimpawu kuqala, ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye ukukhwehlela igazi (hemoptysis).

I-Adenocarcinomas ikhula ngokubanzi kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga kwaye ingaba khona ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zivele. Iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula, ukukhathala, okanye iimpawu ngenxa yokusasazeka komhlaza kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (njengentlungu yesifo) inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo.

I-Bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC) igama eliye lafakwa endaweni kwaye lijongwa njengengcandelwana ye-lung adenocarcinoma. Ngenye indlela yomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo kubantu abangabhemi, ngakumbi abatsha abangabhemi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, iziganeko ze-BAC zibonakala zanda emhlabeni jikelele.

Emininzi Ngezibonakaliso Zengqungquthela Yengculaza Kwi-Non-Smokers

Biology

Umdlavuza womlenze kwi-non-smokers uhlukile komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubashushu kwi-genetic, cell and molecular level. Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho kwiiseli ezenza iiseli zomdlavuza zamaphaphu zihluke kuzo zonke iinqanaba, ukusuka kwisakhiwo somfuzo esichazela iiseli xa zizahlula kwaye zikhule, ngendlela iiseli ezisebenza ngayo kunye nokuthetha nabanye iiseli. Okwangoku, umhlaza wamaphaphu kubashushu nabangabhemi baphathwa ngokufanayo. Njengoko sifunda ngakumbi malunga nokwahlukana phakathi komhlaza kubashushu nabangabhemi, oku kungatshintsha.

Ezinye iingcamango zibonisa ukuba abantu abangazange bavume baphendule bhetele kwi-chemotherapy. Ezinye izigulo zentsholongwane kumaseli omhlaza zixhaphake kakhulu kulabo abangazange bavume , kwaye ngoko ke bajolise kwiimpawu zonyango ezijoliswe kule nguqulelo zingasebenza kangcono kubantu ababhemayo.

Wonke umntu onokufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongeyena omncinci - kwaye ingakumbi abangabhemi - kufuneka babe novavanyo lwemizimba Ukongezelela kokuvavanya izicubu ezifunyenwe nge-biopsy yamathisipi emiphunga, ukuhlolwa kwegazi olutsha ( i-biopsy yamanzi ) yavunywa ngoJuni ka-2016 ukufumana utshintsho lwe-EGFR . Ezi zinguqu zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangakhange bavume.

Unyango lwe-Cancer

Prognosis

Umdlavuza womlenze kwi-non-smokers uvame ukuxilongwa kwixesha elide, okokuqala kubangelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ukunyamezela. Sekunjalo, uphando oluthile (kodwa alukho konke) lubonisa ukuba ukusinda jikelele kubhetele kubantu abangabhemi. Lo mmahluko ubonakala kakhulu kulabo bafunyaniswa kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo. Abasetyhini abangabhemi banesichumiso esingcono kunabesilisa abangabhemi nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Thintelo

Ukuhlolisisa ikhaya lakho nge-radon kunye nokuphepha umsi wesithandwa yizona zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho womhlaza wesifo somhlaza njengomntu ongabhemi. Iindlela ezithile zokutya , kunye nokulinganisela kokulinganisela, kubonakala kubekho mngcipheko.

Ukukhusela umdlavuza we-Lung for Non-Smokers

Izikhokelo zexesha elizayo kuPhando

Uphando okwangoku luqhubeka ukufumana iindlela zokufumanisa umhlaza wamaphaphu kwabangewokutshaya kwinqanaba eliphambili. Kwixesha elizayo, oogqirha banokwazi ukuvavanya amanqaku amathambo, izinto egazini ezinxulumene nomhlaza, ukufumana ezi ngxaki zomshushu ezingabonwa ngabokuqalayo, ezincinci izigaba.

Inkxaso

Ngenxa yesifo sengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abangabhemi nomhlaza wemiphunga basoloko bevakalisa ukuba bancedwa ngaphantsi kunabantu abaneminye yomhlaza. Iingcamango ezingenakuqonda, ezinjengokuthi, "Andizange ndikwazi ukuba ungumntu otshaya i-closet," kunokukulimaza kakhulu kwaye kuyingozi nakakhulu, xa abantu behlazeka ukuxelela abanye umzabalazo wabo ngenxa yehlazo. Bobabini ababhema kunye nabangabhemi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu badinga ukunakekelwa kwethu ngokungenamthetho kunye nenkxaso.

_Imithombo:

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