I-Cancer ye-Lung ihluke njani kwabasetyhini?
Umdlavuza womlenze kubasetyhini uhlukile kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda ngeendlela ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, nangonahluko ocacileyo kwindlela esibukeka ngayo, sivame ukuhlutha amadoda kunye nabafazi xa sithetha ngomhlaza wemiphunga. Oku kubi, kuba izibangela, iimpendulo zonyango ezahlukeneyo, izinga lokusinda, kwaye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyahlukahluka. Ziziphi ezinye iinkcukacha ngomhlaza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini?
Izibalo
Umdlavuza womlenze yiyona nto ibangela umdla wokufa komhlaza kubasetyhini , ukubulala abanye abafazi ngonyaka ngamnye kunomdlavuza webele , umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza womhlaza we-ovarian . Nangona ukutshaya kuba yimbangela enye, ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange baphephe i-cigarette. Ukongeza, umdlavuza wamaphaphu unokwenzeka ukuba uvele kubashushu bakubadala, abo bawunqamle umkhwa, kunokuba abasetyhini abanjengokutshaya.
Emva kokuba uthathwa njengesifo "somntu," umhlaza womphunga awusalucaluli. Ngo-2017 kuqikelelwa ukuba amadoda angama-116,990 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-105,510 baya kufumaniswa nesifo.
Nangona i-diagnostic yomdlavuza yamaphaphu iyancipha kubayeni, bahlala bezinzile kubafazi. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kweqela elinye. Umdlavuza womlenze unyuka kubasetyhini, abangazange batshayele.
Umdlavuza womlenze kubasetyhini uvela kumncinci kumancinci kunabesifazana, kwaye phantse ihafu yesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala abasetyhini bavela kubasetyhini.
Izizathu
Nangona ukutshaya yimbangela enye yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini, ipesenteji ephakamileyo yabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu basaphila ubomi obungabhemi . Ezinye zezizathu zingabandakanya ukuvezwa kweerdon emakhaya ethu, umsi wesibini , nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzibandakanya komsebenzi , okanye i- genetic predisposition .
Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba unyango kunye ne-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) linokudlala indima.
Isimo sokutshaya
Ezinye, kodwa kungekhona zonke, uphando lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini banokuthi banokuphelelwa yingozi kwi-cigarettes, kwaye abafazi bavame ukuhlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kweminyaka embalwa yokutshaya.
Iintlobo kwi-Women vs. Men
Nangona abantu banakho ukuhlakulela umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamangqamuzana , olunye uhlobo lwesifo somhlaza wesifo samangqamuzana esingekho esincinci, i- adenocarcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomhlaza womphunga ofunyanwa kwabasetyhini.
I-BAC (i-Bronchioalveolar carcinoma) , imeko eye yafakwa kwakhona njengendlela ye-lung adenocarcinoma, yindlela engavamile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu oqhelekileyo kubasetyhini. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, iziganeko ze-BAC (ngoku zibizwa ngokuba yi-lung adenocarcinoma) zibonakala zikhulayo emhlabeni wonke, ngakumbi kubasetyhini abancinci, abangabhiyiyo.
Iimpawu
Siva malunga neempawu zesifo senhliziyo esahlukileyo kubafazi abasuka kumadoda. Okufanayo kunokubamba ukuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga. Umhlaza wesifo somdlavuza wamasipha (uhlobo lomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo kumadoda kunabesifazana) ukhula kufuphi ne-airways kwaye kaninzi lubonisa "iimpawu zeklasi" zomhlaza wemiphunga, ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhwehlela igazi . I-Adenocarcinomas (uhlobo lomhlaza womphunga oqhelekileyo kubasetyhini), kaninzi lukhula kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga.
Ezi zicubu zinokukhula zikhulu okanye zisasazeka ngaphambi kokuba zibangele naziphi na iimpawu. Izibonakaliso zokukhathala, ukuqala kokuphefumula kokuphefumula , okanye isifuba kunye nentlungu emva kokusasazeka komhlaza wamaphaphu kwithambo, ingaba ngumqondiso wokuqala wokuthi into ephosakeleyo.
Indima ye-Estrogen
Kungenzeka ukuba i-estrogen inendima ekuphuhliseni nasekuqhubekeni komhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye uphando luyenzeka ukuchaza oku okunye. Abasetyhini abanamaqanda abo basuswe ngokugqithisileyo ngaphambi kokuphuma kwindoda bangasengozini enkulu yokuphucula umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba unyango nge-estrogen kunye neprogesterone (i-hormone therapy substitution) emva kokumisa umva kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukusebenzisa i-estrogen yonyango kuphela kudibene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokufa kwesi sifo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kokubili ukusetyenziswa kweepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kunye ne-hormone yonyango yokutshintshwa (ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisa amahomoni emva kokuqeda ukukhulelwa komzimba) zidibene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuzala umhlaza wamaphaphu. Oku kwahluke phakathi kokufa, kunye nokuphuhliswa komdlavuza wemiphunga, kubonisa ukuba i-estrogen idlala indima enye kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Unyango
Unyango lwakho kunye nodokotela wakho ukhetha luya kuqukwa luquka udibaniso lwezonyango. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zisetyenziswa ngayo, kunokukunceda ukuchaza injongo yalezo zonyango ezahlukeneyo.
- Ionyango zengingqi - Iinkqubo zonyango zendawo zenzelwe ukususa iiseli zesifo somhlaza kwindawo yazo - kwindawo yangaphakathi-kwaye zibandakanya unyango kunye neyeza.
- Unonyango olusisigxina - Iinkqubo zonyango zenzelwe ukujongana neeseli zomhlaza nomaphi apho emzimbeni wakho, kungekhona nje imiphunga yakho. Oku kubalulekile ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke ngaphaya kwamaphaphu akho, ukuba ngaba kukho ithuba lokuba ubuncinane iiseli ezimbalwa ziye zahamba ngaphaya kwamaphaphu. Ionyango zonyango ziquka i-chemotherapy, iipilisi ezijoliswe kuyo, kunye ne-immunotherapy.
Ugqirha - Ekuqaleni kwinqanaba lomdlavuza wamaphaphu (isigaba sam ukuya kwisigaba se-IIIA) utyando lunokunika ithuba lokunyanga. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womphunga ongakhetha ukhetho ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu besisu sakho kunye nendawo yaso. Abasetyhini abanomdlavuza wemiphunga badla ngokubhetele ngakumbi kunamadoda anenkqubo. Kwisifundo esithile, ukusinda kwamanzi emva kokuhlinzwa kwasemdlalweni womhlaza wamaphaphu kwaphindwe kabini kubafazi njengabesilisa.
Ukunyangwa kwamayeza - Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunokwenziwa ngezizathu ezininzi. Ekuqaleni kwamanqanaba emiphunga emiphunga angenakusebenza ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi- body stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) inokunika ithuba lokunyanga. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kuninzi kwenziwa (unyango lwangaphandle lwama-radium) emva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uhlambulule nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza. Kungenziwa kwakhona phambi kokuhlinzwa kunye ne-chemotherapy kwisilingo sokunciphisa isisu kwizinga elingachithwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kunokwenziwa njengonyango olulinganisayo - unyango olwenzelwe ukunyanga umhlaza, kodwa ukwandisa ubomi okanye ukuphucula iimpawu zesifo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-SBRT isetyenziselwe abantu abathile abaneemitha ezithintekayo kuphela kwiingqondo ezivela kwisigaba somhlaza wesi-4 somhlaza. Ngoxa le nto ayisoloko ikhethwa, ukususwa kwe "oligometastases" ngale ndlela kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho ixesha elide lokuphila kwabanye abantu.
I-Chemotherapy - Abasetyhini baphendulile imbali embalwa imithi yokwenza imiphunga yamaphaphu engcono kunamadoda.
Iimpawu zokwelapha ezijoliswe kuyo - Wonke umntu onomdlavuza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci kufuneka abe novavanyo lwemizimba (ukucacisa i-molecular) ukujonga utshintsho olujoliswe kuyo. Ngeli xesha, unyango lukhona kulabo abane- EGFR utshintsho , ii- ALK , kunye nokulungiswa kwe-ROS1 , kunye nezinye unyango olujongwa kwizilingo zeclini. Enye yezilwanyana ezijoliswe kuzo. I-Tarceva (erlotinib) nayo ibonakala iyasebenza ngakumbi kubafazi.
Immunotherapy - I- Immunotherapy yindlela entsha enomdla wokuphatha umdlavuza , kunye neyeza 2 kulolu hlobo oluye lwavunyelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukususela ngo-2015.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango - I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuba abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bacinga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zonyango , ezi zilingo azisinceda kuphela ukuqhubela phambili uphando kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha, kunika abantu ubomi obongezelela unyango olungenako.
Umlinganiselo wokuSinda
Inqanaba lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini liphezulu ngaphezu kwamadoda kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ngokudabukisayo, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 li-18 ekhulwini kuphela (malunga nama-12 ekhulwini kumadoda), kodwa le nombolo iya kukwanda kwisekusondele. Njengomzekelo ukubonakalisa eli nethemba, kwakukho unyango olutsha olwamkelwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu ngexesha eliphakathi kuka-2011 no-2017, ngaphezu kweeminyaka engamashumi amane ngaphambi ko-2011. Kunokukunceda ukugcina ingqalelo ukuba amazinga okusinda aqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kwiinkalo zendlela abantu baphendule unyango lwemiphunga yamaphaphu esikhathini esidlulileyo.
Inkxaso
Ngelishwa, kwadlula kubekho inkxaso encinane efumanekayo kubasetyhini abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba bekhona kwezinye i-cancer. Le ndlela yindlela ukujamelana nomdlavuza wemiphunga kunokuba nzima kunokuba uxhathise umdlavuza webele . Kakade, ukujamelana nomdlavuza kunzima kwaye andinakukubhala oku ngaphandle kokuba ngumhlaza wesikhumba. kumanani akwenza ngokubaluleka, kwaye kukho umphakathi ochaphazelayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle. Khangela eli nqaku ekufumaneni amaqela enkxaso yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nenkxaso yoluntu . Ukuba unamajelo asekuhlaleni, i-hashtag #LCSM inokukunceda ukuba ufumane abanye behlangabezana nemingeni efanayo. Njalo ngolunye uLwesine kwi-twitter kukho "tweetchat" kwisihloko somhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokungafani nantoni na ngaphambili, ezi ngxoxo zibonelela ngamagulane omhlaza wamaphaphu, abaxhasi babo, abavakalisi, amagqirha emiphunga yemiphunga kunye nabaphandi, ukuba banxibelelane bonke kwinqanaba. Funda kabanzi malunga nomdlavuza woluntu lomdlavuza (#LCSM.)
Ukuba nguMmeli Wakho
Ukuba sasiza kuthiwa inombolo yento enye umntu onokuyenza ukuze kuphuculwe ukusinda kwabo ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, kuya kuba kukuzimela. Ukuba ubandakanyeka emphakathini womdlavuza wemiphunga, uya kudibana nabasetyhini abaninzi abaphila kuphela ngenxa yokuba baba negalelo kwaye bafunda malunga neyeza zonyango. Imithi yesifo somhlaza ishintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye oogqirha babantu kuphela. Kunzima ukuhlala ulungelelanisa zonke izifundo ezintsha kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi. Hlola ezi ngcebiso malunga nendlela ophanda ngayo umhlaza wakho kwi-intanethi , kwakunye nendlela yokuba ngummeli wakho ekunyamekelweni komhlaza wakho . Ngombulelo, akumele uyenze oku kuphela. Ukongeza kwintlalo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ezininzi iinkqubo zomhlaza wemiphunga zisebenze kunye kunye nokwenza inkonzo efana nekliniki yomhlaza . Ngalo msebenzi wenkonzo, inqwelo-moya iyakwazi ukuphonononga ukuxilongwa kwakho kwaye ukhangele iimvavanyo zonyango ezenzekayo kwilizwe elinokukhetha.
Ukuxhasa oMthandayo
Ukuba ungumhlobo wakho oye wafunyaniswa nomhlaza wemiphunga unokuziva ukhululekile kwaye ungancedi. Ungamxhasa njani umhlobo wakho ngomhlaza? Thatha isikhashana ukuba ungene ezinqabeni zakhe. Nantsi inqaku elithethayo "into enjani ukuhlala nomdlavuza" kwaye wabelana ngamagqabaza malunga naluphi umxhasi womdlavuza wamaphaphu onqwenela ukuba amalungu abo entsapho awazi. Into ebalulekileyo ongayenzayo ukuphulaphula kwaye ube khona. Enye yezona nkxalabo zabanomdlavuza kukuba baya kuba bodwa.
Ukwazisa kunye neNkxaso
Nangona abaninzi abafazi bafa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza webele, kuninzi imali ezinikezelwa kuphando lwebele lombele ngaphezu kophando lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abaninzi basebenze ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa intshutshiso yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, sinethemba lokuba ukwandisa imali eyimfihlo kunye noluntu kwisifo.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi
Ngombulelo, nangona umdlavuza wamaphaphu kukubangela phambili yokufa komhlaza kubasetyhini, kukho ezinye izinto ongayenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
- Ukuba ubhema, shiya
- Gwema umsi wesithandwa
- Hlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon
- Ukuzivocavoca .
- Khangela ezi ndawo eziphezulu ezinokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu , kwaye, ukuba sele uhlala nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngale mveliso yokutya komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Iingqinisiso kunye neengxelo zeCans 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html
> Chlebowski, R. et al. I-Estrogen kunye nomdlavuza we-progestin kunye nomdlavuza kwi-postmenopausal women (Icandelo leNtshukumo yoLwaphulo lwezeMpilo). Lancet . 2009. Septemba 18. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprintwa).
> Claque, J., Reynolds, P., Henders, K. et al. I-Menopausal Hormone Therapy kunye ne-Lung Cancer-Specific Mortality Emva kokuchongwa: I-California Teachers Study. PLoS One . Ipapashwe ngoJulayi 31, 2014.
> Kazmi, N. et al. Indima ye-estrogen, i-progesterone kunye ne-aromatase kwisifo somhlaza ongasemncinci wesifo somzimba. Ulawulo lweCarcer Lung . 2012. 1 (4): 259-272.
> Meinhold, C. et al. Izinto zokuzala kunye ne-hormonal kunye nomngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesifo samaphaphu. Journal International of Cancer . 2011. 128 (6): 1404-13.
> Pesatori, A. et al. Ukusetyenziswa kweHormone kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga: uhlalutyo oluhlanganisiweyo oluvela kwi-International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). IBritish Journal of Cancer . 2013 Sep 3. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
> Yao, Y. et al. I-hormone yonyango yokutshintshwa kwimizimba yabasetyhini inokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu: uhlalutyo lweemeta. PLoS One . 2013. 14 (8): e71236.