Isigaba soku-1 ukuya kwiSigaba 4 sovavanyo lwezonyango - Zihluke njani?
Ziziphi iiNqanaba ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwezonyango?
Kukho izigaba ezintathu ezahlukileyo zezilingo zeekliniki ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuqala ngokusetyenziswa kokuqala kweyeza okanye unyango kubantu, nokugqitywa ngokusetyenziswa kwemimiselo kawonkewonke yi-FDA. Kukho isigaba esongezelelweyo sezilingo zeklinikhi ezijonge iinkqubo kunye namayeza emva kokuba sele sele ivunyiwe yi-FDA.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanywa kweeklinikhi . Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izilingo ziphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy, ezinye iincwadi zijonga iindlela zokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu abahambayo nangona unyango lomhlaza, kwaye ezinye izifundo zijonga iindlela zokukhusela umdlavuza kwindawo yokuqala.
Isigaba 1 Iimvavanyo Zokliniki - Ingaba Unyango Olukhuselekileyo?
Uvavanyo lweSigaba 1 lwezonyango lulona luvavanyo lokuqala olwenzelwa abantu kwiyeza lokulinga okanye unyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya inani elincinci labantu - ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya ku-10 ukuya kuma-30 - kwaye lenzelwe ukujonga ukuba unyango lukhuselekile. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe isigaba i-trial, iqela elitsha liye lavavanywa kakhulu kwibhuyibhile. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphambi kokuqala isilingo sesigaba se-I kliniki, isichumbo se-chemotherapy sisenokuvavanywa kwiiseli zomhlaza zomntu ezisakhulayo kwibrabhu, nakwizilwanyana zebhoratri.
Umzekelo wesigaba esinye sesilingo uza kuvavanya isilwanyana esiye savavanyelwa kuphela kwiigoda kubantu ukuba zibone ukuba zikhuselekile.
Isigaba 2 Iimvavanyo Zokliniki - Ingaba I-Treatment isebenza? Ngaba iphumelele?
Emva kokuba isicatshulwa okanye unyango lufunyanwe lukhuselekile, luvavanywa kwisilingo sesigaba sesi-2 ukuba lubone ukuba lusebenza. Ekubeni inani elikhulu labantu - ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya ku-30 ukuya ku-120 - abhalisiwe kulezi zifundo, ulwazi oluthe vetshe lufumaneka ngokukhuseleko.
Izigaba ze-3 zeMvavanyo zeNtsholongwane - Ngaba i-Treatment isebenze ngcono kuneNqanaba leMpilo okanye ngaba i-Effect Side Effects kune-Standard Standard Treatment?
Emva kokuba unyango okanye unyango luvakalelwa ukuba lukhuselekile kwaye lunempumelelo, lufundwa kwisilingo sesigaba sesi-3 ukuba lubone ukuba lusebenza bhetele kunalo, okanye lube nemiphumo emibini engaphezulu kunezo, unyango oluqhelekileyo olukhoyo. Izilingo zeSigaba 3 zivame ukuqhutyelwa ngamakhulu ukuya kumawaka abantu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zihlolisise "izifundo ezimbumbulu"; intsingiselo yokuba akukho isigulane okanye umphenyi uyazi ukuba yintoni unyango olusetyenziswayo. Ukuba unyango luzama ukuba luphakamileyo okanye luphantsi kwonyango oluqhelekileyo, ezi zifundo zivame ukuyeka kwangaphambili ukuvumela abantu ukuba bafumane unyango olungcono.
Umzekelo unokuba ukuvavanya ukuhlinzwa okungaphantsi kwe-cancer yomphunga ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba isantya sokusinda sikhulu ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, okanye ukuba utyando olutsha lunemiphumo emibini kunye neengxaki kunomsebenzi wesintu (oqhelekileyo).
Izigaba ezi-4 zovavanyo lwezonyango
Kukho izigaba ezi-4 zecilisi. Emva kokuba isivuno sesigunyaziwe ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, isilingo sesigaba se-4 singenziwa ukuba sijonge ukhuseleko lweziyobisi okanye inkqubo emva kwexesha, okanye ukujonga ezinye iilwimi.
Ukubaluleka kweeMvavanyo zeZliniki
Kukho iinkolelo ezininzi malunga nokuhlolwa kweekliniki, ukugweba kwiimifanekiso eziqhelekileyo ezibonisa iibinki zeginea okanye iiglitshi kwi-treadmill. Ezi zifundo zonyango, eqinisweni, yindlela kuphela yonyango olutsha olusenokufumaneka ngalo kunyango lomhlaza okanye nasiphi na esinye isifo.
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba ezi zilingo zingabikho nje kubemi lonke, kodwa ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ngabanye, zinokugxininiswa ngokubonisa oko kwenzeke ngomhlaza wemiphunga kwiminyaka yamuva. Ngexesha eliphakathi kuka-2011 no-2015, izidakamizwa ezitsha zavunywa ukunyanga komhlaza wamaphaphu kunokuba zivunyiwe kwiminyaka engama - 40 ngaphambi ko-2011.
Cinga ukuba umntu ngamnye othathe inxaxheba kulezi zilingo ngaphambi kokuba avunywe, wayenethuba lokufumana isicatshulwa okanye inkqubo eyafunyanwa ibe bhetele kunezidakamizwa okanye inkqubo ngexesha eli xesha, amanani abonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zonyango, wayenethuba lokusebenzisa unyango lokugcina ubomi ngaphambi kokuba lufumaneke kuluntu jikelele.
UkuFunda okuqhubekayo malunga novavanyo lwezonyango:
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. Izigaba zovavanyo lweZliniki. Updated 12/2015. http://www.cancer.net/kuvakalisa-catshulwa-catshulwa/khombisi-catshulwa-catshulwa-i-clinical-trials/phases-clinical-trials