Ingqungquthela yeLung ihluke njani kwabasetyhini kunabantu?
Ngaba wayesazi ukuba iimpawu zomhlaza wamaphaphu zihlala zihluke kwabesetyhini kunokuba babesilisa?
Akunjalo kuphela iimpawu ezahlukileyo, nangona kunjalo. Imiba emininzi yomhlaza wamaphaphu, ukusuka kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zesifo ukusukela, zihluke phakathi kwesini. Makhe sijonge ngeendlela apho umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyingqayizivele kwabasetyhini, kwaye yintoni oyifunayo ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ufumana uncedo olungcono lwempilo olunokwenzeka.
Umdlavuza womlenze kubasetyhini uhlukile kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda ngeendlela ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, nangonahluko ocacileyo kwindlela esibukeka ngayo, sivame ukuhlenga amadoda kunye nabasetyhini xa sithetha ngesifo. Oku kubi, kuba izibangela, iimpendulo zonyango ezahlukeneyo, izinga lokusinda, kwaye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyahlukahluka. Ziziphi ezinye iinkcukacha ngomhlaza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini?
Izibalo
Umdlavuza womlenze yiyona nto ibangela umdla wokufa komhlaza kubasetyhini, ukubulala abanye abafazi ngonyaka ngamnye kunomdlavuza webele , umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza womhlaza we-ovarian .
Nangona ukutshaya kuba yimbangela enye, ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange baphephe i-cigarette. Ukongeza, umdlavuza wamaphaphu unokwenzeka ukuba uvele kubashushu bakubadala, abo bawunqamle umkhwa, kunokuba abasetyhini abanjengokutshaya.
Emva kokuba uthathwa njengesifo "somntu," umhlaza womphunga awusalucaluli. Ngo-2017 kuqikelelwa ukuba amadoda angama-116,990 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-105,510 baya kufumaniswa nesifo.
Nangona i-diagnostic yomdlavuza yamaphaphu iyancipha kubayeni, bahlala bezinzile kubafazi. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kweqela elinye. Umdlavuza womlenze unyuka kubasetyhini, abangazange batshayele.
Umdlavuza womlenze uvela kumncinci kumabhinqa kunamadoda, kwaye phantse ihafu yesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu kubantu abadala abasetyhini bavela kubasetyhini.
Iintlobo kwi-Women vs. Men
Iindidi zomhlaza wamaphaphu zihlala zihluka phakathi kwabasetyhini namadoda. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zomhlaza wamaphaphu:
- Umhlaza ongasetyenzana wesifo samangcwaba, esenza malunga ne-80 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza omncinci wamaseli omnxeba, obandakanya ama-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga.
Amanqamana amancinci amancinci amancinci aphezulu kakhulu uhlobo lomdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu kwabasetyhini. Amancinci amancinci omnxeba amancinci aqheleke kakhulu kumadoda, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu avelise umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu kunomfazi.
Amancinci amancinci omncuba wamaphaphu athambekele ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngenxa yale nto inokuthi ilandelelanise ezinye zeentlukwano ekuchaseni phakathi kwezesondo.
Ngomdlavuza omninzi wesifo samangqamuzana, kukho i-subtypes emithathu, kwaye oku kwahluke phakathi kwezesondo. Ezi ziquka:
- I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung , ejongene neepesenti ezingama-50 zala makhansela
- I-Squamous cell carcinoma yomphunga, enezela ukuya kuma-30 eepesenti angamancinci amancinci omhlaza wamaphaphu.
- Umdlavuza omkhulu wamangqamuzana, obala malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zale khansa.
(A manani apha adibanisi ukuya kuma-100 ekhulwini njengoko ezinye izicubu zinempawu zolu hlobo lwesinye somhlaza womphuphu, njengento ebenzileyo.)
I-adenocarcinoma ye-Lung iyona hlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini, kwaye unomdla womhlaza wamaphaphu omncinci obunxulumene nokutshaya.
Amadoda amaninzi kunokuba abafazi bahlakulele umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu.
I-BAC (i-Bronchioalveolar carcinoma) , imeko eye yafakwa kwakhona njengendlela ye-lung adenocarcinoma, yindlela engavamile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu oqhelekileyo kubasetyhini. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, iziganeko ze-BAC (ngoku zibizwa ngokuba yi-lung adenocarcinoma) zibonakala zikhulayo emhlabeni wonke, ngakumbi kubasetyhini abancinci, abangabhiyiyo.
Ezi ntlukwano kwimiba yomdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini inokuthi ilandelelanise ezinye iintlobo zempawu eziqhelekileyo kumadoda nakwabasetyhini.
Izizathu
Nangona ukutshaya yimbangela enye yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini, ipesenteji ephakamileyo yabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu basaphila ubomi obungabhemi.
Ezinye zezizathu zingabandakanya ukuvezwa kweerdon emakhaya ethu, umsi wesibini , nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzibandakanya komsebenzi , okanye i- genetic predisposition . Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba unyango kunye ne-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) linokudlala indima
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Siye safunda ukuba iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo zihlukile kumadoda nakwabasetyhini kwaye kunjalo kunjalo nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Amadoda anomdlavuza wamaphaphu anakho amathuba okuba nomkhwehlela oqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela igazi , okanye ukuphululela izifo zokuphefumula ngenxa yeengcambu ezivimbela i-airways. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamaphaphu kwabesetyhini zihlala zicinga ngokungapheliyo kokuphefumula (ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwa ukudala okanye ukufumana ubunzima okanye ukungaxhasi, kunye nokukhathala.
Ezi ntlukwano kwiimpawu zinokuba ubuncinane kwiinxalenye ezinxulumene neentlobo zamanomdla emiphunga emaphaphu phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini.
Amadoda akwazi ukuhlakulela umdlavuza omncinci wamaphaphu okanye umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamagqabi ngaphezu koomama. Ezi khansela zivame ukukhula kufuphi okanye ngaphakathi kwendlela enkulu yomphunga. Kule ndawo banokubangela lula ukukhwehlela, ukuphaphaza, okanye ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kweengcingo ezibangelwa izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye ukuwa kwemiphunga ( atelectasis ),
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-lung adenocarcinoma yindawo eqhelekileyo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini. Ezi zicubu zivame ukukhula kwimida yemiphunga, kude ne-airways enkulu. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ababanako ukuphumela kwisikhwehlo, bangela ukuba umntu ahlambe igazi, okanye angavimbela i-airways ekhokelela kwizifo.
Kunoko, i-adenocarcinomas iyakhula ngokubanzi phambi kokuba ifunyenwe. Olu khuleni lunokubangela ukunyuka kancinci ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokukhathala. Amaxesha amaninzi amabhinqa akanalo iimpawu kude kube yilapho izifo zomdlavuza zomsakazo zisasazekile (imastasi) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. I-Metastasase kwingqondo ingabangela iimpawu zamehlo, ukuphazamiseka okanye ubuthathaka. I-Metastases kumathambo kunokubangela iintlungu zethambo, intlungu emva, intlungu yesifuba okanye intlungu . Ezinye iimpawu zingenzeka ukuba zihlobene nomhlaza wesifo semitha ngokubanzi, njengokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenzi lutho.
Iimpawu Eziqhelekileyo Eziqhelekileyo
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, iindidi eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wemiphunga kumadoda zivame ukukhula kufuphi nomoya ophakathi. Ezi zicubu zivame ukubangela iimpawu zangaphambili kwixesha le sifo, kunye neempawu ezihambelana nobukho be-tumor kufuphi ne-airway. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuphazamiseka okukhokelela ekutshweni kwemiphunga (atelectasis), nokukhwehlela kungabonakala kwangaphambili kwimidemokrepha yamaphaphu efunyenwe kumadoda kunokuba ibe ngabafazi.
Elinye iqela leempawu ezibonwa ngesinye isikhathi ngomhlaza wemiphunga yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi- paraneoplastic syndrome . I-paraneoplastic syndrome yiqela leempawu ezibangelwa yizinto ezidityaniswe ne-hormone ezifihliwe ngamathumba kwaye kubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neengqungquthela zamancinci zamaphaphu amancinci, i-squamous cancer cell lung kunye ne-cell cellcincinasas-ezinomdlavuza ezitholakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumadoda.
Izimpawu zeParanoplastic zingabandakanya i-calcium ephezulu kwigazi ( hypercalcemia ), inqanaba le-sodium eliphantsi, ubuthathaka kwimilenze ephezulu, ukulahlekelwa kokulungelelaniswa kunye neentlobo ze-muscle phakathi kwezinye iimpawu.
Izinyango Zonyango
Unyango lwakho kunye nodokotela wakho ukhetha luya kuqukwa luquka udibaniso lwezonyango. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zisetyenziswa ngayo, kunokukunceda ukuchaza injongo yalezo zonyango ezahlukeneyo.
- Izonyango zengingqi - Iinkqubo zonyango zendawo zenzelwe ukususa iiseli zomhlaza kumthombo wazo-zendawo-kwaye zibandakanya unyango kunye neyeza.
- Unonyango olusisigxina - Iinkqubo zonyango zenzelwe ukujongana neeseli zomhlaza nomaphi apho emzimbeni wakho, kungekhona nje imiphunga yakho. Oku kubalulekile ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke ngaphaya kwamaphaphu akho, okanye ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba ubuncinane iiseli ezimbalwa ziye zahamba ngaphaya kwemiphunga yakho. Ionyango zonyango ziquka i-chemotherapy, iipilisi ezijoliswe kuyo, kunye ne-immunotherapy.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukuqaliswa kwimihlaza yesifo semiphunga (isigaba sokuqala ukuya kwinqanaba le-IIIA) ukuhlinzwa kunokunika ithuba lokunyanga. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womphunga ongakhetha ukhetho ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu besisu sakho kunye nendawo yaso. Abasetyhini abanomdlavuza wemiphunga badla ngokubhetele ngakumbi kunamadoda anenkqubo. Kwisifundo esithile, ukusinda kwamanzi emva kokuhlinzwa kwasemdlalweni womhlaza wamaphaphu kwaphindwe kabini kubafazi njengabesilisa.
Utyando lweyeza
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunokwenziwa ngezizathu ezininzi. Ekuqaleni kwamanqanaba emiphunga emiphunga angenakusebenza ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi- body stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) inokunika ithuba lokunyanga.
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kuninzi kwenziwa (unyango lwangaphandle lwama-radium) emva kokuhlinzwa ukuze uhlambulule nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza. Kungenziwa kwakhona phambi kokuhlinzwa kunye ne-chemotherapy kwisilingo sokunciphisa isisu kwizinga elingachithwa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunokwenziwa kwakhona njengonyango olunyango-unyango olungenakunyanga umdlavuza, kodwa ukwandisa ubomi okanye ukuphucula iimpawu zesifo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-SBRT isetyenziselwe abantu abathile abaneemitha ezithintekayo kuphela kwiingqondo ezivela kwisigaba somhlaza wesi-4 somhlaza. Ngoxa le nto ayisoloko ikhethiweyo, ukususwa kwe "oligometastas" ngale ndlela kuye kwaphumela ekuphumeni kwexesha elide kwabanye abantu.
Chemotherapy
Abasetyhini baphendulile imbali embalwa imithi yokwenza imiphunga yamaphaphu engcono kunamadoda.
Iipilithi ezijoliswe
Wonke umntu onomdlavuza wesifo somnxeba ongeyomncinci kufuneka abe novavanyo lwemizimba (ukuprofilisa i-molecular) ukujonga utshintsho olujoliswe kuyo, kwaye kubonakala ukuba enye yezinto eziguqulwayo, ngakumbi i-EGFR, ixhaphake kakhulu kwabesetyhini kunamadoda. Ngeli xesha, unyango lukhona kulabo abane- EGFR utshintsho , ii- ALK , kunye nokulungiswa kwe-ROS1 , kunye nezinye unyango olujongwa kwizilingo zeclini. I-Tarceva (erlotinib) nayo ibonakala iyasebenza ngakumbi kubafazi.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy yindlela entsha enomdla wokuphelisa umdlavuza , kunye neyeza ezintathu kule mveliso ziye zavunyelwa umhlaza wemiphunga ukususela ngo-2015.
Uvavanyo lweZliniki
I-National Cancer Institute incoma ukuba abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bathathe inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zonyango . Ezi zilingo azisinceda kuphela ukuqhubela phambili uphando kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha, kunika abantu ubomi obongezelela unyango olungenako.
UkuPhulwa kweeRhafu
Inqanaba lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini liphezulu ngaphezu kwamadoda kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Ngokudabukisayo, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 li-18 ekhulwini kuphela (malunga nama-12 ekhulwini kumadoda), kodwa le nombolo iya kukwanda kwisekusondele. Njengomzekelo ukubonakalisa eli nethemba, kwakukho unyango olutsha olwamkelwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu ngexesha eliphakathi kuka-2011 no-2017, ngaphezu kweeminyaka engamashumi amane ngaphambi ko-2011. Kunokukunceda ukugcina ingqalelo ukuba amazinga okusinda aqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kwiinkalo zendlela abantu baphendule unyango lwemiphunga yamaphaphu esikhathini esidlulileyo.
Indima ye-Estrogen
Kungenzeka ukuba i-estrogen inendima ekuphuhliseni nasekuqhubekeni komhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye uphando luyenzeka ukuchaza oku okunye. Abasetyhini abanamaqanda abo basuswe ngokugqithisileyo ngaphambi kokuphuma kwindoda bangasengozini enkulu yokuphucula umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba unyango nge-estrogen kunye neprogesterone (i-hormone therapy substitution) emva kokumisa umva kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukusebenzisa i-estrogen yonyango kuphela kudibene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokufa kwesi sifo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, kokubili ukusetyenziswa kweepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kunye ne-hormone yonyango yokutshintshwa (ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisa amahomoni emva kokuqeda ukukhulelwa komzimba) zidibene nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuzala umhlaza wamaphaphu.
Oku kwahluke phakathi kokufa nokuphuhliswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubonisa ukuba i-estrogen idlala indima enye kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Resources Resources
Ngelishwa, kwadlula kubekho inkxaso encinane efumanekayo kubasetyhini abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba bekhona kwezinye i-cancer. Kodwa okokuba uluntu lomdlavuza wamapompo alukho kwinani lwakhiwa ngokubanzi, kwaye kukho umphakathi ochaphazelayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle. Funda malunga nokufumana amaqela enkxaso yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nenkxaso yoluntu . Ukuba unamajelo asekuhlaleni, i-hashtag #LCSM inokukunceda ukuba ufumane abanye behlangabezana nemingeni efanayo. Njalo ngolunye uLwesine kwi-twitter kukho "tweetchat" kwisihloko somhlaza wemiphunga. Ngokungafani nantoni na ngaphambili, ezi ngxoxo zibonelela ngamagulane emdlavuza wamaphaphu, abaxhasi babo, abavakalisi, amagqirha emiphunga yemiphunga kunye nabaphandi, ukuze banxibelelane bonke. Funda kabanzi malunga nomdlavuza woluntu lomdlavuza (#LCSM.)
Ukuba nguMmeli Wakho Ngomdlavuza
Ukuba sasiza kuthiwa inombolo yento enye umntu onokuyenza ukuze kuphuculwe ukusinda kwabo ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, kuya kuba kukuzimela. Ukuba ubandakanyeka emphakathini womdlavuza wemiphunga, uya kudibana nabasetyhini abaninzi abaphila kuphela ngenxa yokuba baba negalelo kwaye bafunda malunga neyeza zonyango. Imithi yesifo somhlaza ishintsha ngokukhawuleza. Hlola ezi ngcebiso malunga nendlela ophanda ngayo umhlaza wakho kwi-intanethi , kwakunye nendlela yokuba ngummeli wakho ekunyamekelweni komhlaza wakho . Ngombulelo, akumele uyenze oku kuphela. Ukongeza kwintlalo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ezininzi iinkqubo zomhlaza wemiphunga zisebenze kunye kunye nokwenza inkonzo efana nekliniki yomhlaza . Ngalo msebenzi wenkonzo, inqwelo-moya iyakwazi ukuphonononga ukuxilongwa kwakho kwaye ukhangele iimvavanyo zonyango ezenzekayo kwilizwe elinokukhetha.
Xa Umthande Wakho Unomdlavuza Weengculaza
Ukuba ungumhlobo wakho oye wafunyaniswa nomhlaza wemiphunga unokuziva ukhululekile kwaye ungancedi. Ungamxhasa njani umhlobo wakho ngomhlaza? Thatha isikhashana ukuba ungene ezinqabeni zakhe. Nantsi inqaku elithethayo "into enjani ukuhlala nomdlavuza" kwaye wabelana ngamagqabaza malunga naluphi umxhasi womdlavuza wamaphaphu onqwenela ukuba amalungu abo entsapho awazi. Into ebalulekileyo ongayenzayo ukuphulaphula kwaye ube khona. Enye yezona nkxalabo zabanomdlavuza kukuba baya kuba bodwa.
Ukwazisa kunye neNkxaso
Nangona abaninzi abafazi bafa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunomdlavuza webele, kuninzi imali ezinikezelwa kuphando lwebele lombele ngaphezu kophando lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abaninzi basebenza ngokukhawuleza ekunciphiseni ihlazo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nokwandisa imali eyimfihlo kunye noluntu kwisifo.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi
Ngombulelo, nangona umdlavuza wamaphaphu kukubangela phambili yokufa komhlaza kubasetyhini, kukho ezinye izinto ongayenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
- Ukuba ubhema, shiya
- Gwema umsi wesithandwa
- Hlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon
- Ukuzivocavoca .
- Khangela ezi ndawo eziphezulu ezinokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu , kwaye, ukuba sele uhlala nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngale mveliso yokutya komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
ILizwi
Umdlavuza womlenze unendlela ezininzi kwisifo esahlukileyo kubafazi ngaphandle kwamadoda. Ngethamsanqa, le ntlukwano iya kuba icace ngakumbi njengoko sifunda ngakumbi malunga nokuhlukahluka kwee-molecular phakathi kwama-cancer ahlukeneyo. Ngomdlavuza wemiphunga kubasetyhini besondela ngoku njengabantu, ngokuqinisekileyo siya kufumanisa ukungqinelana okungazisebenzisa ukukhokela unyango kunye nokukhathalela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
> Imithombo:
> Ben Khedher, S., uNeri, M., Papdopoulos, A. et al. Iimpawu zokusesikweni kunye nokuzala kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza we-Lung: Uhlalutyo oluxhaswe kwi-International Lung Cancer Consortium. Journal International of Cancer . 2017. 141 (2): 309-323.
> Min, L., Wang, F., Liang, S., Yang, J., no X. Xu. Isimo seMenopausal kunye neengozi yeMhlaza yeLung kwabesifazane: I-PRISMA-I-Meta-Analysis eyanelisayo. Amachiza (iBaltimore) . 2017. 92 (26): e7065.
> Ukupasa, iHarvey I. Iimigaqo kunye nokusebenza komhlaza wamaphaphu: umbhalo we-IASLC ngokusemthethweni. Philadelphia: IWolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Print.
> Stucker, I., uMartin, D., uNeri, M. et al. I-Epidemiology ye-Lung Cancer (WELCA) Isifundo: Ukuzala, iHormonal, i-Occupational Risk Factors kunye ne-Biobank. BMC yezeMpilo . 2017. 17 (1): 324.