Unokuva i-hypoxia yegama xa ugqirha wakho echaza imeko yakho yonyango. Yiyiphi na i-hypoxia, ziphi iimpawu kunye nempawu, kwaye ziziphi izizathu ezinokwenzeka?
Sibanzi
I-Hypoxia ngokwezwi nezwi ithetha "i-oxygen ephantsi," kodwa ichazwa njengobunqongophe obuninzi be-oksijeni efikelela kwizicubu zomzimba. Ihluke kwi-hypoxemia, oko kuthetha ukuba umlinganiselo onganeleyo we-oksijini ehamba egazini.
I-Hypoxia ingakho ngenxa ye-hypoxemia, umzekelo, ukuba umlinganiselo onganeleyo we-oksijini ufinyelela kwizicubu ngenxa yokuba ixabiso elaneleyo le-oksijini egazini, okanye kungenxa yezizathu ezithile.
Ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni kwimizimba eyaziwa ngokuba yi "oksijini yendlala." Ukuba ukusilela okupheleleyo kwe-oksijeni kwenzeka kwiimfucu, kuthiwa yi-anoxia.
I-Hypoxia inokuchaphazela umzimba wonke (u-hypoxia jikelele), okanye iqumrhu elithile okanye indawo yomzimba (i-hypoxia yamathambo). Inokuthi ihlelwe njengento eqhelekileyo okanye engapheliyo, inentsingiselo ephawulekayo yokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nengxaki engapheliyo yokuba u-hypoxia uye waqhubeka ixesha elide.
Iintlobo
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hypoxia okanye izizathu zokuthi akukho oksijini okwaneleyo kwiiscuphe zomzimba. Ezi ziquka:
- I-hypoxia ye-hypoxic (hypo hypoiaia hypoxia): Kulolu hlobo lwe-hypoxia, izicubu asinayo i-oksijini eyaneleyo yokuba kukho ukungabikho kwe-oksijini egazini eligeleza kwiifom. I-hypoxia ye-hypoxic ingabangelwa ukuphefumula okungapheli kunye nezinye izizathu.
- I-hypocia ye-Anemic: Kwimeko ye-anemia, izinga le-hemoglobin ephantsi liphumela ekunciphiseni kwegazi ukuze kuthwale umoya-mpilo ophefumlelweyo, kwaye ngoko ke, ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini eyancitshiswayo. I-anemia inokuthi ibangelwe ziimeko ezininzi.
- I-hypoxia eqhubekayo (i-hypoxia ejikelezayo): Le fomu ye-hypoxia ibangelwa ukungena kwegazi okwaneleyo, okubangela ukuba i-oksijini encinane ifumaneke kwiifom.
- I-hypotiia ye-Histiotoxic: Nge-hypoticia ye-hertiotoxic, inani elaneleyo le-oksijeni liyakhutshwa ngemiphunga kwaye ihanjiswe kwizicubu, kodwa izicubu azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-oksijini ekhoyo.
- I-hypoxia ye-Metabolic: I-hypoxia ye- metabolic iyenzeka xa kukho imfuno engakumbi ye-oksijini ngamathambo kunokuqhelekileyo. I-oksijeni ingathathwa, ihanjiswe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngama-tissue, kodwa ngenxa yemeko ephakamisa imetabolism, ayinelanga. Umzekelo wale nto yi- sepsis (isifo esithinteleyo kunye nesichengayo.)
Iimpawu
Iimpawu neempawu ze-hypoxia ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo, kwaye zide kangakanani iimpawu ezikhoyo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
- Utywala okanye ukuphelelwa amandla ( syncope )
- Ukuphefumula ( dyspnea )
- Ukudideka, ukunyaniseka, kunye / okanye ukungabikho komgwebo
- Intloko
- Isantya senhliziyo esheshayo (tachycardia)
- Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinga lokuphefumula (tachypnea)
- I-Euphoria kunye nengqondo yokuphila kakuhle
- Ukulinganisa, ukufudumala
- Ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi (i-blood pressure)
- Ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano
- Ukutshintsha okubonakalayo, njengombono wethuna
- Inani elibomvu leseli yegazi (i- polycythemia ) kubantu abane-hypoxia engapheliyo
- I-bluish tinge emlonyeni nasemacaleni (i- cyanosis)
I ziphumo
Amalungu amaninzi achaphazelekayo yi-hypoxia yintliziyo, intliziyo kunye nesibindi.
Ukuba i-hypoxia inzima, umonakalo ongenakucinganiswa ungaqala kwimimiselo emine yokuqala. I-Coma, ukuxhamla, kunye nokufa kungenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima. I-hypoxia engapheliyo, engapheliyo nayo ingalimaza iinxalenye ezinkulu zomzimba.
Xa i-hypoxia ilukhuni, iimpawu zihlala zibandakanya imoto engahambelaniyo kunye nesigwebo esichaphazelekayo. Ngenxa yeempawu, umntu ono-hypoxia ngamanye amaxesha uphelelwa ngephutha ukuba atywala ngotywala.
I-hypoxia engapheli iya kuba neempawu ezahlukileyo, ezinjengokukhathala, ukunganakwa, ixesha lokuphendula ixesha elide okanye ukunciphisa amandla okusebenza.
Izizathu
Akumangalisi ukuba izifo zamaphaphu ziyimbangela ebalulekileyo ye-hypoxia, kodwa kukho nezinye izizathu ezininzi.
Ezinye izizathu zeentlobo ezithile ze-hypoxia ziquka:
Iimbangela ze Hypoxicia Hypoxia
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ze-hypoxia ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela apho ixabiso elingaphantsi lomzimba. Ezi zizathu ziyakwazi ukukhawuleza iimbande kwiingxaki kwiqondo lentliziyo kwizizathu ezingezizo zonyango ezifana nokuhamba kwindawo apho ubude buphezulu ngaphezu kwekhaya.
- Ukugula okuphezulu: I-FAA icebisa i-oksijini eyongezelelweyo ngeenqwelo-moya ezingaphezu kwamawaka angama-10 000 nangaphezulu kwama-6,000 ngeenyawo (ngenxa yokuba umboniso womqhubi unomdla kakhulu kwi-oxygen ephantsi).
- Izimo zengxube : Ukungatshintshi ngomoya kwimiphunga ngenxa yezifo ezifana neCOPD , isifuba somhlaza , umhlaza wamaphaphu , isifo se-pneumonia , isifo se-rheumatoid , kunye nesifo sengqondo somfutho wegazi .
- I-Hypoventilation: I- Hypoventilation ithetha nje "ukungaphefumli ngokwaneleyo." Le nto ingaba "phakathi" ukuba ingqondo ingatsho imiphunga ukuba iphefumule, njengalapho iphantsi kwe-anesthesia, ngenxa yengozi okanye ukulimala kwentloko, njengempembelelo yamacandelo intlungu, okanye ukusabela kwiziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Inokuthi "ibe yimizila" ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemimoya ephazamisa ukuphefumla, njengokuba kuqhuma umzimba (xa umzimba wasemzini ungeniswa kwi-trachea okanye i-airways enkulu emiphakeni), ukucwina, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukubanjwa komzimba xa ukuphefumula kukuyeka .
Iingxaki zeHypoxia yeAnemic
- I-anemia nayiphi na isizathu: Oku kungabandakanya ukusilela kwe-anemia ye-iron , i-anemia ephazamisayo kunye ne-chemotherapy-induced anemia .
- Umonakalo: Ukunyuka kwegazi kunokubonakala, kubangelwa kukulimala okwenziwe ngengozi, okanye kufihlwe ngenxa yokuphuma kwamanzi ngaphakathi.
- I-Methemoglobinemia: I- Methemoglobbinemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypoxia ebumbene, i-hemoglobin engaqhelekanga ayibopheli kakuhle i-oksijeni.
- I-Carbon monoxide yetyhefu: I- hemoglobin ayikwazi ukubopha i-oxygen.
Iimbangela ze-Circulatory / Hypoxia eziqhubekayo
- I-Edema: I- Edema , ukuvuvukala kwezicubu (ezifana nokusulela kwintliziyo engaphumeleli ), kunokunciphisa amandla oksijini ekhoyo egazini ukwenzela ukufikelela ezifanelekileyo iifom.
- I-hypokimia ye-Ischemic: Ukumisela ukuphuma kwegazi ethwele i-oksijini, kufana ne-clot kwi-artery coronary ( intliziyo yesifo ), kunokuthintela izicubu ukuba zithole umoya-mpilo.
Iimbangela ze-Histiotoxic Hypoxia
- Utyhefu
Uvavanya uDokotela wakho ngoMeyi
Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba aqonde kakuhle ukuba kutheni ufumana iimpawu ze-oksijeni ephantsi (izinga eliphantsi le-oksijini kwiimfucu zakho,) Nangona i-hypoxia yakho iyabonakala, i-laboratory kunye nezifundo ze-radiological esetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwisizathu esona siphumo sempawu zakho. Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa ukuba unayo i-hypoxia zibandakanya:
- I-Oximetry (ene-pulsi oximeter) ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba le-oksijini egazini lakho.
- Iigesi zegazi ezihlaziyiweyo ukuvavanya isimo sakho sokuphefumula nesimo somzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Iimvavanyo zeebhanki ezithatyathwayo Mya Faka inani elipheleleyo legazi ( CBC ) ukujonga i-anemia (inani elibomvu lentsholongwane yegazi) okanye iimpawu zentsholongwane.
- EKG ukujonga nayiphi na impawu yomonakalo wentliziyo, okanye intliziyo engavumelekanga.
- X-ray okanye i- CT yesifuba sakho ukujonga izifo zamaphaphu, i-pneumothorax, okanye usulelo.
- I-bronchoscopy ukukhangela umzimba wangaphandle okanye esinye isizathu sokukhupha kwi-airways, njenge-tumor.
- CT okanye i-MRI yentloko yakho ukukhangela ubuchopho obungalunganga obunokuphelisa ukuphefumla njengama-tumors, ukuphuma kwegazi okanye ukubetha.
- I-Echocardiogram ukwenzela ukugcina intshukumo yentliziyo kunye nokujonga umonakalo okanye ukungavumelekanga entliziyweni okanye kwiintliziyo zevilves.
Unyango
Unyango lwe-hypoxia luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko ebangela. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko kunye neendlela ezichaphazela ezo meko, phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo. "inxalenye yokuphela" imbonakalo ihlala ihluke ngokufanayo.
Nangona wena kunye nogqirha bakho basebenzisane ndawonye ukuze baqaphele isizathu, unokuncoma unyango lwe-oksijini ukuba unomphefumlo omncinci okanye uneminye impawu ebonisa i-hypoxia ephakathi. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, umoya wokungenisa umoya ngefenisi kunokufuneka.
Ngamaxesha athile unyango lwe-oksijeni lusetshenziselwa i-hypoxia. Amanqanaba okwandisa oksijini anikezelwe phantsi kwengcinezelo ngamanye amaxesha angathuthukisa ukunyuswa kwamathambo ngendlela engenakwenzeka.
> Umthombo:
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.