Iimpawu kunye nokungafani
Ngaba ukhathazekile ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu? Ekubeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu uphepheka kakhulu kwizigaba zokuqala zesi sifo, ukufumana umdlavuza ngokukhawuleza kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokukwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba ukukhwehlela kungenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa. Oko kwathiwa, kukho impawu kunye neempawu kunye nemingcipheko eyenza kube lula ukuba ukukhwehlela kungabonakalisa uphawu lomhlaza wemiphunga .
Yintoni omele uyayazi ukuba ukhwehlela?
Iintlobo Zentlaka
I-Chronic Chronic vs Acute and Productive vs Non-Productive
Ubuncinane isiqingatha sabantu abanokufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu banomkhuhlane ongapheliyo ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Umkhwehlela ongapheli uchazwa njengengqungquthela ehlala ubuncinane kwiiveki ezisibhozo ezilandelelanayo , kwaye abaninzi abantu bathi banomkhwehlela ongeke uhambe. Ukukhwehlela kungabomile, okanye unokukhuphaza i-mucus (ebizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane ovelisayo). Kungenzeka nanini nayiphi na imini, kwaye abaninzi abantu bathi ukuphazamisa ubuthongo, okubangelwa ukukhathala kwamini. Ukukhwehlela kunokuba kufane neempawu abantu abaye babe nazo ngexesha elidlulileyo ngenxa yokugula okanye i-bronchitis, kwaye ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba kuqala ukuba umntu akhathazeke ngomhlaza.
Ezinye iziMpawu eziHlanganiswe nesiChamo
Ukuvela kweempawu ezongezelelweyo kunokunyusa amathuba okuba ukukhwehlela kuyingozi. Izifundo zikhangele abantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga ukuze bafumane ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezikhoyo kunyaka ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.
Olu phando lufumene ukuba iimpawu ezilandelayo zizimela ngokuzimela ngomhlaza wamaphaphu:
- Ukuhlamba igazi . Ukuhlamba igazi (elibizwa nangokuthi i-hemoptysis) kungabonakalisa isibonakaliso somhlaza wemiphunga, kwaye ngokwenene yimiqondiso kuphela ekhoyo kwiipesenti ezi-7 zabantu ngexesha loxilongo. Oku kudla nje kuphela inani elincinci legazi, njengesixhobo segazi, kodwa naluphi na umthamo wecala lokubulala igazi kufuneka lihlolwe ngenyameko ngugqirha wakho.
- Ukuphefumula okufutshane . Ukuphefumla okufutshane (okubizwa nangokuthi i-dyspnea) inokuba yinto efihlakeleyo ekuqaleni. Abantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bathi baqale baxotha le mpawu ngenxa yokuphila okanye ukukhula. Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula okufutshane kukudla ngokubonakalayo nje ngomsebenzi, njengokunyuka kwezitepsi.
- Intlungu yesifuba . Abantu abaninzi bavakalisa ukuba baziva ubuhlungu bemiphunga ngaphambi kokuba bafumane ukuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. Imiphunga ayinayo imizwa evezwa intlungu, kodwa intlungu ingaba ngenxa yomsinga we-tumor kwiiswini, intlungu kwiimbambo ezisuka kumdlavuza oye wasasaza amathambo, iintlobo ze-muscle (okanye nokuba zintambo zintambo) ukukhwehlela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi. Ubuhlungu obwenzeka ngomoya ojulile wabiza ubuhlungu besifuba se-pleuritic okanye i-pleurisy, buqhelekile kubantu abavavanyelwa ukuba banomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukuthuka . Abanye abantu baziva bexhala phambi kokuba baxilongwe. Oku kunokubangelwa ukukhwehlela, kodwa kungakho ngenxa yezinto ezinjenge-tumor ecinezelayo kwiimbilini eziya kwiintambo zezwi.
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga . Ukulahleka kwesisindo okanye ukulahleka xa ungezame kungabonakalisa uphawu lomhlaza wamaphaphu. Ukulahleka kobunzima obungenasiseko kuchazwa njengelahleko lama-5 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwesisindo somzimba kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-12; ama-7.5 iipounds kwi-150-pound person. Kukho ezinye izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokufumana oku kwaye kufuneka uhlale ugqirha ugqirha ukuba ubunzima bakho buyeke, nangona uvuyayo ukubona i-scale ihamba phantsi.
- Izifo zokuphefumula . Izifo eziphindaphindiweyo ezifana ne-pneumonia ne-bronchitis ziqhelekile ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza wemiphunga ufumaneke. Abantu abaninzi abafumana ukuba nomhlaza wemiphunga bathi iimpawu zabo zaxoshwa kuqala, nokuba ngabagqirha, ngenxa yokubanda, i-bronchitis, okanye ezinye izifo. Abanye baphathwa ngeziganeko ezininzi ze-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia ngaphambi kokuba ukuxilongwa kugqitywe. Xa izikhumba zeemiphunga zikhula kufuphi ne-airways, zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okuphakamisa umngcipheko walezifo.
- Ukuyeka ukuyeka ukutshaya . Kufunyenwe ukuba inani elininzi labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banciphisa inani lababhegi ababhema, okanye bayeka ukutshaya phambi kokuba baxilwe-kaninzi banemiqondiso embalwa yokuhoxiswa. Isizathu salo singacacanga, kodwa sinokuxhamla ukuzama ukunciphisa uphawu lokukhwehlela, okanye ukwesaba okungakhange kwenziwe ukuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Asazi ukuba kutheni le nto yenzeka, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iisifo zamagciwane emiphunga zivelisa iikhemikhali ezinciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-nicotine. Ukuba awuzange ukwazi ukuyeka ngaphambili, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kubonakala kulula, xela ugqirha wakho.
Izinto zobungozi
Eminye imingcipheko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , umzekelo, ukutshaya nokutshatyalaliswa komsi weselula, kuyaziwa kakuhle, kanti ezinye azikho. Kuba abantu abaye batshaya, abanomnye umngcipheko unokuba ngaphezu kokuncedisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa nokuchaswa kwe-asbestos kunye nokubhema ugwayi kukuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu ngaphezu kokuba ungeze kunye nomngcipheko ngamnye ngalunye. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:
- Ukutshaya ngoku okanye kwixesha elidlulileyo . Ngokuqinisekileyo ukutshaya ngumngcipheko wokuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, malunga nama-80 ekhulwini abantu abavavanywa ukuba baneembali zokutshaya ngexesha elithile. Nangona kunjalo, iipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abafumana ukuba nomhlaza wemiphunga namhlanje ababheki; mhlawumbi babeshushu okanye bangabikho. Ngelishwa, ngokungafani nesifo senhliziyo esihlahla ngokukhawuleza xa umntu eshiya ukutshaya, umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu awuyi kubuya oqhelekileyo. Nangona uphefumla kwixesha elide, qiniseka ukukhankanya lo ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuboniswa kwiRadon . Ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon ekhaya kuyona yesibini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye neyona nto ibangela abantu abangabhemi. Kucingelwa ukuba amanqanaba e-radon aphakanyisiwe kwenye yezindlu ezili-15 e-United States. Ukuba izinga lakho alizange lihlolwe, yenza oku kunye nokwenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho. (Ngokomzekelo onzima, abafazi abangama-40,000 bafa ngomhlaza wamaphaphu ngamnye ngonyaka e-US kunye nabangama-27,000 abafa kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Umsi wesibini . Kucingelwa ukuba umsi womsiza ubhalisela ama-7,000 amacala omhlaza womphunga eMelika ngamnye ngonyaka.
- Imbali yentsapho yomhlaza wamaphaphu . I- genetic predisposition to ummdlavuza wamaphaphu inokusebenza kwiintsapho. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakala kubantu abangabonakaliyo, kubantu abaselula, nakwabasetyhini. Ukuba nomama, uyise, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana onembali yomhlaza wamaphaphu uphinda ubangele umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa eso sifo.
- Izaphulo kwisifuba . Ukunyanga kwamayeza, njengomhlaza wesifuba okanye isifo sikaHodgkin kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukutyhila kweJob . Ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi kwiikhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto, ezifana ne-asbestos, i-diesel fuel, kunye nokunye, kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye ubonwa njengento engama-27 engama-cancer yamaphaphu emadodeni.
Ukuxilongwa kweCough e-Can Can be Lung Cancer
Ngamanye amaxesha isifo se-X-ray siya kufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nangona unesifubeni x-ray esandul 'ukuqhelekileyo, usenokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-chest x-rays zenzelwe ukukhenkcela abantu ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kwafunyanwa ukuba ii-ray-ray zahluleka ukufumana umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngexesha elide ngokwaneleyo lokugcina ubomi.
Ayikwazi ukugqithisa ukuba i- chest x-rays ikwazi ukukhumbula umdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ukuba unempawu ezinokuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga, soloko ucela isifuba se-CT. Kukho inkoliso yamabali ngaphandle apho abantu baqinisekiswa ukuba i-x-ray yabo esifubeni yayiqhelekileyo, kuphela ukuba bafunde kamva ukuba banomdlavuza wamaphaphu (nangenxa yokulibaziseka okubangelwa yi-x-ray evamile, kunokukwenza umehluko phakathi Umhlaza wesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye nomnye oye wasasazeka kwaye awusayi kunyanga).
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2015 eDenmark lufumene ukuba abantu abaninzi banama-2 okanye ngaphezulu "okuqhelekileyo" esifubeni x-rays kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-90 esandulela ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga. I-scan scan iyadingeka ukuba kukho nayiphi na inkxalabo. Njengebhonasi eyongeziweyo, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kula bantu bafumene nezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezazilahlekelwe kwi-x-ray esifubeni.
ukuhlola
Nini ukubiza uDokotela wakho
Ukuba unomkhuhlane oqhubekayo-nangona ungazange uphuze, ungenayo nayiphi na impawu, okanye ukholelwa ukuba kukho inkcazo efanelekileyo yokukhwehlela kwakho-yenza isiganeko sokubona ugqirha wakho. Ukuba wena kunye nogqirha wakho ukhuphazelekayo, i-CT scan, i- bronchoscopy , okanye ezinye iimvavanyo zingaphakanyiswa. Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka kwaye unayo inkcazelo, cinga ukufumana umbono wesibini . Abantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu bathi kukho ixesha elide lokuxilongwa kwabo, kwaye abanye bathi oogqirha abazange bathathe ngokungathandekiyo. Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba abangabhemiyo banokufumana umhlaza wamaphaphu , kwaye ngokwenene, ininzi (ewe, ngaphezu kwe-80 ekhulwini) yabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namhlanje abababheki okanye bayeke ukutshaya ngexesha elidlulileyo. Ngo-2018 umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho ababhemayo ngumdla wesithandathu oqhelekileyo wesifo somdlavuza e-United States.
Ngelixa sizama ukufumana ilizwi kubantu abangabhemiyo umhlaza womphunga unako kwaye uyenzeka kubantu abangabheki, kodwa abo bashushu bayayifuna le khumbuzi. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2016 lubonise ukuba abantu ababhemayo bancitshiswa kakhulu kunokuba abangabhemi bafune unyango lweempawu zokwazisa zomhlaza-umkhuhlane. Ukuba utshaya nokukhwehlela, unganqikazi ukubiza ugqirha wakho. Yaye khumbula, akukho mntu ufanele umhlaza wemiphunga. Ngamnye umntu, nokuba ayikazange afune ukutshaya okanye afune ukutshaya ubomi bawo bonke, ufanelwe ukukhathazeka ngakumbi, imfesane, kunye nokunyamekela ngononophelo lomhlaza.
Kwalabo abaye bavutha kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokukhetha. Ukuba kwenziwe kuwo wonke umntu ofanelekileyo, kucinga ukuba ukuphonononga kunganciphisa umlinganiselo wokufa komhlaza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-30. Iimpawu zokujonga iquka:
- Imbali ye-pack pack ye-30 yokutshaya
- Ubudala phakathi ko-55 no-80
- Ukutshaya okanye ukuyeka emsebenzini kwiminyaka eyi-15 edluleyo.
Le nqobo, nangona kunjalo, ngabantu abangenayo impawu. Ukuba uhlahlela, yile mpawu efuna ukuphandwa.
Umtsalane weengozi
ISikhumbuzo iSelan Kettering inikeza isixhobo apho abantu abathile bangakwazi ukubala umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga. Yenzelwe abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-75 abatshitshisa okanye ababhembile kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngeli sixhobo, ucelwa ukuba usayine umyalelo wokukhutshwa komyalelo wokubonisa ukuba uyazi ukuba ayifaki indawo yonyango. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba eli lixhobo kuphela, kwaye lingahle lilahle umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu ngabanye, kwaye mhlawumbi ingaba ngaphezu kwezinga okanye ukuhlawula umngcipheko wakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Umhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuhlaziywa 02/08/18. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/index.htm
> Friedemann, S., Whitaker, K., Winstanley, K., kunye noJard Wardle. Ababhemayo bancipheko kunokuba abangabhemi bafune uncedo lomqondiso womhlaza womphunga 'uphawu'. Thorax . 2016 Feb 24. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
> Guldbrandt, L. Impembelelo yokuBhekiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Fast CT Scan kwi-Early Lung Cancer Detection in Practice General. I-Clinical, iCluster-Randomized Trial. IDanish Medical Journal . 2015. 62 (3): i-pii: B5027.
> Iven-Omofoman, B. et al. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zentlalo kunye noluntu lokuqala lweklinikhi ngokuqhelekileyo ukuchonga abantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga ngaphambili. Thorax . 2013. 68 (5): 451-9.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane yeeLungile (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Ukuhlaziywa 02/01/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all