Eziqhelekileyo, eziNyukayo, kunye nokuNciphisa amaRiphabhuliki aHloniphekileyo kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuphefumula, unokuba uzibuza ukuba, "Yiyiphi intsingiselo evamile yokuphefumula?" Masiqale ngokuthetha ngoluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuphefumula kwabadala nabantwana, indlela yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo le nqanaba, kwaye kuthini ukuba uthetha ukuba izinga aliqhelekanga.
Sibanzi
Izinga lokuphefumula lichazwa njengenani lokuphefumula umntu athabatha ngexesha lesigama esisodwa ngexesha lokuphumla.
Uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ukurekhoda okuchanekileyo kwezinga lokuphefumula kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaliseni iziganeko ezinzulu zonyango ; Uphando lubonisa ukuba amanyathelo okuphefumula ayenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko kufuneka abe njalo, ngoko yenziwe "umqondiso obalulekileyo ongenakuwukhathalela."
Ukulinganisa izinga lokuphefumula
Izinga lokuphefumula lilinganiswa ngokubala inani lokuphefumla umntu athatha ixesha elilodwa. Ekubeni izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela iziphumo, ukuqonda indlela yokwenza umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izinga kufuneka lilinganiswe ngokuphumla, kungekhona emva kokuba umntu ekhulile kwaye ehambahamba. Ukuqonda ukuba ukuphefumula kwakho kubalwa kunokukwenza ukuba iziphumo zingalungile, njengoko abantu bahlala beguqula indlela abaphefumulayo ngayo ukuba bayazi ukuba kuhlolwa. Abahlengikazi banamakhono ekunqobeni le ngxaki ngokubala ngokubala ukuphefumula, ukubukela inani lamaxesha okuphuma kwesifuba kunye nokuwa-ngokuqhelekileyo xa uzenza ngathi uthabatha ukutshiza.
Nangona ukurekhoda izinga lokuphefumula, ezinye iimpawu zeengxaki zokuphefumula nazo zingaqatshelwa. Ngaba isigulane okanye umthandi wakho akanakukhathazeka? Ingaba imisipha entanyeni yakhe iqiniswe njengoko iphefumula? (Ochwepheshe bezonyango babiza le " ukusetyenziswa kwemisipha yokufikelela " ukuphefumula.) Unokuva nawuphi na isondo okanye ezinye izandi zokuphefumula ezingavamile?
Ngaba ukuphefumula komntu kubonakala kubonakalisa intlungu okanye uxhalabhiso (njengokwenziwa kokuxhatshazwa okungahambi kunye nentlungu okanye ukwesaba?)
Yintoni Eyilinganisayo?
Inani lokuphefumula esiyithatha ngomzuzu luphawu lobunzima bethu obuthetha ukuba umzimba wethu uphefumule. Ukuba izinga le-oksijini egazini liphantsi, okanye ngokunye xa izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini liphezulu, umzimba wethu uyalelwa ukuba uphefumle rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane enkulu kwandisa i-carbon dioxide eyenziwa emzimbeni, ngoko ke nangona kukho izinga eliqhelekileyo le-oksijini egazini, ingqondo iyala umzimba ukuba uphefumle ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukucima i-carbon dioxide.
Kodwa kukho amaxesha apho le nkqubo ingasebenzi kakuhle, njengokuba abantu baphathwa ngamachiza e-narcotic. La mayeza ayenzi kakuhle ukuphendulwa kwengqondo ukuze asayine kwigazi, ngoko umntu unokuphefumla kangangoko kunokuba adinge. Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba kwalimala kwintloko okanye uhlangothi olonakalisa isikhungo sokuphefumula engqondweni.
IiRhafu eziHlomelo eziqhelekileyo kubantwana
Abantwana banamazinga okuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kunabantu abadala, kwaye izinga lokuphefumula "eliqhelekileyo" lingahluka ngokubanzi ngokweminyaka.
Iziqhelo eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumula kwabantwana bamaxesha ahlukeneyo ziquka:
- Usana olutsha: ukuphefumula okungama-30-60 ngomzuzu
- Iintsana (iinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-12): ukuphefumula kwe-30-60 ngomzuzu
- Umntwana osemncinci (1-2 iminyaka): Imiphefumlo engu-24-40 ngomzuzu
- Isikolo sokufunda (iminyaka emi-3-5): 22-34 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-6 ukuya kwe-12: 18-30 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu
- Umntwana osemtsha (iminyaka eyi-13-17): 12-16 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu
Ukuphefumula Kwangaphakathi Kwabantwana
Iintsana zihlala zinezinga lokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kunabantwana asebekhulile, kwaye ziyakwazi ukubonakalisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-breathing periodic. Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza izinga lokuphefumula lomntwana lingahluka ngokubanzi; unokuba nexesha apho ephefumula ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo elandelwa yiminwe embalwa yokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba eqhelekileyo.
Ukubaluleka kokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza yileyo-ngelixa kunokutshatyalaza njengomzali-ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba umntwana wakho eneminye impawu ibonisa ukuba imeko yonyango.
IiRhafu eziHlomelo eziqhelekileyo kwiiNtloko
Njengabantwana, izinga lokuphefumula kufuneka lilinganiswe xa umntu ephumla kwaye akazange asebenze ngamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifom zokuphefumula zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.
Umyinge wesilinganiso sokuphefumula kumntu omdala uphila phakathi kwe-12 no-18 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu.
Ukuphuza ngexesha elide kubantu abadala
Ngokuphambene nokuphefumla kwexesha kubantwana, olunye uhlobo lokuphefumula ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi- Cheyne-Stokes ukuphefumla kungatholakala kubantu abadala kwaye akuqhelekanga. Kungenzeka kubangelwe ukuhluleka kwentliziyo, ukutyhefuza kwe-carbon monoxide, i-sodium ephantsi kwigazi (hyponatremia), ukuphakama phezulu, okanye kwiinqanaba zokugqibela zokufa.
Iimali eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumula
Bobabini ukunyuka kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula kungabonakalisa ukuba into ethile iyinto emzimbeni. Isilinganiso esingavumelekanga sisoloko singathandabuzekiyo, nto ithetha ukuba kukho izimbangela ezininzi zombini ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya esicothayo. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba uqaphele ukuba izigaba eziqhelekileyo ziza kubakho abantu. Iindleko zokuphefumula zivame ukunyuka ngexesha loqeqesho.
Ukunyuka kwamazinga okuphefumula
Yintoni ephezulu yokuphefumula? Kubantu abadala, i-cut off isithathwa njengezinga lokuphefumula ngaphezulu kwe-20 ngomzuzu, ngesantya sokuphefumula okungaphezu kwe-24 ngomzuzu obonisa imeko enzulu kakhulu (xa ihambelana nesimo somzimba kunokuba imeko yengqondo njengokwesaba hlaselwa).
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, izinga lokuphefumula luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokuphefumula lalingummiselo ongcono kwabanye abantu abazinzileyo ngokungaqinisekiyo kunezinga lentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Zininzi izimbangela zokunyuka kwezinga, ezinye zihlobene nemiphunga kunye nezinye ezingekho. Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Fever - Inqanaba elinyukayo lokuphefumula ngentsholongwane ngumzamo womzimba wokulahlekelwa ngumlilo ngokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubalulekile kokubili kuba izinga lokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza lingaba ngumqondiso wesifo esiyingozi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane kufuneka ulandelwe ngokuchazela izinga lokuphefumula. Kucingwa ukuba izinga lokuphefumula landa kwabantwana kwimilinganiselo emihlanu ukuya kweyisixhenxe ukuphefumula ngcaciso ngomzuzu ngeqondo lokuphakama kwe-Celsius ekushiseni komzimba. Kubantwana abancinci (abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala) oku akusoloko kubonisa ukuba kunjalo, kwaye abantwana abanakho ukunyuka kwezinga lokuphefumula ekuphenduleni umkhuhlane kunye nangoko. Xa benokunyusa izinga lokuphefumula, ngokuqhelekileyo landa kwinqanaba elisixhenxe ukuya kwelishumi elinesibini ngompu ngomlinganiselo we-Celsius ekushiseni.
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi - Ukutywa kwamanzi kwedwa kungabangela ukukhawuleza kokuphefumula.
- I-asthma - Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma, izinga lokuphefumula livame ukwanda. Nangona ukunyuka okuncinci kwinqanaba lokuphefumula kungabonakalisa ukuba kubi, kwaye izinga lokuphefumula kufuneka lijongwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba ngaba kunjalo.
- I-COPD - Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheliyo sesifo esiyingozi sisisiseko esiqhelekileyo somlinganiselo wokuphefumula, ngokukodwa kubantu abanomlando wokutshaya.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Hyperventilation - Abantu bangaphefumla ngokukhawuleza ngokuphendula uxinzelelo, intlungu, umsindo okanye ngexesha lokuhlasela.
- Lung Iimeko - ezinjengomdlavuza wamaphaphu , i- pulmonary emboli (i-blood clots kwimilenze eya emaphafini), kunye nezinye izifo zamaphaphu zivame ukuphakamisa izinga lokuphefumula.
- Izifo - Izifo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekanga ezinjengomkhuhlane, imiphunga ye-pneumonia, kunye nesifo sofuba sinokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.
- Kwiintsana eziqhelekileyo, izizathu eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane yokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza ziquka i- tachypnea ehambayo yintsana (TTN) -yimeko embi-kwakunye neemeko ezinzulu kakhulu, ezifana nesifo sokuphefumula kwesifo.
- I-Acidosis - Ukwanda kwe-acidity yegazi kubangelwa ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide, kwaye ngoko ke ukwanda kwezinga lokuphefumla. Oku kuya kwenzeka xa umntu enesimo esibangela ukuba i-acidosis ye-metabolic efana nesifo sikashukela ( isifo sikashukela se-ketoacidosis ).
- Ukugqithisa - Njenge -overdose ye-aspirin okanye i-amphetamines.
- Iimeko zeentliziyo - Iqondo lokuphefumula eliphakamileyo lifunyenwe kwisifundo esisodwa ukuba kubekho ukubethelwa kwenhliziyo kubantu ababhedlele ngeemeko zentliziyo.
Kubantwana, izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokunyusa izinga lokuphefumula zibandakanya umkhuhlane okanye ukungcola. Iimeko ezifana ne- bronchiolitis kunye ne- pneumonia zibangelwa zizizathu eziqhelekileyo. Abantwana banokuba nezizathu zokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza okufana nabantu abadala, njenge-acidosis (nesifo sikashukela) kunye nesifo se-asthma.
Ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula
Ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula, elichazwe njengezinga elingaphantsi kwe-12 ngamanye, okanye ngaphantsi kweemibhobho ezisibhozo ngomzuzu ngabanye, lunokuba ngumqondiso wokukhathazeka. (Qaphela, kubantwana abaye banciphisa izinga lokuphefumula basenokuhlala bephakamileyo ngokumalunga nabantu abadala, kwaye kufuneka bahumushe ngokusekelwe kumanani aphakathi okubhaliweyo apha ngentla.) Ezinye izizathu zezinga eliphantsi liquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa - Ezinye iimyeza ezinjengezonyango-nokuba zenziwe kwiinjongo zonyango okanye ngokungekho mthethweni-ziyakunciphisa ukuphefumula.
- Utywala - Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula.
- I-Metabolic - Inqanaba lokuphefumula lingancipha ukuze kulungelelaniswe imiphumo yeenkqubo ezingavumelekanga kwi-body.
- Ukulala ngomoya wokulala - Nge- apnea yokulala , abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-apnea kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula elixutywe neengqungquthela zokuphakama okuphezulu.
- Iimeko zobunongo - Ukulimala kwengqondo, njengemivimbo kunye nokulimala kwentloko kubangelwa ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula.
I-Dyspnea: Uvakalelo lwe-Breath Short Breath
Kubalulekile ukwenza inqaku elikhawulezayo lokuba izinga lokuphefumla lihluke kwivakalelo zokuphefumula. Ngamanye amaxesha isantya sokuphefumula sinokuchaphazela ukuba umntu ongenayo i-dyspneic, okanye ukuphefumla okufutshane, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akanako. Omnye unokuziva ephefumlelwe ngokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akanakuvakalelwa kukuphefumla ngezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokuphefumula.
Terminology
Iingcali zonyango zisebenzisa amagama amaninzi ukuchaza amazinga okuphefumula angavamile. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-Bradypnea - i-Bradypnea ligama lonyango elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukuphefumula okungaqhelekanga.
- I-Tachypnea - iTachypnea ligama lonyango elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza izinga eliphezulu lokuphefumula. Esi siphumo sokuphefumula esiphuthumayo asiqhelekanga, ngokubhekisele kwi-hyperpnea ekwazi ukukhawuleza kunye nezulu.
- UDyspnea - Dyspnea ibhekisela kwivalelo yokuphefumula okufutshane , kwaye iyakwenzeka ngezinga eliphakamileyo, eliqhelekileyo okanye eliphantsi lokuphefumula.
- I-Hyperpnea - Hyperpnea ibhekisela ekuphefumla okungaqhelekanga kwaye ibonakala isebenza. Kungenzeka okanye ngaphandle kokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.
- UApnea - uApnea uthetha "ukuphefumula" kwaye uthetha ukungabikho kokuphefumla.
Nini ukubiza uDokotela wakho
Ngokuqinisekileyo, isantya sokuphefumula esingavamile sinesizathu sokuqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho, ingakumbi ukuba unesimo esifana nesifo se-asthma okanye isifo senhliziyo, njengokunyuka kwezinga lokuphefumula yedwa kunokubonisa isilumkiso. Ngelo xesha, abaqeqeshi bezempilo kufuneka baqaphele oku kudla ngokungahoywa umqondiso obalulekileyo. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ukulinganisa izinga lokuphefumula malunga nexesha lokukhupha kwigumbi lokuxakeka kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kulungele ukutshabalalisa emva kokukhutshwa.
ILizwi
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bacinga kuqala ngo-pulse okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, sifunda ukuba ukulinganisa izinga lokuphefumula kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kungenjalo i-moreso. Ngokuqinisekileyo, izinga lokuphefumula liyakuchukumiseka ukuba uyazi ukuba izinga lokuphefumula lilinganiselwa, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ababoneleli bezempilo babe nobuchule ngokulinganisa le nqanaba. Bobabini ukwanda kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula kungabonakalisa isibonakaliso sokubangela izimo zonyango kwaye kufuneka kuthotyelwe.
Kubalulekile ukuphinda ugxininise ukungafani okona phakathi kwezinga eliqhelekileyo lokuphefumula labantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Abo banakekela abantwana kufuneka bazifundele ezi zigaba, kwaye uqaphele xa ukuphefumla kukhawuleza okanye kunciphise.
> Imithombo:
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> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, kunye noWaldo E. Nelson. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
> Mochizuki, K., Shintani, R., Mori, K. et al. Ukubaluleka Kwezinga Lokuphefumula Lokubhengezwa Kwezonyango eziKhuselekileyo Emva kokuKhutshwa kweSebe eliKhuselekileyo: I-Single-Centre, I-Case-Control Study. Ugqirha ogqithiseleyo kunye noPhephelo . 2017. 4 (2): 172-178.
> O'Leary, F., Haven, A., Lockie, F., noJe Peat. Ukuchaza iiRanges eziqhelekileyo kunye neentente zeNtliziyo kunye neendawo zokuphefumula kwiiNtwana kunye nabantwana: Isifundo esiphezulu seSigcino sabathengi abaya kwi-Australia ephakamileyo. IiNgxelo zeZifo ebuntwaneni . 2015. 100 (8): 733-7.
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