Ingxaki yokuphefumula ineempembelelo zeMpilo ebalulekileyo, unyango oluphumelelayo
Ukufelwa kwe-apnea yinto eqhelekileyo echaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMelika. Ingxaki yokuphefumula engapheliyo apho umntu eyeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphefumula ebusuku kungabangelwa ngumqobo (okanye ukuwa) kwendlela ephezulu , echaphazela isiseko seelwimi kunye nesilwanyana esithambileyo.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ngenxa yesignali ecindezelekileyo esuka kwi-brainstem ukuze iqalise umoya.
Ezi ziganeko ziphezu kwemizuzwana engama-10 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye zinokuvela ngamakhulu amaxesha ngobusuku. Umntu onomphefumlo obuthongo obuthongweni unokufumana ukugubha okukhulu, ukuyeka okufutshane ukuphefumla, kunye nokuphefumula. Ngeziganeko ze-apnea, izinga le-oksijini yegazi lihla, intliziyo yanda, kwaye ubuthongo buphazamiseka xa umntu ochaphazelekayo evuka ukuze aphinde aphefumule. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni komgangatho wobuthongo, umsebenzi wosuku, kunye nempilo yonke.
Iintlobo zeeNtlu
I-apnea yokulala ibinzana eliqhelekileyo elibandakanya nayiphi na ingxaki edala ukuphefumula ngexesha lokulala. Inokuchaphazela umntu kunoma yiphina iminyaka, kodwa ukusabalalisa kwe-apnea yokulala kwanda ngaphezu kwexesha eliphakathi. Kukho ezimbalwa iintlobo ezincinane, kubandakanywa:
Ukulala nge-apnea akuyona yodwa ingxaki ekhokelela ekuphefumuleni ubunzima ngexesha lokulala. Kukho ezinye iimbambano ezingabangela ikhefu elipheleleyo ekuphefumla kodwa kusenokuba yingxaki, njengale:
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amanqanaba e-oksijeni angahle aphule ngexesha lokulala xa umsebenzi wephunga uphatyiswa ngenxa yesifo se-pulmonary, kwaye oku kuya kufuna unyango oluhlukileyo.
Iimpawu
Ngaphandle kwimiqathango yokuphefumula okuqhelekileyo yintlupheko, kukho ezinye ezininzi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokulala ngomoya wokulala.
Ezi zimpawu zingabandakanya:
- I-loud, i-snoring engapheliyo
- Ukukhethwa okanye ukugaya ngexesha lokulala
- AmaNgqina ayayeka ukuphefumla ngexesha lokulala
- Ukukhupha rhoqo ukuvuthwa (i- nocturia )
- Amazinyo agaya okanye adibanise ( bruxism )
- Umile umlomo okanye umlomo xa uvuswa
- Iintsimbi zephulo ebusuku okanye intlawulo yenhliziyo
- Ukukhupha ebusuku
- Ukuhlwaya kwentlungu
- Ukuvuswa kwamaxesha okulala nokulala
- Ukulala ngokugqithiseleyo kwemini
- Ikhanda lomusi
- Imemori yesikhashana okanye iingxaki zokufunda
- Uvakalelwa ngumsindo
- Ukugxininisa okanye ukunyamekela
- Utshintsho kwimvakalelo, kuquka ukucindezeleka
Akuzona zonke ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe khona ukuba imeko ibe khona, kwaye abantwana abane-apnea yokulala bangabonisa izikhalazo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana neengxaki zokukhula, ukunqongophala kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa komzimba, nokulala ubuthongo.
Izizathu
Kukho izimbalwa ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwezifo zokulala zomoya kunye neemeko ezingenza kube nzima ngakumbi, kuquka:
- Ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa (kubandakanywa nesayizi enkulu yentamo )
- I-anatomy yangaphandle ye-airway engenakuqhelekanga (kuquka i- septum ehlukileyo )
- Ukusebenzisa imithi, iziyobisi, okanye utywala
- Ukuguga
- Ukulala emva
- REM okanye uphupha ubuthongo
- Ukutshaya
Ukongezelela, i-central apnea yokulala ingenzeka ngenxa yokubetha, ukusilela intliziyo, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza ye-narcotic okanye i-opioid. I-apnea yokulala yinkimbinkimbi iyenzeka ngonyango oluthile.
Ziyinto Eqhelekileyo
Ukupheka kwe-apnea kuyenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa i-apnea yokulala ichazwa njengokuba kuneziganeko ezingaphezu kwezi-5 ze-apneic ngeyure ezenza izibonakaliso (njengobuthongo obuninzi bemini), ngoko-ke abantu abangama-2 ukuya kwe-9 ekhulwini baya kuba ne-apnea yokulala. Xa kuchazwa ukuba kuneziganeko ezingaphezu kwezi-5 ze-apneic ngeyure ngaphandle kweempawu ezizimeleyo, ubuninzi be-9-24% kubemi bonke. Ngenxa yokuba iingxaki ze-cardiovascular sleep apnea ziyenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba zikhona iimpawu zemini ezifana nokulala, ekugqibeleni kuthathwa njengenyani.
Ukukhula kwanda ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwe-45 ubudala kwaye kufinyelela kwi-plateau ukususela kwiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala.
Ukuba umntu uya kuhlakulela i-apnea yokulala, baya kwenza njalo ngaloo minyaka. Kuphantse kabini ejwayelekile kubantu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-apnea yokulala kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwimbali echanekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngumgqirha oqeqeshiwe, oqeqeshiwe. Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lufezekiswa ngokusetyenzwa kweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokuxilonga , ezinokubandakanya:
- Polysomnography
- I-Home Sleep Apnea Testing
- Ukuhlolwa Kwamaxesha Okulala KwangokuLingana (MSLT)
- Ukulondolozwa kovavanyo lokuvuka (MWT)
- Overnight Oximetry
- I-Epworth Sleepiness Scale
- Ukulala
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba uvavanyo lwe-apnea lwasekhaya lokulala okanye i-polysomnogram ye-diagnostic eyenziwa kwiziko lokuvavanya kuphela iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ukufumanisa i-apnea yokulala.
Unyango
Ukuphulukana ne-apnea yokulala ingaphathwa kakuhle ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaninzi abantu baya kuvivinywa kwixinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-airway (CPAP) . Oku kufuna ukuba ukhethe i-mask ye-CPAP . Kukho unyango ofanayo olubizwa ngokuba yi- bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa. Kungathatha ixesha ukusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango, kwaye kukho izikhokelo ezinokukunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki . Kukho indawo yokuhlala njengento yokunqanda umlomo . Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina i-CPAP yakho ihlambulukile . Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kwe-CPAP .
Kulabo abangenako ukunyamezela i-CPAP, kukho ezinye iindlela zokwelapha kwi-CPAP . Ezi ziquka izixhobo zomlomo , unyango lwengqondo, okanye uphando . Kwezinye iimeko, xa ubuthongo obuninzi bemini busaphila naphezu kwonyango, ukuvuselela okunjengeRitalin, Provigil , kunye noNovigil kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukuphatha ukulala. Nokuba ezinye iindlela ezifana nokudlala i-didgeridoo ziye zaboniswa ukuba zonyango olusebenzayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana inzuzo kwi-caffeine okanye nakwi- naps ehleliweyo. Njengamaxesha onke, abantu abaneengxaki zokulala bazuza xa bebona izikhokelo zokulala ezingcono .
Iziphumo Ukuba Ukungabikho Kwangabonakaliyo
Kukho imiphumo emibi - kuquka ababulalayo- ukungaphathi kakubi kwe-apnea yokulala, njengale:
- Ukuhlaselwa okanye ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic
- Isifo senhliziyo saseCoronary
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo
- Intliziyo engavumelekanga
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Ukuguquka komlilo kunye ne-reflux
- Sikashukela
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile
- Ingxaki yokuxininisa kunye nenkumbulo (ukugula komzimba)
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Ukufa ngokukhawuleza
Kukho imiphumo eyahlukileyo yokugonjwa kwe-apnea kubantwana , okungabandakanya ukungahambi kakuhle , ukukhula kancinci, kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo.
Isiphelo
Ukupheka kwesifo se-apnea sisifo esiqhelekileyo esibandakanya ukuyeka ukuphefumla okwenzeka ngexesha lokulala. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-apnea yokulala, kwaye inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile. Iimpawu eziphumo ziquka ukulala ngokugqithiseleyo kwemini, kodwa kunokukhokelela-nokuba yingozi-nemiphumo. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela ukulala kwe-apnea okanye ukwenza kube nzima. Ukuxilongwa ngokuxhomekeka kuncike kwimbali echanekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngugqirha kunye nesifundo sokulala njengesivivinyo se-apnea sokulala ekhaya okanye i-polysomnogram ephakathi. Unyango lunokuthi lufezekiswe ngokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwengqondo (CPAP) okanye ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezifana nezitya zomlomo okanye utyando. Kukho indawo yokuhlala ethile ekufuneka ihlelwe ukuze kuthotyelwe ukuthotyelwa kweyeza. Ngenhlanhla, i-apnea yokulala ingaphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngempumelelo neziphumo ezilungileyo.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy yoLondolozo lweMpilo. "Ukwahlukana ngamazwe ngamazwe okuphazamiseka kokulala: Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye nekhowudi." Wesi-2. 2005.
I-Collop, N. "Umphumo wokuphazamiseka kokugula okuphazamisayo kwiimeko zokugula ezingapheliyo." I-Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine . 2007 74: 1.
Durmer, J et al. "Iingcali zokulala zonyango." I-American Academy ye-Neurology Continuum. 2007; 153-200.
Epstein, LJ et al. "Isikhokelo sezonyango zokuhlola, ukulawula, kunye nokunyamekela kwexesha elide lokuphefumula ukulala ngendlala kubantu abadala." J Clin Sleep Med. 2009; 5: 263.
UJennum, uP et al. "I-Epidemiology yokulala kwe-apnea / hypopnoea syndrome nokuphefumula okuphazamisekile." I-Eur Respir J. 2009; 33: 907.