Kulabo baneziphumo ezibangelwa zizifo zokulala, ezininzi iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ziyafumaneka ezikhokelela ekuqondeni kangcono into engaba yingxaki. Makhe sixoxe ngokukhetha.
Overnight Oximetry
I-oximight oximetry yenye yezinto ezilula kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, izifundo zokuqala zokulala ezingenziwa. Iquka ukusetyenziswa kweprojekthi (efana ne-clothespin) eguguwe ngomunwe okanye i-earlobe eqhubekayo ijonganisa amanqanaba e-oxygen kunye nentlawulo yenhliziyo.
Oku kufezwe ngokukhanya okubomvu kunye nenzwa ebonisa ukuba utshintsho lombala wegazi olungabonisa ukuba i-desaturations (okanye ukulahleka kwe-oksijeni) kwenzeka.
Olu vavanyo luya kwenziwa rhoqo ekhaya ngelixa lilele. Ingabonakalisa abantu abasengozini yokuphefumula ebusuku. njenge- apnea yokulala , kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga abo bafuna ukuvandlakanywa okongeziweyo, okufana ne-polysomnogram.
Polysomnography (PSG)
Oku kubanzi kuthathwa njengomgangatho wegolide wokuxilongwa kwezifo zokulala. Kuquka ukutyelela kwisiko lokulala, esinokubandakanywa kwamagumbi akhethwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisibhedlele, ielabhu yokulala, okanye kwindlu ehotele. Ezi zifundo zokulala zibandakanya ukuhlala ubusuku obujongwa ngumcuphi oqeqeshiwe.
Iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zomzimba zijongwa ngelixa umntu elele, kuquka i- EEG , i-EKG, ukuphefumla, ama-oksijeni, ithoni ye-muscle, kunye neyesiso kunye nokuhamba.
Kukho ividiyo kunye nokurekhoda komsindo okunika ingxelo yokulala ubusuku. Ezi mvavanyo ziyakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ezininzi zokulala- ezivela ku- apnea yokulala ekuphumeni kweemilenze zesifo se-parasomnias-kwaye zinokuba luncedo ekulawuleni ezinye izimbangela zokulala .
Study Titration
I-Titration ene-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) isenziwa rhoqo ngexesha lobusuku obufana ne-polysomnogram ye-diagnostic (PSG) ukugcina ixesha lokulinda, ukunciphisa iindleko kwisigulane, nokuphatha i-apnea yokulala ngokukhawuleza.
Unyango lwangaphambili lunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-cardiovascular of apnea yokulala . Ngamafutshane, i-technician iya kwandisa ingcinezelo yeCPAP (igumbi elincinciweyo lomoya lingekho i-oxygen) elithunyelwa kwi-mask ephosa kwizinga eliqhelisa amaninzi okanye zonke iziqephu zokuphefumula. Olu nqanaba loxinzelelo lwe-CPAP luya kumiselwa unyango lwekhaya.
Isigulane sivame ukuqala ubusuku ngokucinezelwa kwe-CPAP okanye i-bilevel. Njengoko umntu elala, baya kuhlolwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla. Nayiphi na i-hypopneas, imicimbi ye-apneic, okanye i-snoring izokubangela ukuba uchwephelo wokulala ulungele umxinzelelo womshini we-CPAP kude. Kwakhona, loo mntu uya kujongwa kwixinzelelo eliphezulu. Injongo kukunciphisa i-apnea kunye neziganeko ze-hypopnea kunye nokuphelisa ukunqanda.
Kwakulungele ukuba isigulane sibe nesigxina esiphezulu sophezulu (ngasemva kwabo) kwaye ngexesha lokuhamba kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala. Le miqathango mibini iya kubakhokelela ekuphefumuleni kokulala , ngoko ke uxinzelelo olusebenzayo kule miqathango luya kuba luhle kakhulu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, iingcinezelo zonyuswa ngakumbi. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wokuhlaziya ukuba athelekise phakathi kweengcinezelo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakhona, inokubonisa ukutshintshwa okufuneka kwenziwe kwimizi yokuphathwa kolawulo lomntu wokulala.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamaxesha Okulala KwangokuLingana (MSLT)
Ukuvavanywa Kwamaxesha Okulala KwangokuLingana (MSLT) kaninzi kudla ngokuba ngu-nap naphando. Kuyafana nokusetha kwi-polysomnogram (PSG) ichazwe ngasentla.
Ezi zifundo ziya kwenziwa emva kokufunda kwe-PSG yobusuku bokuqala. Emva kokuvuswa, umntu uya kuba namaxesha ahleliweyo e- nap kulo lonke usuku. Ezi zivela rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigulane silala kwaye sivunyelwe ukuba silale apho imizuzu engama-20 ngenjongo yokulala.
I-technician iza kujonga ukuqala kokulala kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukulala kwe-REM. Emva kwemizuzu engama-20, loo mntu uya kuvuswa okanye axelelwe ukuba ixesha lokulahla seliphelile. Emva koko, kwiiyure ezimbini zeeyure, le nkqubo iphindaphindiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziya kwenzeka kwixesha leeyure ezili-10.
Ezi mvavanyo zincedo ekuboniseni ubuthongo obukhulu kakhulu emini. Oku kungabikho kwiintlobo ezininzi zokuphazamiseka, ezifana nokugula kwe- apnea , idiopathic hypersomnia ( ukulala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu), kunye ne-narcolepsy. Ngokukodwa, ukuqala kokuqala kwe-REM kulezi zihlandlo zokulala kungabonisa ukuba i-narcolepsy.
I-Actigraphy
I-Actigraphy yilinganiso yomsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecandelo elincinci, isixhobo somlinganiselo we-crystal. Esi sixhobo sihlola ukunyakaza kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukuhlola imijikelezo yokulala , okanye i-circadian isigqi, malunga nexesha elide. Basenokugqithwa iiveki okanye iinyanga.
Izixhobo zikunceda ukuba ziphazamiseke ukuba zikhona ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wokulala, zininzi zenzeke kwiingxaki ze-circadian izifo ezifana nesifo esiphezulu sesifo sokulala, isifo se-sleep syndrome, okanye nokuba ne- sleepiness . Ezi ziphumo zihlala zihambelana nedayari yokulala.
Diary Sleep
Ngamanye amaxesha idayari yokulala, okanye i-log sleep, ngamanye amaxesha kuncedo ekuhloleni izidakamizwa zesigqirha okanye kwi- sleepiness , ngokukodwa kwisigqibo se-actigraphic data. Ezi zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlola iingxaki zokulala phakathi kwabantwana.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziyimpepha kunye nephepha lokulala nokuvuka ngexesha leveki kunye neenyanga. Ixesha lokulala kunye nexesha lokuvuka liyabonwa. Nawaphi na amaxesha okuvuka ngexesha lobusuku okanye i-naps ngexesha lomhla nawo aqoshiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusetyenziswa kwe- caffeine , utswala, okanye imishanguzo ingabhalwa kwakhona.
Sifundo seKhaya
Uninzi lwabantu bayaqaphela ukuba balala bhetele ekhaya kunokuba basenokungena kwiziko lokulala. Oku kuyinyaniso, kwaye abaninzi bayasichukumisa ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obuya kuvumela ukuhlola ekhaya ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Ezi zibandakanya uphando oluthile olulinganisa iiparameters ezisisiseko zokulala, ezinjengezinga le-oxygen, iqondo lentliziyo, kunye nokuhamba kwesifuba nesisu esisodwa ngeebhanti ezikhethekileyo. Ezinye izifundo ze-titration zingaqhutyelwa ekhaya ngokusetyenziswa komshini we-CPAP, njengezifundo ze-auto-titration.
Ukongezelela, ubugcisa obutsha buphando oluya kubakho ukubeka kwelinye iliso. Ngokubanzi, lo buchwepheshe obutsha busebuntwaneni kwaye idatha ayinakuthenjwa njengendlela yangoku yegolide yokuxilongwa, okuyi-polysomnogram yobusuku obwenziwe kwisiko lokulala esivunyelweyo.
Imithombo:
> ULittner, M. et al. Iimpawu zemiqathango yokusetyenziswa kweklinikhi yovavanyo lwe-latency yokulala kunye nokugcinwa kovavanyo lokuvuka. Kulala ; 28: 113.
> Mitler, M. noMiller, J. Izindlela zokuvavanya ukulala. Behav Med; 21: 171.
> Stepanski, E. et al . Iimpembelelo zokulala kokulala ebuthongweni bemini kwi-sleeping primary. Kulala ; 23: 215.